Sanitary Control Research Articles

Exercise addiction, body dysmorphic disorder, and use of enhancement drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic confinement period: A transcultural study

IntroductionThe Coronavirus pandemic has originated unprecedented sanitary control measures that have conditioned people’s lifestyles and habits. Little is known about the impact of such measures, especially the most restrictive, on recent and growing phenomena such as exercise addiction, use of enhancement drugs, and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD).ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate the above-mentioned phenomena during COVID-19 pandemic and how they relate.MethodsThe sample consisted of 3161 participants (65% women), from Portugal (11%), Italy (41%), Spain (16%), the UK (12%), Lithuania (12%), Japan (6%), and Hungary (4%). Mean age was 35.05 (SD = 12.10). Participants responded online to the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and questions about use of enhancement drugs.Results4.3% of the participants scored above the cut-off point of the EAI, with higher values registered in the UK and Spain. Exercise addiction was higher among men. Appearance anxiety and body satisfaction problems were found in participants of all participating countries, with 15.2% scoring over the cut-off point for BDD. Higher numbers of those at risk of BDD were found in Italy, Japan, and Portugal. About 29% reported the use of fitness supplements to make them look better, with 6.4% starting a new use during the lockdown. Change in supplements use and exercise are predicted by EAI scores. Change in mental health is predicted by AAI scores.ConclusionsThis study helps to shed light on how COVID-19 lookdown induced behavioral changes and how they affect physical and mental health-related aspects in different countries.

PEMETAAN POTENSI KERENTANAN PENCEMARAN AIR PERMUKAAN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN BULELENG (Mapping on the potential vulnerability of surface water pollution for environmental sanitation control in Buleleng Regency)

One of the efforts to prevent water pollution is done by mapping of potential pollution vulnerability to support water quality control policy making. The research location is in Panas Sub-watershed, a part of the Saba Watershed which originates on the northwest slope of the Bratan Volcano Complex and upstream is Lake Tamblingan, Buleleng Regency. The objectives of the study include: 1) mapping the parameters of potential surface water pollution vulnerability, 2) mapping land cover changes in 2000 and 2016, 3) mapping the potential surface water pollution vulnerability and its dynamics in 2000 and 2016, and 4) formulating a management recommendation to control surface water pollution. Mapping the potential surface water pollution vulnerability was conducted by GIS and Point Count System Model (PCSM) method using parameters of slope, land cover, and annual average rainfall. The results showed that some of the upstream and middle areas of the Panas Sub-watershed were categorized as high potential vulnerability caused by steep slopes, plantation cover, and annual average rainfall of 2,251 - 2,500 mm/year. Various recommendations to control surface water pollution are conducting integrated waste management individually or in groups, such as collectively septic tank construction, waste disposal organization, and waste water management installation; providing directions for appropriate land cultivation for farmers so that the pollutant load due to the use of pesticides could be controlled; as well as controlling and supervising the tourist area around Tamblingan Lake.

Epidemijska veksilologija – uporaba zastava u kontroli i prevenciji širenja zaraznih bolesti

The paper presents a short historic review of flags used for control, and as a means of control and fight against epidemics, along with the use of flags as symbols of health risk and quarantine, and their development. It presents examples of flags of national services competent for health and sanitary control and quarantine through history. Particular attention is given to the current pandemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome named COVID-19, thus the paper presents the use of national flags as solidarity symbols with affected nations and development of newly designed flags symbolizing solidarity with health workers and others fighting against corona, escalating in 2020. © 2021 Institut za drustvena istraživanja u Zagrebu – Institute for Social Research in Zagreb Sva prava pridržana – All rights reserved.

