Russian Studies Research Articles

The educational text in integrative teaching of Russian as a native language in schools of Kazakhstan

Relevance. Language teaching in schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) is implemented considering all current trends and includes the use of innovative methods. Special attention in the process of language education in schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan is paid to the study of Kazakh, English, and Russian languages.Purpose. The purpose is to conduct an investigation on the linguodidactic possibilities of integrated learning among students in educational institutions with Russian as the language of instruction and to assess the effectiveness of the author�s integrated course in teaching the Russian language as a native language.Methodology. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, observing the educational process, and a specially developed author�s experimental programme of integrative teaching of the Russian language in communication lessons were used.Results. The study describes the linguodidactic possibilities of integrative teaching of the Russian language in the conditions of updating the content of school education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The possibilities of the educational text in teaching Russian as a native language are described. An attempt is made to identify the educational potential of the educational text as an integrative category. A study was conducted among tenth-grade students of the Municipal State Institution �Secondary School No. 125� of Almaty, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed experimental programme of integrative learning. Examples of specific tasks from the tested experimental programme are given and their effectiveness is determined. The views of teachers and schoolchildren on the approved programme and its effectiveness are identified.Conclusions. The results can be used by teachers of the Russian language in schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan to improve the quality of the educational process, by the management of educational institutions when compiling a school educational programme and introducing integrative courses into it.

Transformation of secondary vocational education in the context of technological changes

Introduction. Modern socio-economic realities associated with a new technological transition necessitate serious structural and substantive changes in the system of vocational education and training. In the 21st century, most countries of the world have faced increasing problems of inconsistency of the structure of modern vocational education with the new technological order and changing personnel demands of the economy. The problems are particularly acute in the Russian system of secondary vocational education, which has been in the mode of reform since the mid-90s of the last century and is designed to play a major role in professional self-determination and the formation of youth.Purpose setting. The objectives of the article are to analyze trends and factors that determine the need for status, structural and substantive changes in the Russian system of vocational education and training.Methodology and methods of the study. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the theory of continuing professional education (A. M. Novikov), integrative theory of multilevel continuing professional education (A. P. Belyaeva), professionology (E. F. Zeer), skills of the 21st century (A. J. Rotherham, D. Willingham). Methods of comparative and retrospective analysis of statistical data of Russian and international studies, content analysis of websites of secondary vocational education institutions were used in the work.Results. The results of the study are: the analysis of trends and factors determining changes and improving the efficiency of the functioning of vocational education and training systems; identification of factors of synchronization of the Russian system of secondary vocational education, the labor market and the personnel needs of enterprises; substantiation of the need for status and structural changes in the system of Russian secondary vocational education.Conclusions. The practical significance of the research is to demonstrate the possibilities of retrospective, prognostic and comparative analyses in assessing the activities of secondary vocational education and training institutions, their transformation into other educational systems.

Социальная политика в отношении лиц пенсионного возраста в условиях пандемии: исследование отечественного и зарубежного опыта

Persons of retirement age are the most vulnerable category of citizens requiring support from the state during a pandemic. The article considers social support measures, as well as measures taken in various states and aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality rate among the population (self-isolation regime, transition to remote work, mask regime, recommendations for visiting public places at certain hours). Based on an analysis of social policy and measures implemented in these countries, measures have been proposed to increase social guarantees in Russia against persons of retirement age during the coronavirus pandemic.

Tuberous sclerosis associated with congenital lymphedema

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease characterized by the formation of multiple hamartomas in various organs and tissues. Although tuberous sclerosis is considered to be a rare condition, it is among the most common genetic diseases. According to the literature, 16 cases of tuberous sclerosis associated with congenital lymphedema have been revealed from 1984 in scientific publications. Only four of these cases were described in male patients. Such combinations have not been yet described in the Russian studies. The article discusses different aspects of a rare clinical case presented by the combination of tuberous sclerosis with congenital lymphedema in a male patient aged 1 year and 6 months.

