Russia Research Articles

Prognostic value of biohybrid screening results for assessing cancer risk using the example of lung cancer

Introduction. One of the leading places in the structure of socially significant diseases in the Russian Federation is occupied by malignant neoplasms, among which cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lung occupies the first place in terms of prevalence. Screening for lung cancer is not carried out at the federal level in Russia; recommended screening measures include questionnaires to identify risk factors for the development of the disease (including occupational) and the formation of dispensary observation groups. The study aims to assess the prognostic value of a new method of biohybrid screening of lung cancer by exhaled air. Materials and methods. Scientists conducted a study at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation, with the participation of 24 conditionally healthy volunteers and 5 patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the early stages of the disease. The design of the study is simultaneous (on-line) with blinding; experts estimated the risk of systematic errors at 10 points on the QUADAS scale. The authors examined exhaled air samples on a gas analyzer (biohybrid detector) of the BGS-APK 02SZZ model, in which the sensor were animals — gray domesticated rats (Rattus norvegicus) with microelectrode matrices implanted into the olfactory bulb, and which were in the internal (ventilated) space of the analyzer in a state of drug anesthesia. The conclusion about the presence or absence of a risk of lung cancer was formed by an artificial neural network of the analyzer, at the input of which bioelectric signals from each microelectrode were received, which were preprocessed using a system for recording the focal activity of the olfactory analyzer. The specialists confirmed the presence or absence of a risk of lung cancer by a reference method, according to computed tomography of the chest in accordance with the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (LungRADS™). Results. During the study, experts determined the effectiveness indicators of the method of biohybrid lung cancer screening by exhaled air: sensitivity (64%), specificity (87%), prognosticality of negative and positive conclusions about the presence/absence of disease risk (82% and 72%, respectively). Conclusion. The safety, efficiency and throughput of the investigated method, together with the reproducibility of the analyzer's conclusions, meet the criteria of practicability to ensure the first (population-based) stage of lung cancer screening.

The Prospects for the Development of Territorial Branding in the Context of the Experience Economy

The article explores the phenomenon of branding territories in the context of experience economy in its active development in recent years. The relevance of the study stems from a number of reasons. Firstly, there is a need for scientific and practical models of the best development practices of the regions of the Russian Federation. Secondly, the competent branding policies are required in order to revive and develop small towns, as well as to prevent the outflow of employable population to cities. And finally, there is an importance in understanding the impact of experience economy tools on the branding of territories. The subject of the study is territorial branding as one of the forms of the experience economy realization. The purpose of the study is to reveal the process of development of territorial branding in light of the experience economy. The works of local and foreign scientists, as well as materials from specialized websites, online publications on marketing strategies and tools of the new economy are taken into account. Based on a review of the scientific literature, which presents approaches to understanding the specific features of territorial branding and the importance of impressions for customer loyalty, the practical recommendations are offered for the Russian Federation. Promising strategies for forming brands of territories through the use of experience economy tools have been identified. The practical implications and scientific value of the article is in the formulated proposals for improving territorial branding.

Tuberculosis as an interdisciplinary problem: a case of occupational damage to the organs of the genitourinary system

In the Russian Federation, genitourinary tuberculosis ranks third in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Timely recognition of genitourinary tuberculosis is usually difficult. The authors analyzed a case of occupational infection with tuberculosis of the genitourinary system by a phthisiologist. The clinical observation ended with a clinical cure for tuberculosis of the genitourinary system, however, with the outcome in chronic prostatitis, chronic post-tuberculosis pyelonephritis with the development of chronic kidney disease. It is shown that the timely establishment of a connection between urinary syndrome and epidemiological, including professional anamnesis, contributes to the timely establishment of the professional nature of the disease. With untimely diagnosis and late initiation of treatment of tuberculosis of the genitourinary system, serious complications can develop up to the destruction of the kidney with complete loss of its function, which leads to disability and loss of ability to work. If tuberculosis of the genitourinary system is suspected, experts recommend conducting a study of urine sediment, prostate secretion to determine the deoxyribonucleic acid of mycobacterium tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction. Any doubt in case of nonspecific inflammation of the genitourinary system should be interpreted in favor of tuberculosis with further in-depth examination and dynamic monitoring.

