Composition Rules Research Articles

Software Development for Educational Information Services Using Multilayering Semantics Adaptation

Electronic information services are robust platforms that impact daily life and facilitate new research. Increasing software modularity and reusability saves time and money. Numerous designs and programming are challenging when developing a complex educational information system. This article proposes a new paradigm of multi-dimensional information layers, aspects, functional data, and composition rules in software development to create practical educational information platforms. The proposed approach uses aspect orientation throughout educational information's software development life cycle, from planning to implementation and evaluation. Finally, the authors demonstrate and evaluate the design model's modularity and adaptation through fine-granularity design and class reuse. The result reduces invasive changes, promotes modularity and reuse, and eliminates duplication in component-based software design.

Three applications of analysis-by-synthesis in music science

The article describes how my research has applied the analysis-by-synthesis strategy to (1) the composition of melodies in the style of nursery tunes, (2) music performance and (3) vocal singing. The descriptions are formulated as generative grammars, which consist of a set of ordered, context-dependent rules capable of producing sound examples. These examples readily reveal observable weaknesses in the descriptions, the origins of which can be traced in the rule system and eliminated. The grammar describing the compositional style of the nursery tunes demonstrates the paramount relevance of a hierarchical structure. Principles underlying the transformation from a music score file to a synthesized performance are derived from recommendations by a violinist and music performance coach, and can thus be regarded as a description of his professional skills as musician and pedagogue. Also in this case the grammar demonstrates the relevance of a hierarchical structure in terms of grouping, and reflects the role of expectation in music listening. The rule system describing singing voice synthesis specifies acoustic characteristics of performance details. The descriptions are complemented by sound examples illustrating the effects of identified compositional and performance rules in the genres analysed.

Probabilistic Inference and Dynamic Programming: A Unified Approach to Multi-Agent Autonomous Coordination in Complex and Uncertain Environments

We present a unified approach to multi-agent autonomous coordination in complex and uncertain environments, using path planning as a problem context. We start by posing the problem on a probabilistic factor graph, showing how various path planning algorithms can be translated into specific message composition rules. This unified approach provides a very general framework that, in addition to including standard algorithms (such as sum-product, max-product, dynamic programming and mixed Reward/Entropy criteria-based algorithms), expands the design options for smoother or sharper distributions (resulting in a generalized sum/max-product algorithm, a smooth dynamic programming algorithm and a modified versions of the reward/entropy recursions). The main purpose of this contribution is to extend this framework to a multi-agent system, which by its nature defines a totally different context. Indeed, when there are interdependencies among the key elements of a hybrid team (such as goals, changing mission environment, assets and threats/obstacles/constraints), interactive optimization algorithms should provide the tools for producing intelligent courses of action that are congruent with and overcome bounded rationality and cognitive biases inherent in human decision-making. Our work, using path planning as a domain of application, seeks to make progress towards this aim by providing a scientifically rigorous algorithmic framework for proactive agent autonomy.

Comparative analysis of powder and piece decocting processes of Yinqiao Powder based on determination of multiple primary components

