Russian Linguistic Culture Research Articles

Переводческий дискурс 4.0: разнообразие форматов, жанров и трендов

The article considers the specific character of modern translation discourse, trends and opportunities of realization in the era of changes and global challenges. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to establish common and distinctive forms of expression and formats of translation discourse. The representative sources of three communicatively active discursive practices constitute the empirical base of the paper: scientific / translation studies translation discourse; professional / industry translation discourse; didactic translation discourse. The textual material of the discourse under consideration is analyzed in order to identify thematic dominants of three subtypes under consideration. The similarities and differences of the topics discussed by the translation community within the framework of the selected discursive practices are determined. Sources of translation discourse in Russian and German linguistic cultures were also involved in the analysis to identify common and distinctive features. The analysis revealed the tendency of the Russian-language translation discourse to be a more profound scientific search and substantiation of translation problems, and, on the contrary, the tendency of the German- and English-language discourses to discuss applied issues. The analyzed subtypes of translation discourse reveal certain unifying features: current challenges reaction rapidity, new phenomena and trends in society. However, these subtypes have translation tools of their own, traditions and formats that shape thematic dominants of each direction of the discourse. Thus, the paper revealed the dynamic nature of the discourse, on the one hand, and its sustainable development, on the other.

Тоска по правде как одна из смысловых сторон концепта ПРАВДА, вербализованного лексемами правда, truth и verdad (на материале русских, английских и испанских пословиц и поговорок)

This paper is written within the framework of cognitive linguistics and is part of a series of articles devoted to the cognitive attribute of justice in the context of studying the concepts PRAVDA, TRUTH and VERDAD in Russian, English and Spanish linguistic cultures. Based on proverbs and sayings containing the lexemes pravda in Russian, truth in English and verdad in Spanish, the authors had in earlier works considered the cognitive features of the idea of truth as justice and singled out the following groups of logemes (term by P.V. Chesnokov): 1) the need for truth/justice in the life of society; 2) the power of truth/justice; 3) disbelief in truth/justice. The purpose of this paper was to further reveal and describe new semantic aspects of the aforementioned concepts reflecting the idea of justice. As a result, the authors distinguished another common semantic group of logemes, defined as longing for the truth/justice. The authors note that paroemias containing the idea of longing for the truth form the final group of logemes of the cognitive attribute of justice. The semantic-cognitive analysis of paroemias revealed that only in Russian proverbs life without the truth is presented as unbearable, forcing a person to fight for the truth, sacrificing his/her life. English proverbs recognize the inaccessibility of the truth, pitiful and helpless truth, doomed to suffer from the human evil. In Spanish paroemias, one can trace the suffering of both the person and the truth itself from mutual misunderstanding. In all the linguistic cultures under consideration, the hope for justice does not die but, currently, its expectation is less painful for English-speaking nations than for the Russians and Spaniards. The results of this study can be useful for linguists and translators dealing with theoretical and practical issues of cognitive linguistics and, in particular, issues of intercultural communication in Russian, English and Spanish.

Основные семантические составляющие концепта НЕВЕЖЛИВОСТЬ в русской лингвокультуре: лексикографический анализ

The purpose of the research is to identify the main semantic components of the concept IMPOLITENESS in the Russian linguistic culture, based on the data of an associative experiment and further analysis of lexicographic sources. Scientific novelty of the research lies in determining reversibility of the concept and its components relative to each other, which can confirm semantic connection between them at the linguistic level. The result of the study was identification of reversible semantic components of the concept IMPOLITENESS according to authoritative lexicographic sources. The researcher also makes an assumption that the concept IMPOLITENESS is not a basic one in the Russian linguistic culture, but is a part of the concept RUDENESS, which is more typical of the Russian linguistic culture.

Студенческий отзыв о преподавателе как оценочный речевой жанр в российском и американском образовательных дискурсах

This article focuses on the speech genre “student comments on a professor’s rating” which belongs to the domain of quality assurance in higher education. Both aspects are meaningful for the theory of speech genres and the system of higher education. The article analyses the communicative concept “student feedback on teaching” which is related to the speech genre under research. The article also deals with description and comparative analysis of speech genre features of axiological texts which belong to the domain of the “quality of education” in Russian and American linguistic cultures. Apart from this, the article attempts to classify the speech genre forms of students comments on teaching. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the speech genre “student feedback on teaching” in Russian and American education discourse there have been deduced several common and national specific language features and phenomena. The evaluating communicative concept “student feedback on teaching” comprises not only emotional evaluating attitude of the author but also a structural semiotic paradigm of the teaching evaluation. The American concept demonstrates higher semiotic density. The comparative analysis of verbal implementation of the concept in the Russian and American student feedback comments allows to conclude that the corresponding speech genre in American culture looks like an established speech practice, while into Russian culture this genre has been borrowed and is still being formed.

