Salivary Gland Virus Research Articles

Letter: Rabies virus in bats' brain and salivary glands.

Letter: Rabies virus in bats' brain and salivary glands.

Experimental rabies infection in wild rodents.

The potential for wild rodents to serve as inapparent rabies reservoirs in nature has not been well evaluated. In this study five species of rodents were inoculated intramuscularly with rabies virus derived from naturally infected wild animals. Inoculated rodents were observed for behavioral changes, and those which died were tested for rabies. Differences in species susceptibility and salivary gland virus tropism were noted and discussed as these factors might affect the epidemiological potential of rabies in wild rodents.

Entebbe bat salivary gland virus: electron microscopic study of morphology and development in new born mice.

An ultrastructural study has been undertaken of the morphology and development of Entebbe bat salivary gland virus in new born mouse brain. Particles, 35 mμ in diameter, were present in neurons of infected mice. A possible developmental sequence involving neurotubules and endoplasmic reticulum is proposed.

Replication of mouse salivary gland virus in secondary mouse embryo cells

The replication of mouse salivary gland virus in mouse embryo cells was characterized by initiation of cell-associated virus accumulation at 16 to 20 hours post infection and free virus accumulation 20 to 24 hours post infection. Furthermore, the onset of cytopathic effects at 20 hours post infection coincided with development of infectious virus. MSGV synthesis was inhibited in the presence of FUdR under conditions where replication of VSV, an RNA virus, was unaffected.

Bat salivary gland virus carrier state in a naturally infected Mexican freetail bat.

SummaryFour of 46 weak and nonflying Mexican free-tail bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) captured in Frio Cave, Uvalde County, Texas, were found to be infected with bat salivary gland virus. One of these four bats survived and was maintained in a nonhibernating state in the laboratory, and bat salivary gland virus was recovered from the saliva on 10 occasions over a period of 309 days after the bat was captured.

CONGENITAL CEREBRAL GRANULOMAS

Four cases of congenital cerebral granulomas occurring in male siblings who died during the first 24 hours of life are presented. The lesions are suggestive of toxoplasmosis and salivary gland virus disease. However, the repeated occurrence in siblings and the inability to demonstrate organisms or inclusions make these diagnoses unlikely. The cases reported probably constitute a previously undescribed clinical and pathologic entity.

On the ultrastructure of the salivary gland virus in generalized cytomegalic disease

Die Ultrastruktur des menschlichen Speicheldrusen-Virus (Cytomegalie-Virus) wurde elektronenoptisch nach kombinierter Formol- und Osmiumsaurefixation sowie Kaliumpermagnat-Kontrastierung bei einem Fall von generalisierter Cytomegalic untersucht. Die 20µ grosen Riesenzellen in Lunge und Herzmuskel enthielten im Zellkern einen 6µ grosen, aus Chromatinbrockeln und Viruspartikeln bestehenden Kern-Einschluskorper sowie zahlreiche Virusaggregate in membranbegrenzten Cytoplasmavacuolen. Die reifen Viruspartikel waren durchschnittlich 100 mµ gros, von einer 30 A dicken Membran umgeben und hatten eine polygonale, zumeist hexagonale Form. Jedes Viruspartikel war durch eine charakteristische Innenstruktur mit zentralem, 40 mµ grosen Nucleoid und einem 20–30 mµ breiten Kapsid gekennzeichnet. Das Kapsid war an der inneren und auseren Begrenzung jeweils von einer optisch hellen Zone umgeben und aus feinsten, kristallgitterartig angeordneten blaschenformigen Strukturen zusammengesetzt, die als Aquivalentbilder der Kapsomeren bei der Negative-staining-Technik anzusehen sind. Auserdem fanden sich 500 mµ grose Vacuolen mit dichtgepackten, 25 A grosen blaschenformigen Partikeln.

IMMUNOLOGIC COMPETENCE AND INDUCTION OF NEOPLASMS BY POLYOMA VIRUS.

