Russian Linguistic Culture Research Articles

Russian linguistic culture: the concept of “justice” as a nuclear unit of the conceptual field of “guardianship”

The article considers the main language universals realizing the concept of “justice” in the Russian language picture of the world, which forms the basic component of the concept of “guardianship.” This concept realizes the idea of guardianship in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian people as a social protection for the disadvantaged part of the population. The purpose of the study is to determine the internal content of the concept of “justice,” functioning in the Russian linguaculture and being the nuclear unit of the conceptual field of “guardianship.” The object of description is the concept of “justice” in the structure of the conceptual field of “guardianship.” The methodological part of the paper is based on the dialectical connection of the past with the present and the application of the conceptual apparatus, which has been formed both in the Historical and in Social Sciences: Sociology, Philosophy, Political Science, and Linguistics. An interdisciplinary method was used, including historiographical and ideographic methods, linguistic and linguacultural analysis, which together allowed the presentation of a systematic description of an axiologically significant socio-linguistic phenomenon; an introspective method on the basis of which the basic way of presenting information reflected in the scientific works of Russian scientists is based on the principle of free interpretation of the material. The authors conclude that the linguacultural core of the linguistic picture of the world consists of concepts that are verbalized in the mind of the individual and form conceptual fields with thematic content in it. A special role in didactic purposes is played by the concept of “guardianship,” occupying a special place in the linguistic picture of the world of the Russian people, as it reveals the features of the social structure in the system of the rule of law. From the linguistic and cultural point of view, the concept of “guardianship,” as a form of manifestation of charity in the Russian conceptosphere “spirituality”, reflects the idea of social and legal protection being based, first of all, on the idea of moral justice. Linguistic analysis revealed the transformation of the internal content of the word-concept “justice” in the Russian linguistic culture. Justice as an absolute virtue, correlated with the idea of universal well-being, co-exists in society in three forms, namely moral, legal, and political.

Петр и Павел: образы парных персонажей по лингвистическим данным (на материале английского, французского и русского языков)

The phraseological material of the English and French languages that includes appellative derivatives from personal names Peter ( Pierre ) and Paul is considered. Based on the analysis of paremiological, folklore and lexical material, the author draws conclusions about the nature of the microsystem of anthroponymic derivatives of these names. Some features inherent in the image of saints bearing these names in folk culture are revealed. It is shown that the images of Peter and Paul in texts and linguistic units embodied the motive of exchange (the meaning ‘one and /or another’ is realized), the motive of nearness to God, the motive of keeper of the gates of heaven, etc. The author also puts forward hypotheses concerning the motivation of some expressions. In addition, the image of Peter and Paul and the manifestation of this image at the linguistic level are also analyzed on the material of the Russian linguistic culture, in particular, the proverbs and charm text are given. A brief review of domestic research of pairness as a sacred concept is made, in which the author puts the material under consideration. The conclusions of the article are a comparison of the images of Peter and Paul reconstructed on the basis of linguistic data in the English, French and Russian linguistic cultures.

Образ Японии и особенности коммуникативного поведения японцев в русской лингвокультуре (на материале русской художественной литературы и публицистики)

Образ Японии и особенности коммуникативного поведения японцев в русской лингвокультуре (на материале русской художественной литературы и публицистики)

Representation of “Other” in Russian and German Media Discourse

The article is devoted to the opposition “we vs. they” in Russian and German linguistic cultures. Analysis of linguistic means representing this opposition allows identifying the national and cultural specificity of perception of the identified phenomena in nonrelative linguistic cultures. It is shown that the most frequently used strategies in the Russian and German media discourse are alteration and empathization. The most popular tactics and communicative turns of the particular strategies of representation of the “other” were exposed in the both media discourses. The discourse and contrastive analysis of Russian and German newspaper texts is used as the research method.

Межличностные отношения в шведской лингвокультуре сквозь призму устойчивых сравнений (на фоне русского языка)

The results of the analysis of stable similes of the Swedish language that characterize interpersonal relationships are presented. The purpose of this article is to reveal the national identity of the ways of expressing ideas about interpersonal relationships in the Swedish linguistic culture. Material for the study consists of expressions extracted from phraseological dictionaries of Swedish language; texts from Swedish literature and journalism, including the analyzed lexical units; the results of a survey of native speakers of the Swedish language, as well as data of the dictionaries of sustainable similes of the Russian language. Analysis of the Swedish phraseology is made against the corresponding fragment of the language picture of the world in Russian linguistic culture. The relevance and novelty of research is caused by absence at the moment of large-scale studies devoted to the analysis of Swedish stable similes in linguistic and cultural aspect, as well as the lack of the dictionary of Swedish stable similes and Russian-Swedish dictionary of stable similes. In the result of the analysis it can be stated that the ideographic field of stable similes of the Swedish language is significantly different in composition from the corresponding field in the Russian language. The linguistic facts of only three ideographic groups in this field have full or partial Russian equivalents. Units of other groups of considered field require detailed linguistic and cultural, and in some cases historical and etymological review when submitting them to the Russian-speaking audience.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ КАК КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ КОД ПОЗНАНИЯ И ДУХОВНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ПРЕДКОВ

The article is devoted to the actual topic of modern linguistics - the problem of studying phraseology as cognitive and semiotic layer of Russian linguistic culture. Its units naturally combine information about different aspects of folk life and its spiritual heritage. The aim of the article is to show cognitive, functional and semantic specificity of Russian idioms as cultural and confessional factors and operational units which form Russian phraseological world view. The material of the article are phraseological units taken with the help of continuous sampling method from established phraseological dictionaries and collections of Russian sayings and idioms. The key methos of the article is the descriptive method, but we have also used cognitive analysis, semantic modelling, interpretative analysis. It is for the first time when the analysis of phraseological units is used in a new branch of cultural linguistics - linguoconfessiology, while the phraseological units are considered as cultural and confessional marker, as a complex phraseoconfessionism. This aspect allows us to conclude that phraseological units are ethno- and confesionally marked structures and the result of world decomposition and categorization. The result of the research is the conclusion that phraseological layer of a national language presents fully and in a unique way the image of a national soul, shows civilization development of the ethnos and its ethical and confessional values, stereotypes, experience, wisdom, works out and implicitly presents the national way of world and life arrangement.