Investigating the Concept of “Flirting” as Reflected in the Russian-Speaking Ukrianians’ Linguistic Consciousness

The purpose of this study is to define and describe the semantic components of the verbalised concept “flirting” as a component of ludic competence in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking people from Eastern Ukraine.
 The main method of the research was a psycholinguistic experiment. The sample comprised 400 young people (aged 18-35), males and females being equally represented.
 Results. The experiment results proved that the concept “flirting” in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine is represented by four core semantic clusters: “verbal and nonverbal means of communication” (27.75%), “forms and types of interaction” (25.25%), “emotions, feelings, states” (24.75%), and “gender” (10.5%). The peripheral clusters “romantic relationship” (4%) and “meeting place” (1.5%) are represented by a relatively equal number of male and female reactions. The fact that clusters on the extreme periphery are exclusively represented either by female (“secret actions”) or male reactions (“time of year”) is most probably explained by certain individual preferences in usage rather than by gender-specific tendencies. The analysis of isolated reactions allowed distinguishing the following cluster reactions: “age” (youth), “period of time” (temporality) and “time of day” (it is getting late).
 The associative behaviour of the respondents is characterized by a heterosexual orientation of flirting, which is reflected in the peripheral subcluster “heterosexuality” (1.25%).
 Conclusions. Based on the results of cluster analysis, two psycholinguistic meanings of the concept of “flirting” were described: 1. A type of courtship that does not involve sexual intimacy (90.75%) and 2. Sexual relations (4.5%).
 The semantic content of the concept core of “flirting” does not depend on gender identification based on the results of the analysis of female and male associative fields. The attitude of informants to the stimulus of “flirting” is emotionally positive and is characterized by positive evaluation.
 The comparative analysis of the verbalised concept “flirting” in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking population of Ukraine and people who live in Russia revealed a wider semantic scope and prominent positive attitude to the stimulus of Ukrainian sample. In general, the evaluation of this phenomenon by Russian-speaking respondents in Ukraine and members of the Russian linguistic culture is presented mainly by positive and neutral reactions.

The concept of schastie/bakht (happiness) in the Russian and Uzbek phraseology

The article considers the concept of Schastie/Bakht (Happiness) in the Russian and Uzbek linguistic cultures as one of the most important universal concepts with a national component. On the one hand, the study is conditioned by the interest of modern contrastive linguistics in the comparative research of concepts with a national component. On the other hand, it continues scientific works concerned with the concept of Schastie in the Russian linguistic culture and the concept of Bakht in the Uzbek linguistic culture. The novelty of this study is determined by the fact that this concept is compared for the first time using set phrases of two languages and based on an analytical review of the relevant sources. The article aims at determining common and different components for the Uzbek and Russian linguistic cultures with regard to the Happiness concept (according to the data obtained from the analysis of the above-mentioned material). The article presents the results of an analytical review of studies on the concept of Schastie in the Russian linguistic culture and the concept of Bakht in the Uzbek linguistic culture, as well as contrastive analysis of phraseological units related to the verbalization of these concepts. To analyze and compare idioms of two unrelated languages (Russian and Uzbek) and ways of verbalizing the concept, the authors used the method of linguistic and cultural description supplemented by the component analysis of lexemes and the comparative method. As a result, general and specific meanings for the words “schastie” and “bakht” were identified, as well as general and specific components of the Happiness concept.

Мифологема Мать-сыра-земля в русской языковой картине мира

The paper presents the study of the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya (Damp Mother Earth) as a part of the Russian language picture of the world. Mythologeme is a phenomenon of language consciousness going back to a certain archetype. The authors have revealed that the linguistic consciousness of the Russian language native speakers firmly holds the linguoculturological meanings of the mythologeme under study, with most striking, firmly rooted in the Russian language picture of the world, the differential signs associated with this mythologeme being: ‘person (female)’ (48.5 %), ‘mother’ (26.3 %), ‘goddess’ (17.3 %), ‘surface’ (5.4 %), ‘grave’ (2.5 %). The mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya combines two differential signs: ‘birth’ and ‘death’. The earth is the birth womb and grave into which a person leaves after death. There is evidence of syncretism of sememes due to the change of religion: the adoption of Christianity when a new ritual practice of funerals came to Russian culture. According to the analysis, the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya implements a complex of signs in the Russian linguistic culture, with the prototype being a more ancient mythologeme - Velikaya Boginya Mat’ (the Great Mother Goddess). The study has revealed the following associative meanings related to the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya in the Russian linguistic culture: 1. Earthly life in this world; 2. Agricultural activities of man (plowing); 3. Family - earthly and heavenly; 4. Ritual practice (oath, frankincense; handful / pinch of land transported to a new land); 5. Death and funeral; 6. Birth and return to earth.

