Scene Construction Research Articles

Functional differences in spatial processing along an anterior-posterior axis: are there implications for the retrosplenial cortex?

The retrosplenial cortex has recently received attention from the neuroscience community for its role in spatial processing and involvement in diseases such as Alzheimer's. Here, we discuss a recent study by Silson et al. (Silson EH, Gilmore AW, Kalinowski SE, Steel A, Kidder A, Martin A, Baker CI. J Neurosci 39: 705-717, 2019.) that reported functionally specific activation within this region during scene perception and (mnemonic) construction. We then propose considerations for future experiments such as adopting standardized methodology and terminology that may improve the interpretation of retrosplenial cortex function within the broader literature.

Construction safety education system based on virtual reality

In view of the shortage of traditional construction safety education in China, this paper introduces virtual reality technology into the field of safety education. The virtual reality construction safety training system designed allows multiple experiencers to be physically, visually and tactfully present at the same time. In the virtual scene of construction accident safety hazard, the experiencer completes the consciousness migration that corresponds the virtual scene to the real scene, thereby avoiding the safety accident in the real construction and maximizing the safety education effect. The overall architecture of this work includes the virtual reality system and the vibration system. The scene model in the virtual reality system is mainly 3D modeling with 3Dmax, and the Unity game engine is used for animation and interaction design. Because the system is mainly for traffic construction and construction units, the design scene mainly includes three major parts: bridge construction scene, road construction scene and tunnel construction scene. The vibrating system is designed to enhance the virtual experience. The system communicates with the host to acquire the corresponding vibration signal and drive six low-frequency vibrating horns, so that the experiencer have a strong sense of vibration.

Picture This: A Review of Research Relating to Narrative Processing by Moving Image Versus Language.

Reading fiction for pleasure is robustly correlated with improved cognitive attainment and other benefits. It is also in decline among young people in developed nations, in part because of competition from moving image fiction. We review existing research on the differences between reading or hearing verbal fiction and watching moving image fiction, as well as looking more broadly at research on image or text interactions and visual versus verbal processing. We conclude that verbal narrative generates more diverse responses than moving image narrative. We note that reading and viewing narrative are different tasks, with different cognitive loads. Viewing moving image narrative mostly involves visual processing with some working memory engagement, whereas reading narrative involves verbal processing, visual imagery, and personal memory (Xu et al., 2005). Attempts to compare the two by creating equivalent stimuli and task demands face a number of challenges. We discuss the difficulties of such comparative approaches. We then investigate the possibility of identifying lower level processing mechanisms that might distinguish cognition of the two media and propose internal scene construction and working memory as foci for future research. Although many of the sources we draw on concentrate on English-speaking participants in European or North American settings, we also cover material relating to speakers of Dutch, German, Hebrew, and Japanese in their respective countries, and studies of a remote Turkish mountain community.

Imagination as a dialogue

Neuroscience The hippocampus constructs scene imagery to facilitate recollected or imagined mental representations. However, input from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is also needed for scene construction. How do these regions interact when we imagine a scene? Barry et al. addressed this question using magnetoencephalography. Participants imagined novel scenes or single objects after being given a cue. The direction of information flow during scene imagination mirrored that observed during episodic memory retrieval, in which vmPFC drives hippocampal activity. These results indicate that the vmPFC selects the elements for a scene, whereas the hippocampus is necessary to construct the scene imagery. The vmPFC strongly modulates the construction of spatially coherent, contextually appropriate scene imagery. Episodic memory and imagination thus use similar regional dialogue in the brain. J. Neurosci. 39 , 4375 (2019).

Dynamic Causal Modelling of Active Vision.