Metacentric concept of agricultural production development in the Russian Federation subarctic climate zone

The results of an ecologically and economically sound analysis of the prospects for increasing the efficiency of agricultural use of the territory of the Subarctic climatic zone of the Russian Federation based on the rational use of modern technologies, increasing soil fertility, the formation of adaptive agrophytocenoses of various specialization in substituting areas of economic activity in order to self-supply the local population with agricultural products and increase the potential for sustainable development of regions are presented.

Working conditions and health status of employees of individual law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The health of employees of the Russian law enforcement agencies is one of the factors of the success of their professional activities. The activities of law enforcement officers often take place in an extreme situation, due to the suddenness of emergency situations, lack of time to make decisions, a high degree of responsibility for the lives of other people, and the intensity of physical and psycho-emotional overloads. Therefore, at present, the problem of professional health of employees of law enforcement agencies is attracting attention. The study aims to assess the factors of professional activity and health status of employees of individual law enforcement agencies of the Kaliningrad region. Materials and methods. Using the random sampling method, the researchers formed three groups from among employees Using the random sampling method, the researchers formed three groups from among employees of the internal affairs bodies and the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops who are on medical care at the Federal Medical Institution "Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region." The experts analyzed the registration form No. 025/u (medical card of a patient receiving outpatient medical care) of these groups of employees of individual law enforcement agencies of the Kaliningrad region. Results. Chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and injuries are the dominant pathology of employees of the law enforcement agencies of the Kaliningrad region who are on medical care at the Federal Medical Institution "Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region." Along with acute respiratory diseases, which most often lead to temporary disability, the above pathology causes a prolonged absence of employees in the relevant units, which makes it difficult to fulfill the assigned service and combat tasks to ensure law and order. Conclusion. Extreme factors of service in the vast majority of cases have a negative impact on the health of persons performing service and combat missions. The dominant pathology of employees is chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and injuries.

Employment Problems in the Far East and the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

In recent years, close attention has been paid to the socio-economic development of the Far East and the Arctic zone of Russia, including increasing the efficiency of labor and employment development. Strategies, government programs and other documents are being adopted aimed at reducing unemployment and creating new jobs in the sparsely populated areas of these regions. The author identifies the main tasks that should be addressed as a matter of priority to solve employment problems. It is noted that in regional regulations and social partnership agreements, the problems of employment of citizens living in sparsely populated areas of the Far East and in the Arctic zone have not yet found their legislative support and, as a result, the identified problems remained without an appropriate legal solution.

Искусственный интеллект как инструмент популяционного скрининга опухолей кожи

BCC/SCC and melanoma are the most common types of skin cancer. Low public awareness, unavailability of local professional dermatological expertise, and ineffective screening programs prevent early detection critical for successful treatment. Aim. Evaluate capabilities of AI-powered mobile application for population screening. Materials and methods. We proposed a free mobile application for regular skin self-examination based on AI analysis of photos taken using a smartphone enriched with demographic data and risk factors. Our model provides a binary output (malignant/benign), encouraging people to see dermatologists for an in-depth examination if a risk of a malignant skin tumor is detected. Results. We received and processed 500,000+ images of skin neoplasms taken by 290,000 users from 86 regions of the Russian Federation from 01.2021 to 12.2022. The images were accompanied by demographic data and responses to a questionnaire on cancer risk factors. 5,957 cases of BCC/SCC and 7,622 cases of melanoma were detected. Analysis of the campaign results revealed a significantly higher prevalence of malignant skin tumors per 100,000 population. Our results exposed a much younger average age of skin cancer patients in both men and women populations compared to official statistics, with a difference of 15 years. Conclusion. The AI-based mobile application proved to be a feasible vehicle for skin cancer mass screening campaigns requiring no significant investment from the public health authorities. The proposed tool provides an efficient way to increase public awareness about skin cancer and associated risk factors as well as encourages people to seek dermatologists’ help in case of skin cancer risk.