ДОБРО, ЗЛО, ПРАВДА, ЛОЖЬ в русской, украинской, британской и американской лингвокультурах: опыт психолингвистического эксперимента

The paper presents the results of a psycholinguistic experiment aimed to identify the general characteristics and national-cultural characteristics of linguo-cognitive categorization and conceptualization of the linguistic axiological spheres GOOD, EVIL, TRUTH, LIE in Russian, Ukrainian, British, and American linguistic cultures. A total of 830 respondents of both gen-ders, different social status, and education levels from Russia, Ukraine, Great Britain, and the USA participated in the experiment. The psycholinguistic experiment involved the following stages: setting the goal and objectives of the experiment, determining the timing of its imple-mentation, formulating the expected results, compiling the task, interviewing the respondents, and analyzing the results, with tasks, deadlines, and expected results specified for each stage. At the preparatory stage, the questionnaires were developed in Russian, Ukrainian, and Eng-lish to be completed by the respondents. At the next stage, the associative reactions obtained were processed, and conclusions were formulated. The linguistic axiological spheres of GOOD, EVIL, TRUTH, LIE in the structure of the linguistic sphere of MAN were found to be universal in Russian, Ukrainian, British, and American linguistic cultures, with specific dif-ferences in linguo-cognitive categorization and conceptualization being associated with the cultural, historical, socio-economic development, the political structure of different countries. This fact explains the slight differences in the language representation of the outside world by the representatives of Russian, Ukrainian, British, and American linguo-cultures.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КАК ОСНОВА СОЗДАНИЯ УЧЕБНОГО ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СЛОВАРЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КОНЦЕПТА «ПОДАРОК» В ИРАНСКОЙ И РУССКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ)

This article covers the study of the components of a gift process concept, the identification and comparison of the features of this component in Iranian and Russian linguistic cultures. The concept of “gift” is one of the concepts that display signs that are significant for understanding the linguistic culture of both peoples. From this point of view, first of all, the linguacultural, historical and etymological characteristics of this concept in the Iranian and Russian linguistic consciousness, reflected in phraseological units and different dictionaries, are examined. The obtained material is part of the preparation of the future Russian-Persian educational dictionary of cultural linguistics.

Images of animals and birds in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures

Images of animals and birds in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures

The concept of just war in Russian and American linguistic cultures

The study examines the concept of just war in the military-political discourse and technologies of manipulating the mass consciousness used by the leaders of the Russian and American states in speeches based on the idea of just war. Lexical and semantic analysis of the lexemes “just” and “war” in Russian and English is carried out. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing attention to the military-political discourse and actualization of the concept. It received consistent substantiation and development in the works of medieval scholastics. In the 21st century, it serves the purposes of moral and ethical justification of modern military conflicts. The purpose of the study was to analyze the concept of just war at the lexical and semantic level and describe its ontological foundations and implementation in the Russian and American mental lexicons. Based on the analysis, the authors have identified general and particular aspects of the just war concept in the Russian and American mental lexicons and described the mechanisms of mind control in the political discourses of B. Obama and V.V. Putin.

КОНЦЕПТ «ПРОШЛОЕ» В РУССКОЙ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА

The article analyzes the concept “past” as a component of the Russian language picture of the world. The authors make a comprehensive conceptual description of the past based on the three-part model of the concept according to V.I. Karasik – “image, concept, value”. Addressing this topic is due to the lack of a linguocultural description of the concept of the past in Russian science, as well as the need to expand the fund of conceptual descriptions of the components of Russian linguistic culture. The aim of the research is a comprehensive description of the concept of the past focused on identifying its value characteristics, which corresponds to the linguistic cultural direction, within which culture can be understood as a set of meanings, values and norms. The research methodology is based on the structure of everyday consciousness described by O.A. Kornilov and includes an analysis of sensoryreceptive, logical-conceptual, emotional-evaluative and value-moral components of the concept. The procedures of conceptual analysis include the analysis of dictionary definitions of the keyword, the construction of a figurative semantic field based on synonyms and compatibility, the analysis of associations, the analysis of phraseological units, the analysis of proverbs and sayings. The main sources of the research are explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language edited by D.N. Ushakov, A.S. Gerd and T.F. Efremova, New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms edited by Yu.D. Apresyan, dictionaries of synonyms edited by Z.E. Aleksandrova, Associative Thesaurus of the Modern Russian Language edited by Yu.N. Karaulov, phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language edited by E.N. Teliya and A.I. Fyodorov, dictionaries of proverbs and sayings edited by V.I. Zimin and V.P. Zhukov. The main results of the study are related to the modeling of the field structure of the conceptual field ’’past’’ with the identification of its neutral core, perinuclear and connotatively marked periphery. The final stage of the analysis suggests that the value component of the concept ’’past’’ is a bipolar zone, within which two mutually exclusive groups of behavioral norms coexist, reflecting the two value centers of the concept.

“Friend-or-foe” opposition and its implementation through the concepts “house” and “forest” in Russian fairy-tale discourse

Researches of the discursive analysis become more and more significant sphere of linguistics. Both forest and house act as two main and never identical worlds. The fundamental conceptual opposition of fairy-tale discourse is based on the concepts of house and forest, fundamental opposite worlds. The purpose of the article is to examine the two concepts as crucial components of friend-or-foe opposition, and to reveal features of their representation in Russian linguistic culture. During the research, the author used descriptive, inductive and cultural-historical methods. The research showed that the concepts of forest and house are key components of fairy-tale discourse, have nationally specific features in Russian fairy-tales revealed in the texts. The theoretical relevance of the article lies in the fact that contributes to working out the problem of national worldview representation and Russian ethnos mentality. The practical relevance of the article consists in possibility of using its materials in the process of teaching, while compiling lectures, guides for teachers, seminars on fairy-tale discourse. A role of house and forest for Slavic people is really significant. Besides, the results of the study show the necessity of further analysis of fairy-tale discourse, more detailed description of the concepts and their comparison with the concepts of other national fairy-tales.

Cоциальные медиа в английском и русском языковом сознании. Статья 2. Корпусная лингвистика и опыт моделирования

Вступление. Статья состоит из двух частей. Первая статья исследует данные психолингвистических экспериментов по структуре и содержанию концептов “социальные медиа”/“social media” в русском и английском языковом сознании. Во второй статье концепты “социальные медиа”/“social media” анализируются в корпусной лингвистике. Также представлены полевая и когнитивно-классификационная модели концептов социальные медиа / social media.
 Методы и материал исследования. Представленность концептов “социальные медиа”/“social media” в Национальном корпусе русского языка (НКРЯ) и в Corpus of Contemporary American English (CОCA) выявлялась с помощью корпусного анализа. При помощи автоматизированного контент-анализа проанализировано 42 158 контекстов с упоминанием социальные медиа / social media. Метод семантического сетевого анализа позволил представить модель концептов “социальные медиа”/“social media” в виде семантического графа.
 Результаты. В результате исследования установлено, что концепт социальные медиа / social media в русскоязычной и в англоязычной лингвокультурах находится на стадии формирования (низкая / несбалансированная номинативная плотность репрезентантов концептов, нечёткая / несбалансированная полевая организация ряда субконцептов, большое количество совместных упоминаний). Универсальное свойство для концептов в русском и английском языках – идентичная когнитивно-классификационная структура (с различиями на периферии). Социо- и культурспецифичными чертами концептов являются: (1) большая сформированность в англоязычной лингвокультуре (имеет более высокую номинативную плотность); (2) в английском языке номинативное поле концепта репрезентирует личные контакты (friend, life, family), в русском языке – отстранённое, неличное представление о социальных медиа (коммуникация, массовая аудитория, пользователи).
 Выводы. Перспектива исследования концептуальной природы социальных медиа – изучение идиоэтнической специфики, динамической природы концептов социальные медиа / social media, иных когнитивных структур (сценариев и фреймов), связанных с социальными медиа, на материале различных языковых семей.