The application of diagnostic methods for disturbance of reading and writing in Russian population studies

Dyslexia (disturbance of reading) and dysgraphia (disturbance of writing) are a common problem of teaching children in secondary schools. Information on the prevalence of these conditions is ambiguous, the data presented in the Russian speech therapy literature differ from the results of a few foreign works, and therefore population studies are becoming particularly relevant. The review of the domestic methodological base with the prospect of application in population research and international approaches to population screening are presented.

Comparative Analysis of European and Russian Studies on the Life and Works of Alisher Navoi

In the article, the issue of studying the comparative analysis of the study of the work of Alisher Navoi by European and Russian orientalists is considered. The works of scientists, given the huge source base, are distinguished by diversity, differences in approaches and interpretations. Nowadays, there are so many translations and works on the study of the works of Alisher Navoi that they require periodic systematization and analysis. From this point of view, the study of the problem of perception and interpretation of such a bright classic in oriental studies in Europe and Russia in the 20th–21st centuries is important. The need for studying the work of Alisher Navoi in European and Russian oriental studies also provided a versatile approach to the analysis of literary text. The main branch of oriental studies of the twentieth century of Russian Navoi studies is the study of works of a figurative nature. The descriptions and reviews of the works of Alisher Navoi are studied separately. The scientific skill in the research of Russian scientists of the 20th century is studied and the features of the translation of Alisher Navoi’s works, characteristic of modern translators, are highlighted. Basically, the modern period is characterized by the systematization and compilation of catalogs of existing works. The purpose of the study is to thoroughly study European and Russian Navoi studies of the 20th–21st centuries, to give a correct assessment of the creative heritage of Alisher Navoi, comparatively examining the works of European and Russian orientalists. In the course of a systematic analysis of the following research tasks, a review of the history of studying the poet’s works in Europe and Russia was made, the most significant scientific works on the work of Alisher Navoi were highlighted both in Europe and in Russia. The problems of scientific excellence in the research of European and Russian scientists of the 20th–21st centuries were studied.

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal stenosis. Literature review

This analysis is based on the study of Russian and foreign literature sources devoted to both high-tech and routine methods of studying the lacrimal drainage system, as well as the description of modern methods of conservative and surgical treatment of lacrimal stenosis. This article gives information about advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of diagnosis and treatment of obliteration of the lacrimal tract, highlights the questions of their usage in dacryology.

Perceptions of War-Peace and Ukraine-Russia in Textbooks Corresponding to Russia and Ukraine Social Studies Course

This study examined how the perceptions of war and peace and the perceptions of both countries towards each other are handled in the textbooks corresponding to social studies course in Russia and Ukraine. The analysis of the compared textbooks in terms of targeted images is also related to the current Russia-Ukraine war. In this study designed as qualitative research, the data were obtained through descriptive analysis. The first finding of the study revealed that in the textbooks analysed in terms of the frequency of use of the concepts of war and peace and the target country-nation expression; the concept of war is more frequent than the concept of peace at all grade levels in both countries. The second finding showed that in general, the Ukrainian-Ukraine image in Russian social studies textbooks is neutral, while the Russian-Russia image in Ukrainian history textbooks is negative. Another finding of the study is that the Russian and Ukrainian social studies textbooks use various visuals that evoke the concepts of war and peace. The last finding of the study revealed that various metaphors, implicit messages, or slogan-like expressions in terms of the concept of war, peace and target country-nation were encountered in the textbooks corresponding to social studies course in Russia and Ukraine.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГРАНИЦ В РОССИИ В ЗЕРКАЛЕ БИБЛИОМЕТРИИ