In this paper, we draw from recent theoretical work on active perception, which suggests that the brain makes use of an internal (i.e., generative) model to make inferences about the causes of sensations. This view treats visual sensations as consequent on action (i.e., saccades) and implies that visual percepts must be actively constructed via a sequence of eye movements. Oculomotor control calls on a distributed set of brain sources that includes the dorsal and ventral frontoparietal (attention) networks. We argue that connections from the frontal eye fields to ventral parietal sources represent the mapping from “where”, fixation location to information derived from “what” representations in the ventral visual stream. During scene construction, this mapping must be learned, putatively through changes in the effective connectivity of these synapses. Here, we test the hypothesis that the coupling between the dorsal frontal cortex and the right temporoparietal cortex is modulated during saccadic interrogation of a simple visual scene. Using dynamic causal modeling for magnetoencephalography with (male and female) human participants, we assess the evidence for changes in effective connectivity by comparing models that allow for this modulation with models that do not. We find strong evidence for modulation of connections between the two attention networks; namely, a disinhibition of the ventral network by its dorsal counterpart.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work draws from recent theoretical accounts of active vision and provides empirical evidence for changes in synaptic efficacy consistent with these computational models. In brief, we used magnetoencephalography in combination with eye-tracking to assess the neural correlates of a form of short-term memory during a dot cancellation task. Using dynamic causal modeling to quantify changes in effective connectivity, we found evidence that the coupling between the dorsal and ventral attention networks changed during the saccadic interrogation of a simple visual scene. Intuitively, this is consistent with the idea that these neuronal connections may encode beliefs about “what I would see if I looked there”, and that this mapping is optimized as new data are obtained with each fixation.

Research on Application of Light Art in the Construction of Creative City： The Case of China “Dreamy Wuhan” Lighting Show

The emergence and development of light art is established on the maturity of lighting technology and also combined with innovative technology and charm of art, which has been widely applied in the fields of night scene construction, exhibition and festival activities. As the element that is easiest to be captured and felt by vision, light is an essential part of the construction of creative city and gradually becomes a new design outlet in the construction of creative city. On the basis of this, taking China “Dreamy Wuhan” lighting show as an example, the paper analyses the path of light art in the construction of creative city, and also studies the integration of light creation and visual perception. It is expected to enrich the practical research of light art creation in the construction of creative city.

Exploratory Research on Chinese Performance Teaching Knowledge to Enhance Corporate Cohesion

“Management is both a science and an art.” This view has been widely recognized in the field of management research. However, in the existing academic and practical studies of management, the artistry of management is often defined as some methods and techniques of management, but few studies have studied the interdisciplinary and interactive relationship between real art and management. Corporate cohesion is an important part of corporate culture construction and an important foundation for enterprise development. Some studies believe that corporate cohesion is indispensable for understanding team operations and will continue to be an important concept in organizational management research in the 21st century. Performing arts is a kind of visual and auditory art that is directly appealed to by the performing artist. Mainly refers to actors performing roles in movies, TV series, and drama. Compared with other art forms, the intuitiveness of the performing arts determines that it has the most direct and close relationship with the propaganda cause, and the promotion effect is the fastest and most acceptable. Therefore, this research regards the promotion of enterprise cohesion as the breakthrough point of management, and takes the relevant knowledge commonly used in Chinese performance teaching as the breakthrough point of art, trying to establish the relationship between these two aspects, in order to explore the relationship between management and art. Through literature review and literature comparative study, firstly, some representative views of western scholars on the influencing factors of enterprise cohesion are summarized as atmosphere, leadership characteristics, individual characteristics and their consistency, motivation, communication, external environment. Then, some representative views of Oriental Scholars on the influencing factors of enterprise cohesion are summarized as communication, group atmosphere, enterprise external environment, individual characteristics and their consistency, motivation, leadership characteristics, and institutional Based on this, after comparing and summarizing the influencing factors of enterprise cohesion put forward by Eastern and Western scholars, the defining results of the influencing factors of enterprise cohesion in this study are as follows: people-oriented, communication, group atmosphere, enterprise external environment, individual characteristics and their consistency, motivation, leadership characteristics, and institutional change. In view of the purpose of this study is to try to use performance knowledge for reference or directly to enhance the cohesion of enterprises, after fully considering the controllability of each factor and the correspondence with performance knowledge, the influencing factors of cohesion are amended: the “external environment factor” which is not controlled by enterprises is removed, the factor of “individual characteristics and their consistency” and “material motivation” in the “motivation” factor both of which lacked correspondence with performance knowledge are removed, and the “institutional change” factor which is difficult for performance knowledge to play a role is removed. Ultimately, the revised factors affecting cohesion that can be associated with the performance knowledge include: group atmosphere, spiritual motivation, communication, leadership characteristics, After defining the influencing factors of enterprise cohesion, through consulting the relevant literature and information on performance teaching in China, we can find the representative performance knowledge corresponding to the influencing factors of enterprise cohesion, including: stage scene construction, Parody Theory, performing performing parctice, actor’s physical and mental relaxation, truth and belief, script analysis, communication in performance, “seven abilities and four senses”, emancipate nature and role analysis. Finally, this study draws on or directly uses these performance knowledge to propose a series of methods to enhance corporate cohesion, including: Create a suitable working environment, watch and follow the positive performances, performing activities should be properly carried out, relax the mind and body of the staff, strengthen the awareness of employees’ “reality and belief”, “Analyze the script” with the staff, using the method of line training in performance studies, business managers and employees should conduct more self-communication, respect every role involved in communication, pay attention to the details of communication, “seven abilities and four senses” that managers should have, emancipate the “nature” of employees and analysis of the role of employees. Thus, the interaction and correlation between management and art are established. This study tentatively tries to construct a theoretical framework of “Enhancing Corporate Cohesion - Performance Knowledge”, further verifies the view that “Management is both a science and an art”, puts forward a new interdisciplinary research idea for management, and makes a preliminary exploration for the formation of “Management Performance Theory”.