Устойчивые сравнения с эталонами старик, старичок, старуха, старушка в русской языковой картине мира (на фоне китайского языка)

The analysis of steady comparisons with the references of starik , starichok ‘the old man,’ starukha , starushka ‘the old woman’ is made on the background of the Chinese language. Based on the analysis, the extension of the set of grounds for each reference was revealed in comparison with units recorded in the dictionary, and also similarities and differences in the grounds for comparisons in the two linguistic cultures were identified. It is suggested that similarities are due to universal objective characteristics of the elderly: their physical condition, certain features of appearance and behaviour. The differences of the used grounds for the same reference in two languages lie in the fact that, firstly, the views about the mind, the wisdom of the old man in the minds of the representatives of the two cultures are diametrically divergent. The old man in the view of Russian native speakers - the standard of wisdom, and for native Chinese speakers - no. Secondly, lacunar grounds for comparisons for the Russian linguistic culture are ‘slow’ and ‘stubborn’ about the old man. Thirdly, the grounds ‘funny’ and ‘cute’ in relation to the old man are also not used in the Russian steady comparisons. These differences are due to the influence of Chinese media on the one hand, promoting active lifestyle of older people (‘funny’ and ‘cute’), on the other hand, introducing into linguistic consciousness of native speakers the image of the evil older woman (‘grumpy’ and ‘evil’).

ETHNOLINGUISTIC PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD: CONCEPT OF “MERCY” IN RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC CULTURE

В статье лингвистическая проблема взаимосвязи языка и мышления освещена с точки зрения лингвокультурологии и лингводидактики, основной задачей которых является формирование лингвокогнитивного сознания и национального менталитета личности. Цель работы – охарактеризовать понятие «милосердие» как концепт русской духовности и определить его место в русской лингвокультуре. Объектом исследования и материалом для анализа послужили лексемы русского языка (благотворительность и попечительство), образующие ядро концепта «милосердие», а предметом – русская языковая картина мира. Методологическая база: метод дескриптивного анализа, интроспективный, диахронический, синхронический и типологический и лингвистические методы.

Speech Etiquette in the Russian and Chinese Linguistic Communicative Cultures

Speech Etiquette in the Russian and Chinese Linguistic Communicative Cultures

Speech Etiquette in the Russian and Chinese Linguistic Communicative Cultures

This article is devoted to the solution of an important problem of the language - the study of the functions of speech etiquette in the Russian and Chinese linguistic world-images. Language is a part of culture. Culture includes the regulatory elements such as ideals, moral norms, traditions, customs, etc. Together they constitute social norms of behavior, compliance with which is an essential condition for saving the society as an integrated whole. The purpose of the study is to reveal the linguistic peculiarities of speech etiquette in the Russian and Chinese linguistic world-images. The speech etiquette in different communicative cultures is a subject of the study. In accordance with the purpose and subject of the study, we set the following tasks: • To define the content of speech etiquette in linguistic world-images. • To identify the national and cultural identity of speech etiquette in the Russian and Chinese communication cultures. In the course of the study, we used both empirical and theoretical methods of research. The first group included primarily the methods of the source and text studying, classification and the results analysis. The second group included the analysis method, aimed at investigating the overall dynamics of the subject, the system analysis method, enabling to consider the development and structure of the subject in their relationship by the results of the questioning.

An Academic Concept ‘University’ in a Linguistic Perception of German and Russian Students

The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by a significant position, that take up the academic values based on their linguocultural concepts in the modern world, the intensification of Russian-German communication in the field of education generating the need to create a comparative academic conceptuary. The article is aimed at a determination of the comparative characteristics of the academic concept of ‘university’ in the German and Russian linguistic cultures. The leading method in carrying out of this study is linguistic experiment (free association experiment). As a result of the experiment, it was found that the list of associated attributes that make up the core of the concept of ‘university’ in the associative-verbal network of German-speaking and Russian-speaking subjects of academic activities, similar to, but different degree of relevance of these features. The only significant difference fixed in the association experiment is the presence in the German linguoculture associative relationship with the freedom of the student community and the absence of such a mutual relation in the perceptions of Russian students. The materials of the article may be useful in lexicology of the German and Russian languages, training courses on geography and linguocultural studies of Russia and Germany, in the practice of Russian-German academic communication.

Communicative Category of Politeness in German and Russian Linguistic Culture

The article is devoted to the comparative analyses of politeness in Russian and German linguistic cultures. Ethnic and cultural peculiarity of politeness, defined as communicative category, is revealed on the basis of associative experiment research, conducted with participation of Russian and German respondents. In the analyzed ethnic societies we have established common and nationally specific strategies of positive and negative politeness. We have come to the conclusion that studying strategies characteristics of ethnic and cultural politeness, comprising obligatory component of cross-cultural competence and providing opportunity for cooperative, conflict free communication between different linguistic cultures’ representatives is perspective. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p497

Gluttonic nomination in Russian and British linguistic cultures

Gluttonic nomination in Russian and British linguistic cultures