DISINFECTANTS FOR SANITARY TREATMENT OF THE SKIN OF THE ELDER OF LACTING COWS

The article highlights the relevance of udder hygiene, sources of milk contamination with microflora, udder treatment requirements, sanitary condition control of the teats skin of cow udders, as well as a list of udder treatment products authorized in Ukraine.
 Proper preparation of udder teats for milking, namely: treatment with special detergents and disinfectants, compliance with the correct milking procedure significantly reduce the risk of cows with mastitis and increase milk yield. The content of microorganisms in milk shows the hygiene of milking cows, animal health, and the presence of pathogenic and technologically dangerous microorganisms.
 Bacterial contamination of milk is significantly increased due to udder diseases in cows. This increases the bacterial contamination of milk with pathogenic microbes, and the milk becomes unfit for consumption and processing (milk from cows with mastitis must be disposed of) milking procedure significantly reduce the risk of mastitis in cows and increase milk yield.
 It is necessary to prevent the penetration of microbes into the teat duct for prophylactic mastitis measures Special products should be used to treat the udder after milking. These products have certain requirements, the main of which are: the ability to quickly destroy bacteria; to keep the skin of the teats in good condition; to protect the teat between milking; easy to wash off before milking to eliminate the risk of getting into the milk.

VETERINARY AND SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY CONTROL OF CITRUS FRUIT

The modern Russian market is represented by a wide range of exotic types of plant products imported from different countries. Currently, there are more frequent cases when in fruits and vegetables there is an increased content of nitrates and toxic elements. Exotic types of plant products sold on food markets are allowed for sale only after passing veterinary and sanitary control in the State laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination. The aim of the research was the veterinary and phytosanitary control of citrus fruits sold on the commodity market of the Chelyabinsk region. As the objects of research used fresh tangerines, oranges and pomelo, sold in the «Central Market» of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region. It was found that only the labeling of the studied mandarin samples was complete and in accordance with the regulated requirements of the State Standard 51074–2003, Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 and 005/2011. The organoleptic and physical characteristics of the tested samples were in accordance with the rules of the Rules for Veterinary Sanitary Expertise of Plant Food Products in the Veterinary Sanitary Expertise Laboratories of the Markets and the applicable State Standards – 4428–82, 4427–82, 34307–2017. Fresh tangerines, oranges and pomelo were safe for the content of lead, cadmium and nitrates in accordance with the norms of the Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.3.2.1078–01 and Technical Regulation of the Customs Union 021/2011. However, the amounts of lead and cadmium were more detected in the pulp, and the amount of nitrates was the same in the pulp and in the peel of citrus fruits.

Redefinir nuestra relación con la naturaleza para evitar futuras pandemias

Redefinir nuestra relación con la naturaleza para evitar futuras pandemias

Sanitary Control in a Research Laboratory as a Factor in Ensuring Food Safety of Innovative Dairy Products

Today, the production of innovative dairy products using various technological methods that improve quality is steadily growing. The formulation of such products includes various food additives, physiologically functional ingredients, plant materials, etc. Therefore, special requirements are imposed on the safety and quality of such products. The sanitary and epidemic quality of innovative dairy products is determined by the presence of pathogenic and other microorganisms in them. Development of technology for the production of innovative dairy products is usually concentrated in research laboratories. In this regard, close attention should be paid to the organization of measures aimed at creating an appropriate sanitary regime for the production of products of guaranteed quality. Such measures include careful monitoring of the content of microorganisms in the air, on laboratory equipment, utensils and utensils, work clothes and hands of laboratory staff, on the basis of which the sanitary and hygienic state of the production of innovative dairy products is assessed.

Presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Sanitation Controls in Cold-Smoked Salmon Facilities during FDA Inspections

Presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Sanitation Controls in Cold-Smoked Salmon Facilities during FDA Inspections

Гигиеническая оценка риска для здоровья населения, обусловленного контаминацией пищевых продуктов хлорорганическими пестицидами

Accumulation of anthropogenic contaminants in food is one of the by-products of economic and other activities practiced by humankind. This study aimed to analyze the public health risks associated with ingestion of organochlorine pesticides (HCH, DDT) widely used in agriculture. The risk assessment was enabled by Nutri-prof software package; the data collected covered actual dietary patterns of 1798 people (823 men and 975 women) aged 18 to 65. Assessment of the level of contamination of food with organochlorine pesticides relied on the results of analysis of 16510 food product samples belonging to various groups. Bread and bread products, vegetables and melons, potatoes, milk and dairy products were shown to be the source of HCH in the amounts causing the greatest non-cancerogenic risk associated therewith. The list of products delivering the largest amounts of DDT into the body and thus posing the greatest non-cancerogenic risk associated therewith includes bread and bread products, vegetables and melons, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products. With the median DDT and HCH concentrations factored in, the highest joint cancerogenic risk level a person may be exposed to reaches the third range, which is acceptable for occupational groups. From the age of 45, consumption of bread and bread products leads to the related endocrine system risks growing beyond background levels, and from 65, these risks, considered negligible up to this age, become moderate. The results of this study support effectiveness of the sanitary and epidemiological food safety control system; the considered methodological approach to risk assessment allows making timely management decisions that account for the nature of work and dietary peculiarities.

Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella spp. Strains from Three Poultry Processing Plants in Colombia.

The poultry industry in Colombia has implemented several changes and measures in chicken processing to improve sanitary operations and control pathogens’ prevalence. However, there is no official in-plant microbial profile reference data currently available throughout the processing value chains. Hence, this research aimed to study the microbial profiles and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in three plants. In total, 300 samples were collected in seven processing sites. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and levels of Enterobacteriaceae were assessed. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize the isolated strains genotypically. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in each establishment was 77%, 58% and 80% for plant A, B, and C. The mean levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the chicken rinsates were 5.03, 5.74, and 6.41 log CFU/mL for plant A, B, and C. Significant reductions were identified in the counts of post-chilling rinsate samples; however, increased levels were found in chicken parts. There were six distinct Salmonella spp. clusters with the predominant sequence types ST32 and ST28. The serotypes Infantis (54%) and Paratyphi B (25%) were the most commonly identified within the processing plants with a high abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes.

Antibiotic misuse and compliance with infection control measures during COVID‐19 pandemic in community pharmacies in Egypt

BackgroundGlobally, antibiotics misuse by the public has been reported in the era of COVID‐19, despite the discouraging instructions of the World Health Organization, especially for mild cases.ObjectiveIs to describe this antibiotic misuse and its contributing factors. Also, to measure the pharmacists' application of infection preventive practices during the pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among randomly selected Egyptian community pharmacists (Center, East, Delta, and Upper Egypt) using a questionnaire and direct interviews from 1 to 30 August 2020. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first covered pharmacist's demographic data and their application of basic infection preventive practices (eg, wearing face masks, regular hand sanitization, etc), and the other part was related to antibiotic dispensing patterns. Data were descriptively analyzed and the impact of participant experience on the responses was evaluated using the χ2 test.ResultsFrom 480 randomly selected Egyptian community pharmacists, 413 (87%) consented to participate in the study. 86.7% of the participants were keen to wear face masks (n = 358) and 86.2% kept regular hand sanitization (n = 356); whereas, 46.9% (n = 194) maintained adequate antibiotic stock supply during the pandemic. Nearly 67% (n = 275) of the pharmacists reported that patients were more likely to be given antibiotics for showing any sign or symptom of COVID‐19 infection, and 82% (n = 74 278) of the dispensed antibiotics were given upon physician recommendation. Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, and Linezolid were the major antibiotics dispensed to COVID‐19 presumptive patients Azithromycin was given to ~40% of presumptive patients showing only mild or moderate symptoms for 5‐10 days. Additionally, antibiotic combinations were given to 74% (n = 62 479) of home‐isolated patients for a maximum of 2 weeks.ConclusionsPharmacists applied suitable sanitation and infection control protocols. Meanwhile, antibiotics were dispensed heavily during this pandemic without proper clinical indication and for long durations supporting the idea of antibiotic misuse.

The rationale for introducing the indices «Generalized coliform bacteria» and «Escherichia coli» into the scheme of sanitary and microbiological control of water quality as indices of fecal contamination