233. Anterior Hippocampal Hyperactivity Limits fMRI Activation During Scene Processing in Early Psychosis

Extant data provide strong evidence for hippocampal hyperactivity in schizophrenia. We have found that volume deficits in early psychosis patients are more prominent in the anterior hippocampus. The origin of functional abnormalities along the hippocampal long axis is unclear. Models of hippocampal function have highlighted a role for the anterior hippocampus in scene processing and construction. Here we test the hypothesis that anterior hippocampal hyperactivity impairs the recruitment of this region during a cognitive task.

T184. Anterior Hippocampal Hyperactivity Limits fMRI Activation During Scene Processing in Early Psychosis

Extant data provide strong evidence for hippocampal hyperactivity in schizophrenia. We have found that volume deficits in early psychosis patients are more prominent in the anterior hippocampus. The origin of functional abnormalities along the hippocampal long axis is unclear. Models of hippocampal function have highlighted a role for the anterior hippocampus in scene processing and construction. Here we test the hypothesis that anterior hippocampal hyperactivity impairs the recruitment of this region during a cognitive task.

Excitatory versus inhibitory feedback in Bayesian formulations of scene construction.

The selective attention for identification model (SAIM) is an established model of selective visual attention. SAIM implements translation-invariant object recognition, in scenes with multiple objects, using the parallel distributed processing (PDP) paradigm. Here, we show that SAIM can be formulated as Bayesian inference. Crucially, SAIM uses excitatory feedback to combine top-down information (i.e. object knowledge) with bottom-up sensory information. By contrast, predictive coding implementations of Bayesian inference use inhibitory feedback. By formulating SAIM as a predictive coding scheme, we created a new version of SAIM that uses inhibitory feedback. Simulation studies showed that both types of architectures can reproduce the response time costs induced by multiple objects—as found in visual search experiments. However, due to the different nature of the feedback, the two SAIM schemes make distinct predictions about the motifs of microcircuits mediating the effects of top-down afferents. We discuss empirical (neuroimaging) methods to test the predictions of the two inference architectures.