SummaryThymectomy at 3 days of age in several inbred strains of mice and in an F1 hybrid resulted in a strikingly increased frequency of neoplasms following infection with polyoma virus. Age susceptibility was extended to at least 30 days of age in highly resistant C57BL mice. The usual stigmata associated with thymectomy at birth were not found in the 3-day thymectomized mice. Nonetheless the methods used to restore immunologically deficient thymectomized neonates were also effective in restoring the capacity to resist polyoma virus tumor induction: adult syngeneic spleen cells, thymus tissue in Millipore diffusion chambers and syngeneic thymus grafts. Growth curves of polyoma virus in kidney, salivary glands and liver were quite similar in thymectomized and intact litter mates. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies determined periodically up to 30 days after infection were also similar in both groups. These results are discussed in terms of a concept involving virus-specific “tumor” antigens and the im...

CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA.

Excerpt Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID), the result of infection with the salivary gland virus (SGV), has been reported frequently as a cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns and infants....

Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and microchemical observations on cytomegalovirus (salivary gland virus) infection of human cells in tissue culture

The cytoplasmic body that forms, in addition to the nuclear inclusion, in cells infected with cytomegalovirus has been shown to be an aggregate of lysosomes. These lysosomes appear and surround viruses as they are released from the nucleus. The extent of inactivation of the virus remains to be determined. The outer of the two coats of CMV is derived from the inner nuclear membrane during the exodus of the virus from the nucleus.

INTERFERON PRODUCTION IN VITRO BY CELLS INFECTED WITH THE MURINE SALIVARY GLAND VIRUS.

SummaryUsing a heterologous virus-cell system, an EMC virus interfering substance having many properties similar to those of interferon(3,4) was detected in the growth medium from mouse embryo cell cultures infected with the murine salivary gland virus. The interfering material was non-dialyzable, heat labile at 60°C for one hour, stable at pH 2, not affected by MSGV antiserum, not sedimented at 90,000 X g, and was active in a cell system unable to support MSGV replication. In infected cultures, the rise in MSGV titer was associated with a corresponding rise in the interferon activity. Efforts to relate interferon production to latency in vivo are in progress.The authors would like to thank Mr. John Gehrke for his excellent technical assistance.

RETINAL INVOLVEMENT IN ADULT CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE.

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the clinical entity known as cytomegalic inclusion disease or generalized salivary gland virus disease. This multisystem viral disease is characterized histologically by the peculiar giant cells with intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions.1The disease is primarily of interest to the pediatrician since it occurs most commonly in the newborn and is manifested by prematurity, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurological involvement.2In addition, these affected infants frequently have chorioretinitis, and the disease therefore becomes of particular interest to the ophthalmologist as well.3-6Because of the chorioretinal findings and the frequent finding of intracranial calcification, clinical differentiation from toxoplasmosis is difficult.3Besides the generalized form in the newborn, it has been reported that the inclusions occur in the salivary glands of 8% to 32% of infants and young children who die from various causes.7 The disease in the

Mouse salivary gland virus plaque assay on a stable line of mouse embryo cells.

Mouse salivary gland virus plaque assay on a stable line of mouse embryo cells.

TESTS IN HAMSTERS FOR ONCOGENIC QUALITY OF ORDINARY VIRUSES INCLUDING ADENOVIRUS TYPE 7.

SummaryStudies were conducted to measure the in vivo oncogenic potential of a variety of “ordinary” viruses. Adenovirus 1, 2, 7, 12 and 18, influenza A2, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial, mumps, measles, rhinovirus 11, 23 and 30, poliovirus 3, salivary gland virus, varicella, pneumonia virus of mice, Rous sarcoma, visceral lym-phomatosis and resistance-inducing factor (avian leucosis) viruses were tested for ability to induce tumors in hamsters inoculated when newborn, A majority of animals given adenovirus types 12 or 18 developed tumors. Additionally, a portion of animals which received type 7 adenovirus developed sarcomas. Evidence is presented for the significance of type 7 adenovirus in tumor development. Two animals given Bryan's Rous sarcoma virus also developed sarcomas. None of the animals which received any of the other viruses presented significant evidence for induction of malignancy. Studies of additional viruses are in progress.Addendum: Since the time the present manuscript w...