Border studies as interdisciplinary field have been developing in Russia since the 1990s, but only in recent years have they become the subject of scientific reflection, which occurs mainly in the format of private expert assessments. The purpose of the article is a quantitative analysis of the state and trends in the dynamics of Russian border studies based on bibliometric data extracted from the eLIBRARY.RU publication database. Bibliometric analysis made it possible to identify the periodization of ups and downs in the publication activity of border researchers and consumers of their knowledge, the scale of this scientific field, its disciplinary composition and geography, to highlight some features of the problems of Russian border studies and to assess the level of their internal unity. Expert opinions were confirmed about the high fragmentation of domestic border studies and the weak tendencies of their theoretical, methodological and conceptual consolidation. It has been suggested that a polynuclear network structure of this scientific field is being formed, and that for now the leading role in the processes of its gradual integration is played by the transdisciplinary dissemination of quantitative methods and the solution of synthetic applied problems.

О развитии арктических исследований через призму наукометрии

There are still few Russian studies on quantitative measurements of Arctic science that could help create a holistic picture of developing research, compare the contributions of individual countries, and assess Russia’s scientific potential. The performed scientometric analysis partly fills this gap, relying on multiple sources: bibliographic databases Web of Science Core Collection and DIMENSIONS; grant databases of Russia, the USA and Germany. The analysis revealed: 1) the fast growth of Arctic publications in the period 1980–2020 with an average annual rate of 5 % after 2008, which is similar to some high-tech fields; 2) increasing globalisation of research performed by scientists from more than 100 countries; 3) changes in Arctic research interests, including long-term trends (socialisation of research, decreasing share of works on geology and physical geography) and fast new trends (increasing share of publications on economics and technologies of industry 4.0). According to calculations, Russia is third among countries in terms of the number of Arctic publications in the Web of Science Core Collection database, significantly contributing to highly cited papers; however, this contribution may be negatively affected by a decline in the share of Russian publications with international co-authorship. Thanks to its traditionally strong position, the Russian Academy of Sciences remains the leading centre of global Arctic research; within the country, it promotes Arctic science through its regional branches and institutes, as well as supports the intensification of university studies. The abstracts of selected 2023 Arctic grants reflect the topics of some future publications; for example, their analysis showed different attitudes towards the role of the climate factor in Arctic research: excessive focus of projects supported by foreign funds and a more balanced approach in Russian projects.

Fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine (Neodolpasse) for postoperative pain relief. Review of the results of international and Russian studies

Fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine (Neodolpasse) for postoperative pain relief. Review of the results of international and Russian studies

Russian study on brain aneurysm surgery: a continuation (RIHA II)

To assess the main performance indicators of neurosurgical departments in surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the Russian Federation. We analyzed 22 neurosurgical departments (19 regional and 3 federal hospitals) in 2017 and 2021. The study enrolled 6.135 patients including 3.160 ones in 2017 and 2.975 ones in 2021. We studied the features of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in different volume hospitals and factors influencing postoperative outcomes. The number of surgeries for cerebral aneurysms decreased from 2.950 in 2017 to 2.711 in 2021. Postoperative mortality rate was 6.3% and 5.6%, respectively. The number of microsurgical interventions decreased from 60% in 2017 to 48% in 2021. The share of endovascular interventions increased from 40% to 52%, respectively. Endovascular embolization was accompanied by stenting in 55% of cases. Simultaneous revascularization was carried out in 2% of cases. In 2021, the number of patients undergoing surgery in acute period of hemorrhage increased to 70% (in 2017 - 61%). The number of hospitals performing more than 50 surgical interventions for cerebral aneurysms annually increased from 14 in 2017 to 17 in 2021. Certain changes in neurosurgical service occurred in 2021 compared to 2017. Lower number of surgical interventions for cerebral aneurysms, most likely caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, is accompanied by lower postoperative mortality. Endovascular interventions and revascularization techniques became more common. The number of surgeries in acute period after aneurysm rupture and hospitals performing more than 50 surgical interventions for cerebral aneurysms annually increased.