Object Activity Scene Description, Construction, and Recognition

Action recognition is a critical task for social robots to meaningfully engage with their environment. 3-D human skeleton-based action recognition has been an attractive research area in recent years. Although the existing approaches are good at action recognition, it is a great challenge to recognize a group of actions in an activity scene. To tackle this problem, at first, we partition the scene into several primitive actions (PAs)-based upon motion attention mechanism. Then, the PAs are described by the trajectory vectors of the corresponding joints. After that, motivated by text classification based on word embedding, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize activity scenes by considering motion of joints as ``word'' of activity. The experimental results on the dataset of human activity scenes show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

The Neural Dynamics of Novel Scene Imagery.

Retrieval of long-term episodic memories is characterized by synchronized neural activity between hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), with additional evidence that vmPFC activity leads that of the hippocampus. It has been proposed that the mental generation of scene imagery is a crucial component of episodic memory processing. If this is the case, then a comparable interaction between the two brain regions should exist during the construction of novel scene imagery. To address this question, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of MEG to investigate the construction of novel mental imagery. We tasked male and female humans with imagining scenes and single isolated objects in response to one-word cues. We performed source-level power, coherence, and causality analyses to characterize the underlying interregional interactions. Both scene and object imagination resulted in theta power changes in the anterior hippocampus. However, higher theta coherence was observed between the hippocampus and vmPFC in the scene compared with the object condition. This interregional theta coherence also predicted whether imagined scenes were subsequently remembered. Dynamic causal modeling of this interaction revealed that vmPFC drove activity in hippocampus during novel scene construction. Additionally, theta power changes in the vmPFC preceded those observed in the hippocampus. These results constitute the first evidence in humans that episodic memory retrieval and scene imagination rely on similar vmPFC–hippocampus neural dynamics. Furthermore, they provide support for theories emphasizing similarities between both cognitive processes and perspectives that propose the vmPFC guides the construction of context-relevant representations in the hippocampus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Episodic memory retrieval is characterized by a dialog between hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). It has been proposed that the mental generation of scene imagery is a crucial component of episodic memory processing. An ensuing prediction would be of a comparable interaction between the two brain regions during the construction of novel scene imagery. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of MEG and combined it with a scene imagination task. We found that a hippocampal–vmPFC dialog existed and that it took the form of vmPFC driving the hippocampus. We conclude that episodic memory and scene imagination share fundamental neural dynamics and the process of constructing vivid, spatially coherent, contextually appropriate scene imagery is strongly modulated by vmPFC.

Visualization of Spatio-Temporal Building Changes Using 3D Web GIS

Modern laser scanning methods and photogrammetric techniques provide tools for rapid data acquisition and semi-automated 3D scene construction. The common access to measuring sensors allow building digital representation of scanned objects relatively easy. This enables the construction of photorealistic building models and complex GIS/BIM models.Recently, increasing number of government departments and local councils trying to use 3D models as part of their planning, development, promotion strategy can be observed. To date, there is no universal, low-cost methodology that will allow visualizing changes of building facades using the Internet. The article presents a study which explored the possibilities of building a web application to visualize the changes in the buildings with the use of 3D models. It allows to integrate current three-dimensional models with those based on historical data. An interactive web application presenting the spatio-temporal changes of buildings in two study areas was presented (campus of the University of Warmia and Mazury and the Old Town of Olsztyn). The proposed architecture is low-cost and easy to implement. The content displayed on the map is determined by the timeline slider, which allows presenting changes in the building facades over time. Each building has its own attributes, some of which also have one or more 3D models. In the end, the potential stages of the system’s development were presented, including the possibility of participating volunteers in the process of obtaining historical data and using the Augmented Reality to present 3D models of the buildings directly in the field.

Episodic specificity induction and scene construction: Evidence for an event construction account.

Research has suggested that an episodic specificity induction (ESI)- training in recollecting details of a past event- impacts subsequent memory, imagination, problem solving, and creativity. We have hypothesized that induction effects may be attributable to event construction- the assembly and maintenance of a mental scenario filled with setting, people, and action details. We examine whether ESI impacts metrics of event detail in a standard scene construction task, which is a paradigm focused on the spatial integrity of a mental scenario and the stage upon or setting in which such a scenario occurs. Relative to a control, ESI significantly increased details generated across all categories of event detail in scene construction, including spatial references, entities present, sensory descriptions, and thoughts/emotions/actions. ESI did not influence scores on the Spatial Coherence Index, a critical measure of spatial processing. These findings inform theoretical and functional accounts of the nature and malleability of constructive retrieval.