The present study established specific chromatograms and a method for determining multiple primary components in Yinqiao Powder decoctions and compared the change rules of chemical composition in powder and piece decocting processes of Yinqiao Powder to provide a scientific basis for the modern research of preparations of Yinqiao Powder. Powder and piece decoctions of Yinqiao Powder were prepared. The specific chromatograms were determined and the content of 17 primary components was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), including adoxosidic acid, neochlorogenic acid, forsythoside E, loganic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, sweroside, forsythoside Ⅰ, forsythoside H, forsythoside A, isochlorogenic acid B, E-aldosecologanin, hesperidin, phillyrin, arctiin, liquiritigenin, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The effect of decocting time on the chemical composition in powder and piece decoctions of Yinqiao Powder was investigated. As a result, the specific chromatogram similarities of powder decoctions of Yinqiao Powder with different decocting time were high, which indicated that their chemical compositions were similar, while the similarities of piece decoctions were low, suggesting similar chemical compositions with big differences. In powder decoctions, the concentrations of neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, forsytherin H, and isochlorogenic acid B increased with the prolongation of decocting time, and those of adoxosidic acid, forsythoside E, forsythoside Ⅰ, E-aldosecologanin, phillyrin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, loganic acid, arctiin, sweroside, and liquiritigenin increased firstly and tended to be stable, while those of forsythoside A, chlorogenic acid, and hesperidin increased firstly and then decreased. In piece decoctions, the concentration of chlorogenic acid increased firstly and then decreased with the prolongation of decocting time, while those of the remaining 16 components showed an upward trend. The concentrations of adoxosidic acid, forsythoside E, forsythoside Ⅰ, E-aldosecologanin, phillyrin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, forsythoside A, forsythoside H, and chlorogenic acid in powder decoctions were higher than those in piece decoctions. The concentrations of hesperidin, loganic acid, phillyrin, sweroside, liquiritigenin, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid in powder decoctions were higher than those in piece decoctions within 40 min of decocting. The concentration of isochlorogenic acid B in powder decoctions was lower than that in piece decoction 10 min after decocting. The results showed that the decocting time and particle size of raw medicinal materials had certain effects on the content of chemical components in decoctions of Yinqiao Powder. Compared with the piece decocting, the powder decocting could achieve faster resolution of chemical components and higher concentrations, which confirmed the scientific evidence of the traditional powder decocting method of Yinqiao Powder. For the piece decocting of prescriptions of Yinqiao Powder, extraction time should be prolonged and extraction times should be increased to achieve the same effect as the powder decocting.

Los Juzgados de Violencia Sobre la Mujer y el Derecho al Juez Ordinario Predeterminado por la Ley

La Ley Orgánica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género creó los Juzgados de Violencia sobre la Mujer, unos órganos especializados para el conocimiento de aquellos conflictos civiles y penales que se susciten en el ámbito de la violencia de género. La hipótesis de partida proviene de las dudas planteadas por la doctrina acerca de la posible constitucionalidad de dichos órganos en relación con las previsiones del derecho fundamental al juez legal reconocido en el art. 24 de la Constitución. No hay que olvidar que dicho derecho no solo exige de una ley que cree el órgano jurisdiccional, sino que además requiere, para garantizar la imparcialidad, y sobre todo la independencia, exigibles a cualquier órgano jurisdiccional, de la determinación genérica y apriorística de la competencia, así como la predeterminación legal de las normas de composición del órgano. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la posible vulneración de dicho derecho fundamental a la vista de que la competencia de tales Juzgados ha sido determinada en función del sexo de la víctima del delito. Para la realización del presente trabajo se ha procedido al análisis de la legislación, la doctrina más relevante sobre el tema, así como de la jurisprudencia, tanto constitucional como menor, que trata el derecho en cuestión habiendo hecho uso de una metodología deductiva para el desarrollo del trabajo. Se concluye como resultado, que nuestro legislador no fue muy cuidadoso con el respeto al derecho fundamental enunciado vulnerando el mismo.

Normalizing the Central Bank's Balance Sheet: Implications for Inflation and Debt Dynamics

AbstractWe explore the effects of reducing the overall size of the central bank's balance sheet and lowering its maturity structure. To do so, we consider an environment where fiscal policy is traditionally passive and the central bank follows the Taylor principle. In addition, the monetary authority has also explicit size and compositional rules regarding its balance sheet. Agents in this economy face limited commitment in some markets and government bonds can be used as collateral. When short‐ and long‐term public debt exhibit premia, changes in the central bank's balance sheet have implications for long‐run inflation and real allocations. To ensure a unique locally stable steady state, the central bank should target a low enough maturity composition of its balance sheet. In our numerical exercise, calibrated to the United States, we find that long‐term debt holdings by the central bank should be less than 0.5 times of their short‐term positions. Moreover, the process of balance sheet normalization should aggressively respond to the total debt issued in the economy relative to its target. These findings depend on the degree of liquidity of long‐term bonds. The more liquid long‐term bonds are, the lower is the value of the composition threshold and the parameter space consistent with unique and stable equilibria is smaller. In addition, we consider a modified Taylor rule that takes into account the premium. Such a rule increases the prevalence of multiplicity of steady states and delivers lower welfare. Thus, we argue that the traditional Taylor rule is appropriate for managing interest rates in the presence of premia.