Bench studies of the influence of operating conditions on operational safety of steam turbine air-cooled condensers at subzero outdoor temperatures

Condensation processes are widely spread in various branches of industrial production and, in particular, in electric power industry, where, according to experts' data, heat removal in thermodynamic cycles of steam turbine plants (STP) operating as part of combined cycle plants (CCP) and autonomously, in the 21st century will be exercised mainly in air-cooled condensers (ACC). At the same time, the use of ACC as a part of steam turbine units operating in climatic conditions typical for the Russian Federation (RF) determines the relevance of problems to be solved to ensure their safe operation at subzero outside temperatures. One of these challenges is to ensure long-term safe operation of the ACC, with the formation of ice on the inner surface of the heat exchange pipes minimized. To conduct the research, Steam Turbine Air-Cooled Condenser research and training stand was used. The paper presents the combined circuit and measurement diagram of the research and training stand, and gives a brief description of the design of the ACC. Experimental modes have been determined, and methods for processing experimental data and analyzing the results obtained have been developed. As part of the study, experiments were carried out on 18 steady-state operation modes of the stand. At the same time, the values of the main operational parameters of the ACС varied within the following limits: the temperature of the cooling air at the ACС inlet — from minus 11,5°C to minus 1,8°C; the cooling ratio — from 176 to 790. The relative weight content of air in the vapor varied from 0,051% to 0,12%. An analysis of the obtained results was carried out, on the basis of which a relationship was established that allows, for various negative temperatures of the cooling air at the inlet to the ACС, to determine the highest value of the cooling ratio at which its long-term safe operation is possible. An algorithm for using the obtained relationship is given.

Formation of the State Policy of Re-Emigration of Ukrainians: Problems and Prospects

The article examines the latest large-scale phenomenon on the territory of Ukraine - mass internal and external migration of the country's citizens, caused by the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. The number and structure of migrations of citizens abroad, in particular by level of education, are outlined, and the directions of emigration are determined. The main problems faced by compatriots abroad and in case of returning to Ukraine are highlighted. The principles on which the future policy of re-emigration and reintegration of Ukrainians should be based are given. Incentives and tools that can encourage migrants to return to the Motherland are summarized. The main problems hindering the development of Ukraine have been identified, without solving which it is impossible to expect a mass return of citizens from abroad. The experience of the migration policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the international community, which joined in supporting this country and its citizens during the difficult times of the military conflict for the country, is presented. The main directions of the state policy of re-emigration are formulated based on the needs of returning citizens and the resolution of internal contradictions in the socio-economic development of Ukraine.

Antibacterial therapy in patients with acute sinusitis

The prevalence of the acute sinusitis in ENT practice is very high. The current prevalence in Russian Federation is roughly estimated at 6 to 15%, and accounts for about 10 million cases a year. The incidence of acute sinusitis increases in autumn and early spring and decreases in the summer. Most cases of acute sinusitis are of a viral etiology, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, allergies, or injuries. The disease is characterized by swelling of the nasal mucous membrane, nasal blockage and discharge. Typically, the duration of acute inflammation of the paranasal sinuses averages about 4 weeks. In case of the inappropriate treatment, the inflammatory process can spread to adjacent anatomical structures – to the orbit, ear, or brain, resulting in serious, sometimes life-threatening complications. Over the last 10 years, the resistance of pathogenic flora to antimicrobial agents has greatly increased due to the unjustifiability and irrationality of their use. The purpose of this review was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the antibiotic therapy for acute rhinosinusitis. The paper discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, and characteristics of the acute sinusitis. It presents the features of the most used drugs, with special attention to the comparative assessment of their therapeutic effectiveness compared to other antibiotics, as well as determining the optimal schemes for their use within the framework of modern clinical protocols. A description of a clinical case of acute sinusitis and a treatment regimen with Cefixime EXPRESS is presented.