Aspectos: o problema na matemática escolar e o dilema como acontecimento

Este texto, organizado através de uma cena ficcional, desenvolve-se a partir de seis Atos. A cena foi construída a partir de vozes espectrais, no sentido de Jacques Derrida, as quais são produzidas a partir de duas pesquisas doutorais ocorridas em temporalidades distintas. A proposta na construção da cena é tecer familiaridades entre efeitos sentido em torno do problema e do dilema, com base em uma abordagem não linear do tempo. Deste modo, procuramos percorrer diversos usos das palavras: problema e dilema. Com essas encenações, propomos desconstruir a noção de problema na Educação Matemática e reverberar usos e sentidos outros. Esse movimento propõe pensar os modos em que os dilemas são mobilizados nas práticas sociais e os seus possíveis efeitos no campo das práticas escolares, deslocando da pergunta o que é um problema? para as perguntas: Como, nas práticas sociais, se manifesta, na possibilidade do impossível, o aparecimento do acontecimento? Como dilemas acontecem? Quando resolvemos um dilema?

Verbal Paired Associates and the Hippocampus: The Role of Scenes.

It is widely agreed that patients with bilateral hippocampal damage are impaired at binding pairs of words together. Consequently, the verbal paired associates (VPA) task has become emblematic of hippocampal function. This VPA deficit is not well understood and is particularly difficult for hippocampal theories with a visuospatial bias to explain (e.g., cognitive map and scene construction theories). Resolving the tension among hippocampal theories concerning the VPA could be important for leveraging a fuller understanding of hippocampal function. Notably, VPA tasks typically use high imagery concrete words and so conflate imagery and binding. To determine why VPA engages the hippocampus, we devised an fMRI encoding task involving closely matched pairs of scene words, pairs of object words, and pairs of very low imagery abstract words. We found that the anterior hippocampus was engaged during processing of both scene and object word pairs in comparison to abstract word pairs, despite binding occurring in all conditions. This was also the case when just subsequently remembered stimuli were considered. Moreover, for object word pairs, fMRI activity patterns in anterior hippocampus were more similar to those for scene imagery than object imagery. This was especially evident in participants who were high imagery users and not in mid and low imagery users. Overall, our results show that hippocampal engagement during VPA, even when object word pairs are involved, seems to be evoked by scene imagery rather than binding. This may help to resolve the issue that visuospatial hippocampal theories have in accounting for verbal memory.

A Posterior-Anterior Distinction between Scene Perception and Scene Construction in Human Medial Parietal Cortex.

Human retrosplenial complex (RSC), located in medial parietal cortex, has been implicated in numerous cognitive functions, including scene perception, spatial navigation, and autobiographical memory retrieval. Recently, a posterior-anterior distinction within RSC was proposed, such that posterior aspects process scene-related visual information (constituting a medial place area [MPA]), whereas anterior aspects process information that is vividly retrieved from memory, thereby supporting remembering and potentially navigation. Here, we tested this proposed distinction in a single group of participants (both male and female) using fMRI with both perceptual and mnemonic tasks. After completing a resting-state scan, participants performed a task that required constructing scenes from memory and completed a scene selectivity localizer task. We tested directly perceptual and mnemonic responses in MPA and an anterior, connectivity-defined region (CON), which showed strong functional connectivity with anterior parahippocampal place area. A double dissociation was observed, such that CON was more strongly activated during scene construction than was MPA, whereas MPA was more perceptually responsive than CON. Further, peak responses from the scene construction task were anterior to perceptual peaks in all but 1 participant and hemisphere. Finally, through analyses of the posterior-anterior response profiles, we identify the fundus of the parieto-occipital sulcus as a potential location for the crossover from perceptual to mnemonic representations and highlight a potential left-hemisphere advantage for mnemonic representations. Collectively, our results support a distinction between posterior and anterior aspects of the RSC, suggesting that more specific functional-anatomic terms should be used in its place in future work.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The retrosplenial complex (RSC) has been implicated in vision, spatial cognition, and memory. We previously speculated on a potential posterior-anterior distinction within RSC for scene perception and memory-based scene construction/navigation. Here, we tested this distinction through a combination of resting-state, perceptual, and mnemonic task data. Consistent with our predictions, we demonstrate that perceptual responses peak consistently posterior of those elicited by memory-based scene construction within the broader RSC. Further, we highlight (1) the fundus of the parieto-occipital sulcus as a landmark for the transition between these representations, (2) the anterior bank of parieto-occipital sulcus as the point of maximal separation between these representations, and (3) identify a potential hemispheric asymmetry in mnemonic representations. These data support functional dissociations within RSC.