EFFECT OF AMINOPTERIN ON THE REPLICATION OF THE MURINE SALIVARY GLAND VIRUS.

RECENT evidence has indicated that the synthesis of DNA viruses is prevented by specific DNA inhibitors while the synthesis of RNA viruses is not affected1–3. On this basis, therefore, experiments were undertaken to determine if aminopterin (4 amino-pteroylglutamic acid), a folic acid antagonist, would block the replication of the murine salivary gland virus (MSGV) in tissue culture. In the presence of adenine and glycine the antifolic drugs have been shown specifically to block the formation of DNA in mammalian cell cultures3. Under such conditions the antifolics will inhibit replication of DNA but not RNA viruses2,3.

VIRUS TRANSMISSION STUDIES WITH TRANIDADIAN MOSQUITOES IV. KAIRI VIRUS.

This reports infectability of several Trinidadian mosquitoes with Kairi virus. Mosquitoes were inoculated and salivary gland virus was passaged weekly: for 5 weeks in Aedes scapularis , 4 weeks in A. taeniorhynchus , 1 week in Mansonia titillans and 3 weeks in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus . All 4 species transmitted Kairi virus by the bite of single mosquitoes after extrinsic incubation for 14–19 days. An attempt to infect A. scapularis by feeding on an infected mouse failed. C. pipiens quinquefasciatus does not appear to be a suitable host for Kairi virus.

Micropolygyria and cerebral calcification in cytomegalic inclusion disease

Two cases of generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease in the newborn with calcification of the brain and cerebral micropolygyria are described and the literature on the neuropathological findings in this disease is reviewed. On the basis of the pathological findings the view is held that the salivary gland virus passing the placental barrier can provoke selective brain damage and true malformation in the embryo, and severe generalized disease in the newborn.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PLAQUE METHOD FOR THE MURINE SALIVARY GLAND VIRUS.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PLAQUE METHOD FOR THE MURINE SALIVARY GLAND VIRUS.

MORPHOLOGY OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (SALIVARY GLAND VIRUS).

Smith, Kendall O. (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas) and Lucy Rasmussen. Morphology of cytomegalovirus (salivary gland virus). J. Bacteriol. 85:1319-1325. 1963.-The size and fine structure of cytomegalovirus was compared with that of herpes virus. Cytomegalovirus stains as a DNA virus and is almost identical in size to herpes virus. Both viruses have enveloped forms and display protein membrane subunits which are almost identical in number, size, and arrangement. Cytomegalovirus closely resembles herpes virus produced early in its growth cycle (9 hr) in that most of the particles are coreless and somewhat ragged in appearance. The particle-infectivity ratio with cytomegalovirus is extremely high, approximating 10(7) to 10(8). Although the average yield per cell was approximately 10,000 particles, only about one infectious unit per 1,000 cells was obtained. The biological explanation for this inefficiency of infectious virus synthesis is presently unknown, but the physical explanation appears to be that the nucleic acid cores are not complete. Not one particle was found, among over 1,000 examined, which stained as if it had a complete core.

Studies of mouse salivary gland virus disease—I: RNA, DNA and PAS reactions in SGV-infected liver

Salivary gland virus (SGV) intranuclear inclusions contained RNA and increased amount of glycoproteins. Olycogen and glycoproteins in the cytoplasm of inclusion-bearing cells may be sources of substances essential for the formation of viral nucleic acid glycoprotein complexes. The halo encircling the inclusion body is probably an artefict of aggregation, dehydration or both.