Keeping the Memory of the Past: Toponymic Space of Historical Circassia. Review of the book: Еmykova N. H. Istoricheskaia toponimiia Zapadnoi Cherkesii. Po materialam russkikh dokumentov XVIII–XIX vv. Chast’ pervaia: Abadzekhiia [Historical Toponymy of Western Circassia. Based on the Materials from Russian Documents of the 18th–19th Centuries. Part 1: Abadzekhia]. Maykop: Poligraph-Yug, 2021. 768 p.

The reviewed work represents the first instalment of a comprehensive project aimed at studying the historical toponymy of Western Circassia. This volume focuses on the geographical names of the Abadzekhia region. Since many of these toponyms have fallen out of use, their documentation, analysis, and interpretation rely primarily on the study of 18th and 19th-century Russian documents, including military maps, historical and ethnographic texts, and military and topographic descriptions of the area. Additionally, the author incorporates folklore references to geographical features of Abadzekhia. In total, approximately one thousand toponyms, encompassing both natural features and oikonyms, have been identified and mapped onto a modern representation of the North-West Caucasus. The dictionary entries, arranged alphabetically, consolidate all known spelling variants of each toponym, facilitating their semiotic reconstruction. Given the linguistic differences between Russian and Adyghe (Circassian), reconstructing the original pronunciation and etymology of the toponyms presents challenges. To address this, the author identified and utilised over five hundred Adyghe topographical elements frequently found in local place names. The work employs data and methodologies from various disciplines — linguistics, folklore, history, geography, ethnography, and archaeology — lending it an interdisciplinary nature. The scholarly apparatus of the publication, particularly the compilation of documents and literature, holds intrinsic value, offering a concise history of Circassian toponymy and providing a comprehensive overview of the book’s source material. This publication will undoubtedly be of significant interest to specialists in Adyghe toponymy as well as to local historians and guides.

«Долгое путешествие в ночь» Юджина О’Нила в Северной и Южной Америке

This article is focused on the reconstruction of major stage productions based on Eugene O’Neill’s autobiographical play Long Day’s Journey into Night (1941). The author reviews the American tragedy staged by Latin American directors Jose Quintero (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York, 1956) and Luciano Suardi (Teatro San Martin, Buenos Aires, 2023). Special attention is paid to the first screen version of the play (directed by Sidney Lumet, USA, 1962) and its last staging on Broadway (directed by Jonathan Kent, American Airlines Theatre, New York, 2016). Also under scrutiny are Eugene O’Neill’s private correspondence with the Spanish translator of his plays Leon Mirlas and the negotiations held between director Elia Kazan and playwright’s widow Carlotta Monterey O’Neill. For the first time in the history of Russian theatre studies we see an attempt to identify the causes for a failed U.S. Premiere of O’Neill’s tragedy in 1956 under Kazan’s direction.