Identifying professional and pedagogical deficiencies of a medical university teacher

In this article, the authors presented certain results of a study devoted to identifying deficiencies in the psychological and pedagogical activities of medical university teachers. A definition is given to the concept of professional deficits as a lack (limitation) in professional competence that prevents the effective implementation of professional actions. The purpose of this work was to describe the areas of professional deficits of teachers of higher medical schools. In the article, the authors tried to answer the questions: How ready are the teaching staff of a medical university for changes in the higher education system? What professional deficiencies most often arise among teachers and how to deal with them? A number of studies conducted at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Further Education indicate that university teachers have a number of professional deficiencies. The reasons for these deficits are varied, since the work experience of teachers, areas of professional deficits, etc. vary. The work was based on regulatory documents, such as “Strategic priorities in the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation “Development of Education” until 2030.” Professional deficits were examined in five main areas of professional pedagogical activity: scientific-theoretical, methodological, psychological-pedagogical, communicative and general pedagogical. Research on deficits in these areas has been conducted and analyzed. Professional deficits were identified through a sociological survey of teachers in offline and online formats using a specially created questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed using tools from various areas of psychological and pedagogical knowledge. The set of these deficits is unique for each teacher. No teacher is immune from professional difficulties: both young and experienced teachers face them. Professional pedagogical deficits depend not only on the personal characteristics and developed competencies of the teacher, but also on the developing educational environment in which he is located. Purposeful work in this direction will help to overcome professional deficits. This activity is carried out by the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Further Education during advanced training and professional retraining of university teachers.

Development of standard operating procedure "Quality control of sodium chloride solution 0.9% (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) in pharmacy organizations manufacturing pharmaceuticals"

To develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for quality control of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documentation. Materials and Methods. Sodium chloride 0.9% sodium chloride solution (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) served as the object of the study. The SOP was developed taking into account the requirements of updated regulatory documents used in the field of quality control of medicines: Federal Law No. 61 dated 12.04.2010 "On Circulation of Medicines", Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 22.05.2023 No. 249n, Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 22.05.2023 No. 647n dated 31.08.2016, State Pharmacopoeia XV ed. and GOST R 52249-2009. Results. The main stages of the SOP in accordance with the current regulatory documentation are given, reagents, instruments and equipment required for testing are listed, mandatory and sample types of control are indicated. For this dosage form the mandatory controls will be organoleptic, written, control at release, physical and full chemical control. The methods of pH and authenticity tests are described, and the chemistry of qualitative reactions is given. For quantitative determination by the method of argentometry according to Mohr, the method of analysis is given, chemical reactions occurring during titration, the necessary calculations are made: the titer of silver nitrate solution of sodium chloride, the preliminary volume of titrant, the content of sodium chloride in the dosage form in grams. Permissible content limits are given in accordance with OFS.1.8.0001 "Medicinal preparations of pharmacy manufacture". Based on the results of the SOP development, a working instruction for quality control of sodium chloride solution 0.9% (350 ml) for infusion was drawn up. Conclusion. The presented SOP for quality control of sodium chloride solution 0.9% (350 ml) for infusion (intra-pharmacy preparation) describes the requirements for the organization and conditions of testing in assessing the quality of this dosage form and can be implemented in the work of manufacturing pharmacies as a detailed instruction for intra-pharmacy control.

Numerical modeling of hydrodynamics of spouted bed in solid fuel boiler

The issues of numerical modeling of hydrodynamics of a spouted fuel bed in the furnace of a solid-fuel boiler are considered. At present, solid-fuel boilers are widely used in the power industry of the Russian Federation, with the share of coal-fired generation to remain significant in the projected terms. Therefore, the study of the efficiency of thermal and hydrodynamic processes that ensure the implementation of clean coal technologies is a relevant task both today and in the long term. The article presents the following main stages of numerical modelling of the hydrodynamics of the spouted bed: problem formulation with selection of boundary and initial conditions, methods of solving the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations for the air flow, Newton's equations and diffusion equations for particles. The k-omega turbulence model was used in the calculations that is described by means of two partial differential equations for the variables k (kinetic energy of turbulence) and omega (specific dissipation rate). A comparative analysis of environmental advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of combustion of low-grade coal in schemes with in-cycle gasification (ICG) is carried out. Advantages and difficulties of switching to structures with CFB in the spouted bed mode are shown. Numerical modeling of the cold spouted bed created by means of particle injection is performed, a set of initial settings and boundary conditions is presented, the adequacy of the obtained results is verified by hydrodynamic characteristics of the isothermal process. The obtained results allow us to proceed to the next stages with non-isothermal models, with heat exchange and combustion reactions in the spouted bed of coal taken into account. The following refinement of the physical model will allow to achieve more accurate and reliable results and to ensure their correct scaling.