Conceptual Signs in the Structure of the Husband (Muzh) Concept (According to the Explanatory Dictionaries of the Russian Language)

The article introduces conceptual signs of the concept husband (muzh) on the basis of eight Russian explanatory dictionaries: 1) S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language; 2) V. I. Dal’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Vernacular; 3) D. N. Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language; 4) Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language; 5) Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language edited by D. V. Dmitriev; 6) T. F. Efremova’s Interpretative and Derivational New Dictionary of the Russian Language; 7) S. A. Kuznetsov Great Dictionary of the Russian Language; 8) L. G. Babenko’s Big Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Nouns. The author analyzed the relevant vocabulary entries of the words representing the concept and described the selected conceptual signs with examples from the language material. Examples were taken from the National Corpora of the Russian Language (www.ruscorpora.ru). The research owes its scientific novelty to the fact that domestic and foreign linguistics has never featured the concept in question. The author appealed to the Russian linguistic culture from the perspective of the conceptual sphere of the family, marriage, and kinship. The research revealed 26 conceptual signs of the husband (muzh) concept: a spouse, a head of the family responsible for bringing the groceries from town to the country cottage where the family dwells, a mature (person), a scientist, a public figure / statesman, a person, male gender, a master, a worthy (person), valiant, courageous / bold / brave, physically strong / mighty, patient, sane, persistent, calm, decisive, hardworking, commoner / peasant (plowman / farmer / tiller), a peasant, a family man, a man (uneducated / ill-bred / rude / ignoramus / ignorant), a breadwinner. The following conceptual signs were represented by material from XVIII–XIX centuries: a public figure / statesman, a commoner / peasant (plowman / farmer / tiller), a peasant. All the conceptual signs of the husband (muzh) concept were concentrated in several aspects: family status and family responsibilities, anthropological and physiological characteristics, mental abilities, social status, moral qualities, and character traits.

The Concept of “Dog” in Proverbs and Phraseological Units of the Russian and Persian Languages

This study examines some ways to actualize the concept of “dog” in Russian and Persian language pictures of the world, including the aspects of lexical, cultural, metaphorical and religious relevance of zoomorphism “dog” in Russian and Iranian linguistic cultures. The goal of investigation is to compare the features of the concept of “dog” in Russian and Persian language pictures of the world. Research objectives: 1) to summarize data on the representation and interpretation of the word “dog” in the explanatory dictionaries of the languages studied; 2) to analyze the images of the dog in Russian and Persian proverbs and phraseological units. The relevance of the work consists in referring to this zoomorphic concept from the standpoint of comparing and defining the principles of updating the cognitive characteristics of the concept of “dog” in proverbs and phraseologisms in Russian and Persian, examining the general and specific characteristics of this concept, as well as the views of Russian and Iranian people in relation to this animal in two linguistic cultures. Chosen proverbs and phraseological units of the Russian and Persian languages with the “dog” component are the subject of the study. The object of study is the concept of “dog” in Russian and Persian. The language material for the study was compiled from explanatory dictionaries and collections of paroemias. Each proverb and phraseological unit is subjected to careful analysis, their classification is carried out. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative study of the concept of “dog” in two linguistic cultures: Russian and Persian. Such studies have not yet been conducted in modern linguistic literature. As a result of the analysis, both a positive and negative attitude towards dogs was noted in both linguistic cultures. On the one hand, a person endows the dog with the positive qualities of fidelity and devotion, on the other hand, with aggressiveness and low value. In two cultures ‒ Russian and Iranian ‒ there are different superstitions, beliefs and prejudices associated with this animal. The obtained research results are of applied value. They can find application in linguodidactics, in particular, when teaching Russian as a foreign language at Iranian universities, as well as in lexicology and linguocultural courses. Keywords: concept, proverb, phraseologism, linguistic culture, comparative studies, linguistic picture of the world

The Symbolism of the Earth in the Poems by M.I. Tsvetaeva

The article considers the poems by Marina Tsvetaeva in the aspect of elemental symbolism. The article aims to describe traditional for Russian linguistic culture and individual author's symbolism of the earth in M.I. Tsvetaeva's poems. The choice of the research object stipulates scientific novelty of the study, which was fulfilled applying descriptive and conceptual research methods. It has been noted, that the symbols, traditionally assigned to Russian linguistic culture, are represented in the poems by Tsvetaeva as pre-Christian: the earth is described by the poetess as a place of habitation, residence, Motherland, a house, arable land; the symbol of imperishability and support. The earth is one of the extrema – the lower and the upper points in vertical dimension, where the former denotes the ground and the Man as opposed to the latter, nominating the Heaven and the Creator. The ground is a Christian symbol of modesty, it is associated with death, ashes, a grave pit. The analysis undertaken has enabled to reveal individual author's symbols of the earth: earth – rock / stone; earth – mountain, unknown land – the sea, the earth – the air, the salt of the earth – talented people / victim. It has been shown, that the author's perception of a particular worldview fragment supplements the conceptual structure of macro concept "earth" with characteristics, which are not included into the structure of national concept.