Indonesia, Islam, and Literature: Phenomenal Popularity of Sastra Islami

The goals of this paper are determined by the relevance of Islam in the light of modern Indonesian culture. For the first time in Russian oriental studies, an attempt has been made to determine the specifics of some literary texts that Indonesians call Muslim (literally “Islamic”) literature or sastra islami, which has been in demand for the local book market for two decades. The demand for this literature comes from the “observing” Muslim public of Indonesia, and is quite easily explained by the long period of neglecting the role of Islam in the sociopolitical life of the country. After the fall of the Suharto regime (since 1998), Islam gradually transformed from a marginalized subculture to its mainstream status, slowly displacing the liberal pro-feminist cluster of sastra wangi literature which was on top of its popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Along with the strengthening of religious discourse, “new classic” works of certain engaged authors help the self-identification of some Indonesian youth (this is especially noticeable among the female audience) through the Muslim metanarrative. The phenomenon of sastra islami is widespread, and its commercial success is confirmed not only by the circulation of numerous re-releases, but also by box-office film adaptations. The main sources for this paper are two novels by the popular Indonesian writer Habiburrahman El Shirazy, also known as Kang Abik (“Verses of Love”, 2004 and “Land of Love”, 2005), the novel used as an additional source is “The Sinking of the ‘Van der Wijk’” (1938) by Haji Abdullah Malik Karim Amrullah, also known as Hamka (an abbreviation of his full name). Significant novels of these authors became “new classic” examples of Muslim modification of mass literature. In its core these books unfold fascinating stories about young Indonesians in outstanding circumstances, according to main plot structure all the good heroes who follow the path of Islam are rewarded, and the unrighteous ones are punished. Constant retelling of the al-Quran and the Hadiths by the characters of the novels helps to popularize the sacred texts for the common reader. Film adaptations provide proselytizing activity — attracting new audiences and involving them in the world of Islam. The main conclusion of this paper is that sastra islami is both a phenomenon of Indonesian pop-culture and strong element of the cultural identity of Muslim Indonesians, since the principle of adab literature “entertaining means teaching” dates back to the times of the entry of Islam into the world of Nusantara and since the very same times of adaptions of the traditional Arabic and Persian texts.

«Дорогой Михаил Михайлович! Я назначен редактором Вашей книги...»: из истории издания «Проблем поэтики Достоевского»

The background and publication history of Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics is an important part of the scholarly biography and reception of Mikhail Bakhtin’s personality and ideas. The second edition of this work, which appeared in 1963, marked a new milestone in the development of Russian literary studies, combining the best traditions of the literary scholarship of the pre-revolutionary period and the first post-revolutionary decade and the new trends of the post-Stalin era humanities. Refuting the myth that the 1929 book on Dostoevsky had been forgotten, the authors emphasize that by the mid-1950s and early 1960s it was well remembered by a large number of Soviet literary critics. Anatoly Lunacharsky’s review in the anthology F.M. Dostoevsky in Russian Criticism (1956) only strengthened the authority and relevance of Bakhtin’s old monograph, which was borne out by the extensive polemic with this work, in particular in Viktor Shklovsky’s book Pro et Contra (1957) and in the collection F.M. Dostoevsky’s Oeuvre (1959), whose authors strongly objected to Bakhtin’s polyphonic novel theory. The article pays special attention to the activities of Sergey Bocharov as the editor of the book, revealing his contribution to the work on the manuscript. The article introduces a number of previously unknown archival documents, including fragments of correspondence between Bocharov and Bakhtin in 1962-1963. It also contains the memoirs of Bocharov and Vadim Kozhinov, studies by Nikolay Pankov, etc. The letters of Bakhtin and Bocharov represent a kind of a dialogue between the author and the editor, in which the proposed changes were discussed. Bocharov’s editorial “intervention” was quite limited and as tactful as possible. None of the principles of the 1929 book was corrected. All of Bakhtin’s additions, including the new fourth chapter, were approved. The alterations affected the philosophical terminology of the book (it became simpler and clearer to the modern reader), individual quotations from Dostoyevsky were expanded, and the structure of paragraphs was partially changed. On this basis, it is concluded that Bocharov’s efforts to revise the manuscript were in fact more significant than what he claimed to have done in his lifetime, and the words of gratitude expressed by Bakhtin to his editor in his letters receive further validation. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ВОДОРОДНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ С УЧЕТОМ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ОТРАСЛЕВОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ

This article studies the conditions for developing hydrogen energy, taking into account for-eign and domestic experience. It focuses on the sectoral usage of hydrogen in Russian regions given the restructuring of the energy sector to reduce resource capacity and increase energy efficiency, including through the use of renewable sources and the development of hydrogen energy. The study determines the conditions for developing hydrogen energy in Russian regions, taking into account location, sectoral spe-cialization, and export opportunities. The research uses methods of the systematization, analysis, and com-parison of analytical data from Russian and international studies on the development of hydrogen energy. The hypothesis is that the heterogeneity of the conditions for the development of hydrogen energy in Rus-sian regions determines their different potential: the localization of the extractive industry, a strong indus-trial base, and energy efficiency are starting advantages for the introduction of hydrogen technologies. The article focuses on the identification of the general and specific conditions contributing to the development of hydrogen energy in Russian regions and an assessment of successful world practices for the national economy and individual regions. The results supplement the theoretical aspects and systematize the data of cases of hydrogen energy development and highlight the spatial development of hydrogen energy infra-structure. This allows regions to diversify sources of GRP growth, integrate innovative solutions, and im-prove the efficiency of industry and the economy as a whole.