Management-audit of process-oriented enterprises: problems and methodology

Authors elements of management-audit scientific and methodical apparatus of process-oriented enterprises based on controlling rules of selection, composition and visual (graphic) representation of the business process system using process modelling language TML are presented.

An Animation Model Generation Method Based on Gaussian Mutation Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Neural Network.

With the rapid development of computer graphics, 3D animation has been applied to all fields of people's lives, especially in the industries of film and television works, games, and entertainment. The wide application of animation technology makes it difficult for general 3D animation effects to impress increasingly discerning audiences. Group animation, as a new focus, has received more and more attention and has become a hot issue in computer graphics. Traditional animation production mainly relies on manual drawing and key frame technologies. The limitations of these technologies make the production of group animation consume a lot of manpower, financial resources, and time, and cannot guarantee the intelligence of characters and the authenticity of group behavior. Therefore, in order to end the above issues, this paper proposes an animation model generation method based on Gaussian mutation genetic algorithm to optimize neural network, including obtaining animation scene data, according to the animation scene data, and extracting animation model elements. The elements are input into the model network, the target animation model is generated, and the target animation model is displayed. The method proposed in this paper improves the animation model generation method in the prior art to a certain extent. The proposed animation model is constructed only through fixed rules, and the composition rules of the model cannot be changed according to the historical data of the animation model construction and other factors. Technical issues that reduce the flexibility and accuracy of the animation model generation.

How do drying-wetting cycles influence availability of heavy metals in sediment? A perspective from DOM molecular composition

Investigating the influence mechanism of drying-wetting cycles on the availability and mobility of heavy metals in sediment from the perspective of the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may gain a new understanding, but little current information exists. Here, we used spectral technologies, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental stoichiometry method to trace the change rules of the molecular composition of DOM in the riparian sediment of the river. Results showed that the drying-wetting cycles could benefit the degradation of labile fractions (e.g., proteins, aliphatics, and lipids) of DOM and retain the fractions with high aromaticity and molecular size (e.g., lignin). The decrease in the availability of Cd after drying-wetting alternation processes was highly related to these changes in DOM composition. However, the availability of Zn and Cu remained almost unchanged, which probably resulted from the release and depletion of N and S in sediment-derived DOM under drying-wetting alternation conditions. As for Cr, its exchangeable fraction was unchanged during the drying-wetting alternation process, likely due to its high stability in the sediment. These results have implications on the environmental geochemical cycling of heavy metals in the riparian sediment with frequent drying-wetting alternation.

Painted spaces: an exploration through embodied and expansive practice

ABSTRACT This article investigates the nature of perceptual and actual spaces created and occupied by painting. The focus is on two artistic projects taken up by the author that incorporate sculptural elements and site-specific explorations to create a series of work. The body of work retains characteristics unique to painting. These projects are situated against the background of a similar trend in contemporary painting that sees many painters taking their painterly gesture outside of the bounds and flat surface of the canvas. This investigation is also a search for establishing theory-practice relation as the author's own practice is analysed with the support of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological theory of embodied perception. This theory proposes the radical notion that sensation is an active reflective process and vision works in unity with different tactile and kinaesthetic senses. Reflective analysis of author's evolving practice – from the two-dimensional flat canvas to expansive installations on the terrain of a Himalayan village – opens up a productive opportunity for exploring how contemporary paintings incorporate and respond to space. Application of pigments through gestural brushstrokes on appropriate surfaces and strategically positioning these painted surfaces following compositional rules are ways of creating paintings in an expanded space.