Introduction. The increasing bacterial contamination of water bodies requires an increase in water quality control’s reliability to ensure epidemic safety against waterborne infections. Therefore, researchers in both Russia and Europe came to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for indicator microorganisms that can more accurately suggest the presence of pathogens. microorganisms in water than traditional indicators. The aim of the study was to justify the introduction of indicator indices of fecal contamination “generalized coliform bacteria” and Escherichia coli to assess the safety of drinking water Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of domestic and international regulatory documents and literary materials regulating the quality of drinking water in terms of sanitary and microbiological indicators and assessment criteria. The results of many years of experimental and field research carried out by research organizations and practical organizations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare are presented. Results. On the territory of Russia, “general coliform bacteria,” is one of the indicator indices chosen according to the fermentation of lactose, determine the safety of drinking water. The water does not take into account pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella) and a number of lactose-negative opportunistic bacteria, causative agents of intestinal infections. The study of microorganisms isolated from the feces of patients confirms the frequency of occurrence of lactose-negative microorganisms to varying from 20 to 100% of strains. With an annual trend towards a decrease in the percentage of non-standard drinking water samples in terms of microbiological indices, general intestinal infections (GII) of unknown etiology increase, i.e. risk of GII. If the quality of drinking water does not correspond to thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), 95% of samples contain E. coli. Therefore, the determination of E. coli more reliably indicates the intake of fresh fecal contamination and provides efficiency in taking measures to eliminate an unfavorable situation than TCB. Conclusion. Reasons are given for the introduction of more reliable microbiological indicators of water safety control, such as - “generalized coliform bacteria” with the preservation of the abbreviation GCB, combining both lactose-positive and lactose-negative bacteria, determined by the sign of glucose fermentation, negative oxidase test and negative stain according to Gram and E. coli as an indicator of recent faecal contamination, which will allow the assessment of water quality for a wide range of bacteria of the order Enterobacterials, corresponding to the modern taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae NCBI, will ensure harmonization with international requirements and the safety of drinking water for the population.

INTEGRATION OF FARMERS AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN THE AQUACULTURE VALUE CHAIN IN TOCANTINS, BRAZIL

Most of the fish farmed by small scale Brazilian fish farmers in Brazil is sold directly to local markets without passing through a processing industry. The integration between small-scale fish farmers and the processing industry is restricted to few cooperatives, mainly in the southern region. Although many fish processing plants are operating in different regions, most producers do not have access to them. The lack of integration creates several problems, including low quality of fish due to the absence of sanitary control, informality, impossibility to access supermarkets, and low added value. This paper is based on a case study of aquaculture in the Brazilian state of Tocantins, by using the Global Value Chain approach. The methodology consists of a qualitative process based on face-to-face interviews with value chain agents. The main results indicate that the processing industries are increasing their own production and implementing supply contracts with large producers. More vertical governance is emerging with a high level of control by the industries. Thus, many small-scale fish farmers are being excluded from the value chain.

Gains from female education in rural Bangladesh: A multidimensional approach

Despite progress toward gender equality in education in Bangladesh, its female labor force participation (FLFP) rate has been stagnant relative to that of men, especially in marginal rural areas. To identify the overall benefit of schooling investment in women in rural Bangladesh, we examine the impact of female educational attainment on not only FLFP but also gains from marriage and household welfare. Applying a fuzzy regression discontinuity design where plausibly exogenous variation in school enrollment is created by the nationwide stipend program for women, we find moderate impacts of female education on FLFP, while female with higher education are more likely to marry more educated husbands who generate higher household income, particularly from non-farm activities. The results also show the significantly positive impacts of women’s education on sanitation control and children’s health. These findings indicate that female schooling enhances women’s role and well-being through marriage and household activities rather than their labor market activities.

Identification and risk assessment in determining the effectiveness of production veterinary and sanitary control in poultry farms

In order to identify and assess the risks of poultry veterinary services in determining the effectiveness of production veterinary and sanitary control at poultry farms, a scale of risk indicators for violation of mandatory veterinary requirements has been developed. The list of indicators include 65 indicators used at poultry farms producing meat, 66 indicators used at poultry farms producing eggs, 69 indicators used at poultry farms producing second-order pedigree reproducers. It has been established that the efficiency of veterinary and sanitary control at meat production poultry farms is 96.92-98.46%, egg production poultry farms - 97.73, second order breeding farms - 99.28-100%. The use of the scale helped to reduce the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases to 0 at poultry farms of meat direction, 6 times - at poultry farms of egg direction, and 1.5 times - at second-order breeding farms. Permanent veterinary and sanitary control over the transportation of chickens for slaughter allowed to reduce the number of birds not allowed to slaughter 3.06 times, the number of rejected carcasses - 1.38 times. A satisfactory level of disinfection quality, negative results of bacteriological examination of products confirm the effectiveness of production veterinary and sanitary control aimed at reducing the risk of production of unsafe poultry products.