Peculiarities of clabsi in oncologic hospitals

Currently, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the most dangerous complications for hospitalized patients. The economic damage caused by HCAI in the Russian Federation annually is about 15 billion rubles; in addition, HCAI occupy the tenth place among the causes of mortality of the population. Catheter-associated bloodstream infection holds the leading place in the structure of ISMP morbidity. The concept of CVC-AIC (catheter-associated bloodstream infections or CLABSI), in turn, is included in CAIC. Purpose of the study. To analyze the current literature data of domestic and foreign authors for the years 2012-2022 concerning CAIC in patients of oncologic hospitals with CVCs, including subcutaneous central venous port catheters. Material and Methods. A review of 38 literature sources for the last 10 years was performed, including current information on catheter-associated bloodstream infections, measures to prevent them, and modern treatment approaches. Results. The studies have shown that the combination of drug resistance in microorganisms and immunity reduction in cancer patients, which occurs against the background of chemotherapy, makes them a risk group for the development of CAICs and episodes of their recurrence. Ensuring epidemiological safety of bloodstream catheterization in such patients is an important step in the prevention of CAIC. This is one of the priority tasks of oncoepidemiology today. Conclusion. The leading role in the occurrence of catheter-associated bleeding plays the term of catheterization and the condition of the patient, his age, stage of cancer development and concomitant chronic diseases. One of the most vulnerable risk groups are cancer patients from hemoblastosis chemotherapy and bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation units. This may be due to the use of immunosuppressant drugs to suppress graft rejection, which significantly reduce patients' immunity. According to the results of studies, infection with drug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant ones, is prevalent in cancer patients with CAIC. When using povidone iodine, there is a tendency to decrease the incidence of CAIC, but the use of chlorhexidine alcohol solution showed better results. A direct correlation was observed between the use of surgically implanted intravascular devices for long-term function and a lower incidence of CAIC, particularly in pediatric oncology.

Illegal Activities of Cartel Organizations in the Field of Public Procurement as a New Object of Statistical Study

The sphere of public procurement and the disbursement of budget funds in all countries is an environment that attracts not only respectable entrepreneurs who want to make guaranteed money, but also various “criminal white-collar elements.” According to various estimates, the volume of financing for public procurement in the Russian Federation occupies up to one third of the total GDP. A large number of labor and financial resources are involved in this area, while regularly changing legislation in this area, as well as the complexity of procurement procedures for different categories of goods, works, and services create favorable conditions and allow unscrupulous bidders, as well as corrupt customer representatives, to obtain unjustified profits and illegal remuneration. In the current situation, the introduction of new control measures becomes vital to ensure fair competition and efficient use of budget funds. That is why additional research and measures aimed at eliminating these problems and the preconditions for their occurrence are an integral part of ensuring the effectiveness of the public procurement system and protecting public interests.Purpose of the research is to study the genesis of cartel agreements in public procurement and their impact on the implementation of national projects in the Russian Federation, as well as the impact of cartel agreements on the presence of healthy competition and the efficiency of spending budget funds. As part of the paper, the state of crime in this area was examined; the signs of cartel agreements, methods for identifying cartels, as well as signs of collusion between the customer and the participant in public procurement were identified.Methods and materials. The author in his paper applies a comprehensive methodological approach, including analysis of statistical data, methods of the general theory of statistics, as well as methods of synthesis and analysis. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the current legal regulation in the field of public procurement. Graphical and tabular methods were used to visualize statistical data. The study is based on data provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia, the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court.Results of the study. The paper made a quantitative assessment of the scope of public procurement in recent years, and assessed the work carried out by law enforcement officials and the antimonopoly service. Typical violations of antimonopoly legislation during public procurement are given and methods for identifying them are proposed. The illegal schemes used by cartel participants in electronic trading are analyzed, as well as problematic issues and ways to resolve them that arise in practice. The paper proposes various approaches to increasing the efficiency of law enforcement and control agencies. An analysis of law enforcement practice revealed problems associated with proving crimes in this area, and noted an insufficient level of interaction between law enforcement agencies and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. In the study, the author analyzed the main features of cartels, proposed methods for identifying them, as well as ways to improve the verification activities carried out. The presented measures do not exhaust the topic of the study, and to effectively combat cartels, a systematic approach is recommended, including not only improving the quality of work of law enforcement and control agencies, but also improving the software and hardware used in carrying out inspections. Cartels in public procurement are a relatively new phenomenon for Russia; statistical data obtained from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicate that law enforcement and control authorities are just beginning their work to counter the criminal behavior of participants in cartel agreements. Only the fruitful joint work of law enforcement and control agencies will ensure the economic security of the state and protect the national interests of the Russian Federation.