О мифах и мифологемах лингвокультуры: духов день – именины земли

В статье рассматривается мифологема «земля» в русской лингвокультуре. Цель статьи – описать особый праздник земли, связанный с культом предков. Этот праздник известен как Духов день. У него есть другое название – именины земли. В этот день чествуют землю-мать. Задачи статьи: 1) установить характеристики праздника; 2) описать сопряженные с этим праздником символы русской лингвокультуры; 3) восстановить мотив забытого мифа о земле-матери; 4) выявить признаки мифологемы «земля», сохранившихся в языковом сознании русских. Актуальность проводимого исследования заключается в верификации данных русской культуры в собранном языковом материале, определении преемственности символики земли в лингвокультуре при смене религий. Научная новизна работы состоит в обращении к теме мифологемы «земля» в лингвокультурологическом аспекте. В лингвистике не существует работ, посвященных исследованию мифологемы «земля», представленных в когнитивном и лингвокультурологическом ракурсах. Материал исследования собран из словарей, художественной литературы и Национального корпуса русского языка (www.ruscorpora.ru). Методами исследования являются описательный, интерпретативный, концептуальный. Как показало проведенное исследование, в русской лингвокультуре прочно закрепился символ Земли-матери. Этот символ не смогла искоренить пришедшая на смену язычеству религия, так как в русском языковом сознании мать является высочайшей святыней, которую нельзя свергнуть. Сама Россия ассоциируется с матерью, как и земля, на которой она стоит. Мифологема «земля» указывает на существование культа предков. Как показывает анализ собранного языкового материала, этот культ связан с мифом о иерогамии – священном браке между небом-солнцем и землей. По одной из версий супругом земли считался Перун. Все сущее на земле – это дети этой божественной пары. День этого священного брака – Духов день – отмечался на следующий день после Троицы. Троица до принятия христианства у русского народа была иной. В нее входили три важных ипостаси мира – солнце, небо и земля. Духов день – это праздник возрождения природы. Его характеристиками было тепло (солнце, жара), дождь (проявление оплодотворяющей силы неба-Перуна) и сама земля, расцветающая и готовая к новому циклу рождения.

Digital Education: Cloud Technology at a Lesson of the Russian Language

The aim of the article is to describe the principles of cloud technology and the scope of its use at a lesson of the Russian language in a polylingual class. Following the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on digital education, new technologies are suggested which have been introduced in a new type of handbook – a course navigator. The authors present a model to construct a course «Theatrical readings» for primary and secondary schoolchildren. The methodical constructor is oriented not only on reading as a kind of speech activity but also on material visualization and audio perception. The system of tasks reflects the specific nature of teaching Russian by means of fiction texts, teaching reading strategies and fiction understanding with the application of differential, problem search methods of teaching. When constructing the educational navigator the resources of the Google Network were used, which is a useful instrument for a teacher of Russian. This service allows for a favorable combination of various forms of tasks which form a motivation for cognitive activity. The article concludes that cloud technology as an element of digital learning in the modern educational process should emerge as a set of teaching tools to create methodical products contributing to the effective study of Russian linguistic culture.

Transformation of Communicative and Emotional Values in Russian Linguoculture

Values are generally accepted guidelines that are important for the formation, development and existence of both the individual and society. In his communicative practice, a person relies on universal and culturally-based values, which, in turn, are subject to evolution or degradation at various stages of social development. The authors of the article, guided by the idea of the flexibility and variability of values in certain historical epochs, attempt to demonstrate that at present, due to social and cultural processes, communicative and emotional values in Russian linguistic culture undergo certain change, which transforms the existing system of values. The researchers' attention is focused on such communicative values as truth and modesty, which seem to be unconditional and absolute moral and ethical guidelines for representatives of Russian linguistic culture. The analyzed material from the National Corpus of the Russian language, Internet forums and examples from live conversation show that in the modern Russian-speaking consciousness, truthful and modest communicative behavior is interpreted and evaluated a little differently than before. Similar to communicative values, the value of emotions is also subject to transformation. As an example of the inversion of the linguocultural value of emotions, we consider the emotion of anger, which is among the universal human emotions. The analysis of modern feature films allows us to conclude that anger and other destructive emotions of the protagonist can be recognized as a constructive force that changes the world for the better, and its positive assessment leads to such behavior being socially approved in real life.