HEAPS: A user-friendly tool for the design and exploration of high-entropy alloys based on semi-empirical parameters

The High-Entropy Alloys Predicting Software (HEAPS) (available for download at www.rpm.usm.cl) is a user-friendly and free tool conceived to explore and design high-entropy alloys through the calculation of several physical and semi-empirical parameters and the evaluation of multiple criteria addressing the prediction of their phase formation and mechanical properties. Thus, the software allows the evaluation of individual alloys and series of alloys according to certain user-defined composition rules. Additionally, HEAPS allows screening among thousands of alloys, aiming for particular microstructures or phases, based on the simultaneous evaluation of the several parameters and criteria included. This article presents a brief description of the parameters and criteria included in the current version of HEAPS, the algorithm, and the different functions involved in it. Lastly, two use cases are presented: i) using the Single Calculation mode to evaluate the performance of the criteria regarding the formation of the Laves phase in two high-entropy alloys and contrasting it with experimental data, and ii) using the Explorer mode, to screen and design ductile and light-weight single-phase refractory high-entropy alloys. Program summaryProgram title: High-Entropy Alloys Predicting SoftwareCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/dzcs9jgxn9.1Developer's repository link:www.rpm.usm.clLicensing provisions: Creative Commons CC0Programming language: MATLABNature of problem: The high-entropy alloys' field comprises an enormous amount of different alloy compositions and a rich variety of microstructures that determines their mechanical, electrochemical, and functional properties. Thus, tools for screening and designing high-entropy alloys are fundamental for a more efficient experimental exploration. The available methods regarding these aspects exhibit several restrictions, including, complex and time-consuming computation routines, closed-source codes, and paid software and/or databases.Solution method: HEAPS is a free, user-friendly, and open-source software conceived to explore and design high-entropy alloys, based on the use of physical and semi-empirical parameters, as well as the criteria available on literature, regarding the phase formation and mechanical properties of these metallic materials. Additionally, HEAPS can be used in conjunction with the other available approaches.Additional comments: HEAPS summarizes most of the semi-empirical parameters and criteria proposed during the last fifteen years regarding the phase formation and mechanical properties prediction of high-entropy alloys. Additionally, HEAPS allows evaluating multiple criteria simultaneously, introducing a new strategy for screening and exploring high-entropy alloys, aiming for particular phases, microstructures, or mechanical properties.

Affinity and Correlation in DNA

A statistical analysis of important DNA sequences and related proteins has been performed to study the relationships between monomers, and some general considerations about these macromolecules can be provided from the results. First, the most important relationship between sites in all the DNA sequences examined is that between two consecutive base pairs. This is an indication of an energetic stabilization due to the stacking interaction of these couples of base pairs. Secondly, the difference between human chromosome sequences and their coding parts is relevant both in the relationships between sites and in some specific compositional rules, such as the second Chargaff rule. Third, the evidence of the relationship in two successive triplets of DNA coding sequences generates a relationship between two successive amino acids in the proteins. This is obviously impossible if all the relationships between the sites are statistical evidence and do not involve causes; therefore, in this article, due to stacking interactions and this relationship in coding sequences, we will divide the concept of the relationship between sites into two concepts: affinity and correlation, the first with physical causes and the second without. Finally, from the statistical analyses carried out, it will emerge that the human genome is uniform, with the only significant exception being the Y chromosome.

Composition of Multipartite Quantum Systems: Perspective from Timelike Paradigm.

Figuring out the physical rationale behind natural selection of quantum theory is one of the most acclaimed quests in quantum foundational research. This pursuit has inspired several axiomatic initiatives to derive a mathematical formulation of the theory by identifying the general structure of state and effect space of individual systems as well as specifying their composition rules. This generic framework can allow several consistent composition rules for a multipartite system even when state and effect cones of individual subsystems are assumed to be quantum. Nevertheless, for any bipartite system, none of these compositions allows beyond quantum spacelike correlations. In this Letter, we show that such bipartite compositions can admit stronger-than-quantum correlations in the timelike domain and, hence, indicates pragmatically distinct roles carried out by state and effect cones. We discuss consequences of such correlations in a communication task, which accordingly opens up a possibility of testing the actual composition between elementary quanta.