Influence of medical-social and socio-economic factors on infant mortality rate in the Republic of Ingushetia

BACKGROUND: The infant mortality rate, as one of the indicators of the health and quality of life of the population, is an important factor that determines the country’s healthcare priorities. Despite the steadily decreasing infant mortality rates in the Russian Federation, the value of this indicator varies by region; thus, studying the factors influencing its value is relevant. If the leading medical, social, and socioeconomic factors that influence the level of infant mortality could be determined using data from a representative region (Republic of Ingushetia), the main directions for organizing measures aimed at reducing mortality among children in the first year of life will be identified. AIM: To determine the main medical, social and socio-economic factors that influence the infant mortality rate in the Republic of Ingushetia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational single-center retrospective study was performed to examine the influence of medical, social, and socioeconomic factors on the mortality rate of children aged 1 year in the Republic of Ingushetia. The obtained data were compared with similar indicators for the Russian Federation as a whole and the North Caucasus Federal District. RESULTS: During the study period (2011–2019), significant changes were observed in infant mortality rates in the Republic of Ingushetia: infant mortality has decreased because of the age components, leading to the normal ratio of neonatal and post neonatal mortality. Rates of infant mortality from certain conditions arising in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, and nervous system and circulatory system diseases have significantly decreased. The proportion of women admitted under the supervision of antenatal clinics in the early pregnancy (up to 12 weeks) has increased, the incidence of morbidity among pregnant women has decreased, and the proportion of normal births has been increasing. Although many medical organizations have employed a sufficient number of medical personnel, the coverage for biochemical screening has decreased, detection of malformations and biochemical abnormalities during prenatal diagnostics was low, medical personnel have low qualifications, and the shortage of obstetric and pediatric beds and pathology beds for newborns and premature infants was significant. A statistically significant dependence of the frequency of deaths of children aged 1 year on socioeconomic indicators−unemployment level, monetary income of the population, and housing conditions−was revealed. CONCLUSION: The main medical, social, and socioeconomic factors that influence infant mortality were analyzed using data from the Republic of Ingushetia. Positive and negative trends in the current state of the healthcare system of this republic have been identified.

Current Aspects of Medical Rehabilitation of Patients with Cancer Related Lymphedema of Extremities: a Narrative Review

INTRODUCTION. Over the past decades, in developed countries and in the Russian Federation, there has been an increase in the number of patients with secondary lymphedema who have undergone surgical treatment with dissection of regional lymph nodes and radiation therapy for various forms of gynecological cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, as well as breast cancer. AIM. Search and analysis of the results of previously published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effectiveness of various non-drug rehabilitation methods in patients with lymphedema of the extremities who underwent radical treatment for cancer of various locations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A search was conducted and studied publications in international scientific peer-reviewed publications (PEDro Database) on medical rehabilitation for cancer treatment-related lymphedema (LSPR) for the period from 1996 to December 2023 using the keywords “lymphedema”, “rehabilitation”. 145 RCTs focused on medical rehabilitation and conservative treatment of LSPR. DISCUSSION. Lifestyle correction and psychosocial interventions are recommended to improve the quality of life of patients. Studies have found that early activation, various physical exercises with a slow increase in loads under the supervision of a physical therapist are safe and help increase endurance, strength and range of motion in a limb with lymphatic edema. The clinical effectiveness of therapeutic exercises in the pool has been proven, manifested in the reduction of edema in patients with LSPR. The effectiveness of compression products with Velcro technology as an alternative to rigid low-stretch bandages in patients with LSPR has been confirmed. The anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects of low-intensity laser therapy and magnetic therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with LSLR have been proven. Alternating pneumatic compression (APC) is recommended as an adjuvant treatment in addition to comprehensive decongestant therapy. Preference should be given to the use of technologies of advanced hardware lymphatic drainage methods that imitate manual techniques. CONCLUSION. To improve the physical and socio-psychological functioning of patients with LSPR, an integrated approach is required, including lifestyle changes, psychological correction, compression therapy, modern exercise therapy techniques, and safe physiotherapeutic technologies. Conducted scientific research indicates the high effectiveness of the use of manual and hardware lymphatic drainage techniques, while the use of PPC is more economical and accessible, and does not require the involvement of specialists who know the expensive method of manual lymphatic drainage.