Russian multiple-center study of efficacy and safety of cyclobenzaprine for nonspecific neck and low back pain

Russian multiple-center study of efficacy and safety of cyclobenzaprine for nonspecific neck and low back pain

SPANISH PUPPET THEATER OF 17TH CENTURY SEVILLE

In the history of world theater studies, there has been a tradition of identifying puppet theater as a separate art direction, isolating it from the current theatrical process. If you open the article by B. V. Goldovsky’s “Puppet Theater” in the modern “Great Soviet Encyclopedia”, then from the definition it is obvious that puppet theater belongs to theatrical art. In the tradition of Western and domestic theater studies, it is customary to view history through the prism of the biographies of authors woven into the fabric of the historical context, as well as the surviving texts of plays. Based on this method, bypassing historical documents, over the centuries a picture of the formation of professional theater has emerged. With the advent of computer technology and the beginning of the process of digitization of archives, it became possible to work with documentary primary sources. That is why it is necessary to re-clarify and supplement existing information in order to have a correct understanding of the history of world theater, which certainly influences the modern theatrical process. Spanish puppet theater, unfortunately, also became an exception from teaching aids, although throughout the history of the theater, puppet shows accompanied performances in the Corrals and enjoyed no less success with the public. The center of development of puppet theater in the 16th century was Seville, which was experiencing the Golden Age of theatrical culture. Thanks to the successful completion of the archive digitization process, based on primary sources, it is possible to reconstruct the puppet theater and compare it with modern analogues. Since there are no monographs on Spanish puppet theater in Russian theater studies, the purpose of the article is to draw attention to the relevance of the problem and clarify key points using the example of the reconstruction of the performance of the troupe of V. Colomer in the Monteria Corral in Seville in the 17th century.

ФИЛОСОФСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ Д. В. ПИВОВАРОВА: ВЕКТОРЫ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ДУХОВНОСТИ

The relevance of the study of D. V. Pivovarov’s philosophical heritage, his proposed approach to under¬standing religious spirituality, the developed concept of forms of religion and religiosity (cosmocentrism, egocentrism, sociocentrism) is related to the fact that today Russia is in search of that spiritual foundation that could unite all Rus¬sians. The purpose of the article is to show the methodological possibilities of applying D. V. Pivovarov’s concept to com¬prehend the phenomenon of «new spirituality» expressed through such concepts introduced by modern Russian legal acts: «Russian nation», «all-Russian civil identity», «common cultural (civilizational) code of the Russian people». To describe the approach of D.V. Pivovarov, the principles of system analysis are used, which allows us to evaluate the contribution of an outstanding Ural scientist to Russian religious studies; the judgments and conclusions of the author of the concept are used as methodological guidelines for the analysis of the phenomenon of «new spirituality». As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that it is possible to interpret the phenomenon of «new spirituality» as an attempt to create such a «solid core» of sacred values of the unified Russian culture, which will en¬sure the non-conflict coexistence of the ideals of cosmocentrism, sociocentrism and egocentrism. The practical significance is seen in the fact that, being an important methodological tool, the approach proposed by D. V. Pivovarov will find application in the study and explanation of new religious ideas and spiritual practices ad¬equate to the needs of the time, in the teaching of historical and religious studies courses, in assessing the effectiveness of mechanisms for strengthening Russian identity.