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА МЯСА УТКИ

Food safety should be understood as the absence of danger to human health when it is consumed. Duck meat has a high nutritional and biological value, however, when eating poor-quality duck meat, there is a risk of food poisoning and toxic infection. In this regard, there are acute problems associated with increasing responsibility for the effectiveness and objectivity of quality control of duck meat, which guarantees its safety for the health of the consumer. In this research work, duck carcasses with byproducts were tested in terms of quality and safety. All studies were carried out in accordance with GOST 31990-2012 “Duck meat (carcasses and parts thereof). General technical conditions . During the research, the following indicators were determined: the degree of exsanguination, the presence of hypostases, fatness and the presence of pathological changes in organs and tissues; the presence of post-mortem changes in the meat, the appearance and color of the carcass surface, the color of adipose tissue, the condition of the serous membranes, the condition of the muscles in the cut, the consistency, the smell of the carcass, the transparency and aroma of the broth; the amount of volatile fatty acids, primary protein breakdown products, ammonia and ammonium salts, acid and peroxide value of fat, peroxidase in meat, melting point of fat, pH of meat, content of proteins, fats and moisture in meat by conventional methods regulated by current regulatory documents. Compliance with the algorithm and an integrated approach in the implementation of veterinary and sanitary control when handling duck meat allows us to provide the consumer with safe products. The studied samples of duck meat meet the requirements of the normative and technical documentation, in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and microscopic indicators and are recognized as benign.

The concept of state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision

The concept of state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision

Technological aspects of veterinary and sanitary control and safety of consumption of fin-footed mammals

The meat of fin-footed mammals contains complete protein with high biological value, as well as vitamins and minerals that are so necessary for the vital functions of the human body in the Far North. Nowadays fin-footed mammals are hunted only to provide food for indigenous people. In accordance with this, it was found that the procedure of the determination of the quality and safety of products obtained from marine mammals is outdated and requires changes. It is necessary to include in the regulatory and technical framework (GOST, SanPin) this type of meat and by-products of marine mammals, since this type of product is specific and the norms suitable for meat of all other slaughtered animals do not quite fit this category of meat because they do not contain indicators characterizing the quality and first of all, the safety of this type of product. The article considers the organization of the development of quota allocations for the fishing of marine mammals in the Chukotka Autonomous Region and the organization of veterinary and sanitary inspection of the products of slaughter of commercial animals.

Private equity firm buys Unibloc Pump

May River Capital, a Chicago-based private equity firm, has acquired Unibloc Pump, a US manufacturer of positive displacement pumps, strainers, valves, bubble traps and other solutions for sanitary flow control applications.

Очаги нозокомиальной кори в России в 2011–2019 гг.

Objective. To identify the main causes of nosocomial measles outbreaks and factors that caused stable secondary transmission of this infection in healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. We analyzed 336 nosocomial measles outbreaks according to the data from 1521 ‘Reports of epidemiological investigation of measles cases…’ registered between 2011 and 2019. We performed operational and retrospective epidemiological analysis, as well as evaluation and descriptive analysis. Results. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that nosocomial measles outbreaks were registered every year with the number of reported cases ranging from 7 (in 2011) to 105 (in 2018). Most frequently, outbreaks were registered in infectious disease hospitals (32%) and departments for infectious diseases in multidisciplinary hospitals among patients with acute respiratory viral infections (28.1%). Less frequently, measles was diagnosed among patients treated in other hospital departments, dispensaries (18.6%), admission departments (11.8%), and polyclinics (9.5%). The factors that contributed to the emergence of nosocomial measles outbreaks included no alertness for measles among doctors and poor epidemic prevention and control in hospitals. Conclusion. To reduce the incidence of nosocomial measles, it is necessary to ensure that patients admitted to hospitals (nonemergency hospitalization) and caregivers have information about measles vaccinations. It is also important to increase the vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals and promote compliance with sanitary and epidemiological control measures in hospitals. Key words: vaccination, nosocomial outbreaks, measles