Status Quo Analysis of Physical Fitness Test Data Based on Health Monitoring.

One of the important symbols of a country's level of social progress and the continuous spread of civilization throughout the world includes the level of national physique and health. People's living standards have been significantly improved, and a moderately prosperous society has been preliminarily realized. The national physique should be improved, especially the teenagers who are in the rapid and golden period of physical and psychological development. But not everything develops according to wishes. For the past 20 years, the physical health of Chinese students has been in a downward trend. Therefore, it is urgent to analyze and study the data of adolescent health monitoring and physical fitness test. Through the analysis of D-S evidence theory composition rules, SVM network protocol, and other technologies, the accuracy of adolescent physique monitoring data has been improved by 38.4%, enhanced students' willingness to exercise, 65% of students have enhanced physical health awareness, and a network data platform has been established, which can clearly reflect the physical health of students and summarize all monitoring data information. Teenagers are the future builders and successors of the country, and they play a pivotal role in the entire country. The analysis of the status quo of adolescent physical fitness test data is related to the strength of the country, the rise and fall of the nation, the happiness of the family, and the future of the individual.

Composition rules in original and cumulative prospect theory

Original and cumulative prospect theory differ in the composition rule used to combine the probability weighting function and the value function. We test the predictive power of these composition rules by performing a novel out-of-sample prediction test. We apply estimates of prospect theory’s weighting and value function obtained from two-outcome cash equivalents, a domain where original and cumulative prospect theory coincide, to three-outcome cash equivalents, a domain where the composition rules of the two theories differ. Although both forms of prospect theory predict three-outcome cash equivalents very well, at the aggregate level, we find small but systematic under-prediction of cash equivalents for cumulative prospect theory and small but systematic over-prediction of cash equivalents for original prospect theory. We also observe substantial heterogeneity across subjects and types of gambles, some of which is accounted for by differences in the curvature and elevation of the weighting function across individuals. We also find differences in prediction related to whether the worst outcome is zero or non-zero.

A Three-Dimensional Box-Counting Method to Study the Fractal Characteristics of Urban Areas in Shenyang, Northeast China

Modern expansion and three-dimensional growth are rapidly altering the morphological features of traditional cities. This morphological phenomenon fully reflects the internal organization mode and composition rules of modern cities. This study draws on the research method of three-dimensional fractal, focusing on the situation where there is less research on the fractal form at the block scale, and conducts a fractal research on the three-dimensional form of a city at the meso and micro scales, in order to reveal the fractal characteristics of modern urban density. Based on fractal theory, the urban form of Shenyang, Northeast China, was quantitatively analyzed using the box-counting (Minkowski–Bouligand) method to calculate the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) box dimensions of urban areas. Next, by analyzing the correlations between morphological indicators and 2D and 3D fractal dimensions, this study proposes cluster features of the correlation between the 3D fractal dimension and floor-area ratio. Then, this study summarizes the fractal characteristics of Shenyang’s urban form, based on the cluster analysis and spatial features of various urban areas within the city. The analysis results show the fractal dimension of Shenyang’s urban form to have characteristic expected values; fractal dimension clusters reflect spatial differences in the forms of different urban areas. The 3D D value of architectural morphology fractal in urban areas of Shenyang is between 2.41 and 2.70. From this, the representative characteristics of Shenyang’s urban form were obtained: first, it has the fractal characteristics of morphological hierarchy and system embeddedness; second, under unified and standardized management, its basic urban form structure displays the fractal characteristics of morphological similarity and system hierarchy; and third, its 3D urban form characteristics include the spatial accumulation of clusters and morphological patches, creating a patchwork of different building heights and densities, with the spatial clustering of density form highly correlated with the fractal dimension. The results of this research will provide reference samples for the morphological identification, design control, and design review of modern cities, and enrich the research results of the application of fractal theory to urban morphology at the meso and micro scales.