On the Need to Develop a Federal Program to Optimize the Economic Base of Public Control in Russia

Annotation. This article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the development and adoption of a federal program aimed at optimizing the economic basis of public control in the Russian Federation. The authors substantiate the position that one of the main problems hindering the development of public control in the country is its weak economic base. Due to the fact that public authorities play an important role in the process of formation and functioning of subjects of public control in Russia, the basis for financing the organization and activities of public control are funds from state and municipal budgets. In this regard, the authors substantiate the need for the development and adoption by the Government of the Russian Federation of a comprehensive federal program dedicated to strengthening organizational, technological, material and property independence and independence of subjects of public control. The work substantiates the need to include in the draft of the above-mentioned federal program sections devoted to: ensuring the material and technical independence of subjects of public control from public authorities; ensuring their financing primarily from protected items of public budgets; development of processes for the use of modern information and communication technologies by these entities; consolidation of a system of criteria for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the work of subjects of public control as the main condition for increasing the volume of their funding; consolidating a system of control on the part of public authorities regarding budget financing of the activities of these entities; systems for organizing public-private partnerships in the field of public control. In addition, the work substantiates the system of proposals for participation in the development of the above-mentioned federal program of the country's Public Chamber.

Remote interrogation and confrontation: problems of practice and prospects

The article, based on the results of an empirical study conducted by the author, states the absence in the Russian Federation of a wide practice of remote interrogation and confrontation. The objective factor in the form of insufficient technical equipment of the preliminary investigation bodies is analyzed as the reason for this. A separate reason is the incompleteness of legal regulation, which excludes the indication in the law of an investigator who is obliged to establish the identity of a remotely participating person when applying the norms of Article 189.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, as well as the absence of legally regulated features of the investigator’s exercise of the authority to present material evidence, a document during remote interrogation and confrontation.It is indicated that such circumstances create the risk of incomplete provision of the procedural rights of an uncontrolled subject of the process, including for a reasonable period of criminal proceedings, a full and comprehensive investigation of the circumstances of the criminal case. In this regard, the author notes the need to allocate budgetary funds for sufficient technical support for the preliminary investigation bodies. There is also a proposal to improve the norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation in the part under consideration.

Fragmentation of Application of the Personal Law of a Legal Entity in the light of the Amended Law on International Companies

The new version of Federal Law No. 290‑FZ dated 03.08.2018 «On International Companies and International Foundations» adopted in August 2023 confirms the relevance of finding ways to regulate companies incorporated in the Russian Federation. The domestic approach has no analogues because under the Russian doctrine a foreign company can move not only with its rights and obligations, but also with its corporate law. Is it possible to call the foreign law applicable in this way a personal law? Why does the law on international companies not follow the logic of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and does not directly indicate the application of foreign law to international companies and international foundations as a personal law? Can a foreign law partially encroach on the territory of the application of personal law? Is the personal law uniform and indivisible? To answer these questions, the paper analyzes the key characteristics, as well as the novelties of the institute of personal law in relation to international companies, problems arising in this area and ways to solve them. The author concludes that with the globalization of corporate relations, the fragmentation of the scope of personal law will continue. This actualizes the problem of finding mechanisms for the «seamless» application of the norms of different states in the field of application of personal law. The author emphasizes that legislation on international companies can become a regulatory sandbox and contribute to the inclusion of the most modern and effective institutions and approaches in Russian corporate law. Proposed in the paper amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Law No. 290‑FZ preserve the logic of current regulation and reduce the uncertainty of regulation in the field of application of the personal law of an international company, the risks of subsequent changes in legislation for participants in international companies, as well as the likelihood of conflicts in the case of reference to foreign law.