Scenes enable a sense of reliving: Implications for autobiographical memory

Autobiographical memory has been defined by the phenomenological properties of reliving, vividness, and belief that an event occurred. Neuropsychological damage that results in the inability to recall the layout of a scene also results in amnesia suggesting a possible milder effect in people without such neurological damage. Based on this and other observations, we hypothesized that the degree to which the layout of a scene is recalled will correlate positively with ratings of reliving, vividness, and belief, and will explain more variance in multiple regressions than recalling the scene’s contents. We also hypothesized that a lack of layout underlies nonspecific autobiographical memories which are common in aging, future events, and clinical disorders, whereas currently such memories are most commonly measured by reports of extended duration. We tested these theory-driven novel hypotheses in three studies to replicate our results. In each study, approximately 200 participants rated the layout, content, and other properties of personal events. Correlational analyses in each study and a structural equation model for the combined studies provide strong support for the role of mental scene construction in an integrative neurocognitive approach to clarify cognitive theory and clinical phenomena.

Research on Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Information Retrieval

Virtual reality technology has three characteristics: immersive, interactive and imaginary. It adds new multi-dimensional feelings and human-computer interaction methods. It has a wide range of library scene construction, information resources construction and reader service work. However, at the current stage, virtual reality technology encounters the problems of low commercialization of virtual reality technology equipment in library applications, the lack of mature vision generation technology itself, and the shortage of libraries using virtual reality technology. Therefore, the library should actively focus on virtual Real-world technology and two visual scene generation technologies are used interchangeably to increase propaganda and promote virtual reality technology.

Precision and False Perceptual Inference.

Accurate perceptual inference fundamentally depends upon accurate beliefs about the reliability of sensory data. In this paper, we describe a Bayes optimal and biologically plausible scheme that refines these beliefs through a gradient descent on variational free energy. To illustrate this, we simulate belief updating during visual foraging and show that changes in estimated sensory precision (i.e., confidence in visual data) are highly sensitive to prior beliefs about the contents of a visual scene. In brief, confident prior beliefs induce an increase in estimated precision when consistent with sensory evidence, but a decrease when they conflict. Prior beliefs held with low confidence are rapidly updated to posterior beliefs, determined by sensory data. These induce much smaller changes in beliefs about sensory precision. We argue that pathologies of scene construction may be due to abnormal priors, and show that these can induce a reduction in estimated sensory precision. Having previously associated this precision with cholinergic signaling, we note that several neurodegenerative conditions are associated with visual disturbances and cholinergic deficits; notably, the synucleinopathies. On relating the message passing in our model to the functional anatomy of the ventral visual stream, we find that simulated neuronal loss in temporal lobe regions induces confident, inaccurate, empirical prior beliefs at lower levels in the visual hierarchy. This provides a plausible, if speculative, computational mechanism for the loss of cholinergic signaling and the visual disturbances associated with temporal lobe Lewy body pathology. This may be seen as an illustration of the sorts of hypotheses that may be expressed within this computational framework.