Parametric Experiments on Palladio’s 5 by 3 Villas

This paper investigates and describes the parametric reconstruction of Palladio’s villas, using his treatise, I Quattro libri dell’architettura, as the primary source. The process starts with an extensive comparison of Palladio’s rooms’ ratios, the compositional rules of the villas’ plans, and the digital creation of parametric architectural elements. Finally, the process of parametric construction on three selected case studies of 5 by 3 villas—Villa Poiana, Villa Zeno, and Villa Thiene in Cicogna—is undertaken. The developed instrument offers an experimental laboratory in which different hypotheses of integration by the authors, or other scholars with reference to the sources, could be tested.

A composition-oriented aesthetic view recommendation network supervised by the simplified golden ratio theory

Composition is the most vital element in photography. Previous research on automatic image cropping or view recommendation merely studied the aesthetic value of the cropping image without explicitly regarded the rules of composition. This work proposes a composition-oriented aesthetic view recommendation network supervised by the simplified golden ratio theory (CAVR-Net), compared to other methods that output only aesthetic scores, which outputs a sequence of local views with aesthetic rank and composition category for an image and helps to enhance the interpretation of aesthetic perception. We adopt a model distillation technique (teacher–student framework) to train the student model CAVR-S supervised by two teacher models including a composition prediction network (CPN) and an aesthetic evaluation network (AEN). In addition, for the challenging candidate crops selection problem in the image cropping task, we propose a candidate crops extraction scheme based on the simplified golden ratio theory, which reduces the training cost and improves the model performance. The CAVR-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets in the image cropping task and a real-time recommendation efficiency of 80+ fps in the view recommendation task. Our method has essential application value in intelligent photography guidance system or intelligent image analysis system based on image composition, such as photography guide, automatic post-processing, automatic extraction of video frames.

Contextual restrictions on cumulativity

This paper revisits the semantic variability of sentences with simple plural (in)definites in English and German, which permit distributive, cumulative and paired-cover construals. I argue that this variability reflects context-dependency rather than LF ambiguity (Schwarzschild 1996) and that the selection of a particular construal in context is driven by the QUD in the same way as the choice between maximal and non-maximal construals of plural definites (Malamud 2012; Križ 2015; Križ & Spector 2020). I then develop a new semantics for plural predication on which non-distributive and non-maximal construals form a natural class. The system extends the idea that non-maximality involves truth-value gaps (e.g. Križ 2015) to non-distributive construals by making use of Schmitt’s (2019) ‘plural projection’ framework, in which plural sentences involve special composition rules.

МЕТОДИКА РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-ДИЗАЙНЕРОВ

The article deals the problems of professional artistic training of design students in the process of teaching composition. The composition studies the laws of the creation of an artistic form and the means of artistic expression, organization of image perception. Compositional activity has an artistic and plastic character; it relies on the use of the language of art and consists in creating a new, holistic, original artistic image. The authors identify compositional thinking as one of the most important professional qualities of an artist and designer and reveal the methodology of its formation among students. The process of teaching composition – creating a painting, drawing, sculpture or design object – cannot be built as a simple linear process of learning image methods, compositional rules and techniques. The author's methodology is based on the method of problem tasks, which involves the formulation of an educational and creative task, the creation of a problem situation; comprehension, acceptance and resolution of the problem, during which students master generalized methods of artistic and creative activity. At the same time, the creative process is considered as a series of successive stages associated with the work of productive or creative imagination, and requiring the provision of visual or other information in the process of work. The article presents the results of the ascertaining and formative stages of experimental work on the development of compositional thinking of art students in the process of mastering expressive means, such as line, spot, texture, color, as well as compositional techniques and rules (static, dynamics, dominant, rhythm, etc.). The authors have developed a series of creative exercises, described the methodology of their implementation and the criteria are proposed to determine the level of development of students' compositional thinking based on the evaluation of their creative works.