Rosa Species Research Articles

In Vitro Functional Properties of Rosehips from 'Aurora' Edible Garden Rose's Collection.

Although they have been extensively studied in many species of the genus Rosa L., garden roses' hips have largely been overlooked. To investigate their potential use in the food industry, this study evaluated five cultivars from 'Aurora' collection: 'Purple Aurora', 'Berry Bush Aurora', 'Aromatic Aurora', 'Butterfly Aurora', and 'Rugose White Aurora'. Morphological characterization, along with the assessment of the phenolic profile, vitamin C levels, and biological activities-including antioxidant and neuroprotective effects-was conducted. The fruit mass reached 5.15 g, while the mesocarp mass ranged from 3 to 4 g, resulting in a mesocarp-to-fruit ratio of over 75%. The total phenolic content ranged from 37.1 to 63.9 mg GAE/g de, while total flavonoids were present in amounts from 0.85 to 2.14 mg QE/g de. Rosehip extracts from four out of five cultivars exhibited a very high vitamin C content, reaching 2384 µg/g fw. Quinic acid and 31 phenolic compounds were found in the rosehip extract of at least one cultivar. Results indicated 'Aurora' rosehips have potent antioxidant properties and a moderate inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, highlighting their potential as a source of functional food. Additional research is needed to fully leverage these benefits and establish garden rosehips as a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants.

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and resequencing provide insights into the origin and breeding of modern rose.

Modern rose (Rosa hybrida) is a recently formed interspecific hybrid and has become one of the most important and widely cultivated ornamentals. Here we report the haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the tetraploid R. hybrida 'Samantha' ('JACmantha') and a genome variation map of 233 Rosa accessions involving various wild species, and old and modern cultivars. Homologous chromosomes of 'Samantha' exhibit frequent homoeologous exchanges. Population genomic and genomic composition analyses reveal the contributions of wild Rosa species to modern roses and highlight that R. odorata and its derived cultivars are important contributors to modern roses, much like R. chinensis 'Old Blush'. Furthermore, selective sweeps during modern rose breeding associated with major agronomic traits, including continuous and recurrent flowering, double flower, flower senescence and disease resistance, are identified. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of modern rose origin and breeding history, and offers unprecedented genomic resources for rose improvement.

Measurement and comparison of quality characteristics, bioactivity of marmalades produced with wild Rosa and Berberis fruit species

Measurement and comparison of quality characteristics, bioactivity of marmalades produced with wild Rosa and Berberis fruit species

Morphological characterization and genetic diversity of mini core collection of Rosa damascena from Morocco

Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is a popular Rosa species cultivated for the industrial production of rose oil worldwide. In the current study, the morphological characteristics and genetic diversity among 12 populations of these species collected from Kelaat M’gouna in Morocco were examined to identify more variable traits and compare their genetic structure. Observations were recorded for a total of 24 morphological traits. The phenotypic variation coefficient (CV) of the studied traits varied from 4.79 % to 42.52 %, confirming the high phenotypic variation between accessions. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into two major clusters based on their morphological resemblance. For molecular investigations, nuclear DNA was amplified using 13 ISSR markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the highest proportion was within populations (87 %) rather than between them (13 %). Boutaghrar region recorded high values of genetic diversity (He = 0.237), percentage polymorphic loci (PPL = 67 %) and Shannon information index (I = 0.358) Clustering based on Jaccard similarity divided studied the accessions into three distinct clusters. STRUCTURE analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were consistent with the genetic relationships derived from cluster analysis. Our study suggests that the wide genetic variation and haplotype observed in Moroccan Damascene roses are valuable for future improvement and conservation of rose programs, particularly for enhancing commercial traits, flower yield, and breeding stability.

Fruit micromorphology and morphometry of eight wild-growing roses in Serbia

This study investigates the micromorphology and morphometrics of aggregate fruit (ripe hypanthium and achene) of eight wild Rosa species collected throughout Serbia. Field research was conducted to find roses at different habitats, collecting 1,836 aggregate fruits with 25,999 achenes from 137 shrubs. Multicellular glandular trichomes are found on the hypanthium surface, while long and short stalk capitate glandular trichomes were observed on the fruits of R. gallica, R. pendulina, R. tomentosa and R. villosa. Numerous unicellular non-glandular trichomes were found inside the urceolate hypanthium and on the surface of most studied achenes, except for R. spinosissima species. Micromorphological analysis revealed three types of exocarp ornamentation: scalariform (R. dumetorum, R. tomentosa and R. micrantha), reticulate (R. gallica, R. arvensis, R. spinosissima and R. villosa) and reticulate-smooth (R. pendulina). Morphometric analysis indicated significant differences among the 14 morphological characters. Achene length was the most significant morphometric feature for identifying Rosa species (P˂0.05). The results contribute to our poor knowledge of rose fruit morphology and provide some well-defined microcharacters that could be used as additional features for species delimitation.

A polyphenol fraction from Rosa multiflora var. platyphylala reduces body fat in overweight humans through appetite suppression - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Rosa species are rich sources of polyphenols with physiological functions. In this study a polyphenol-rich Rosa multiflora (var. platyphylala) petal extract (RoseFit™) was investigated for weight loss in humans. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind clinical trial seventy overweight male and female subjects (20-50 years) with body mass index (BMI) 25-30kg/m2 were randomly allocated to the active treatment group (RoseFit) and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. The subjects received 300mg capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome measures included body weight, BMI, and body composition, as determined using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Secondary measures consisted of serum lipid profile and appetite marker (leptin and ghrelin) analyses. Safety analyses included biochemical and hematological assessments. At the end of the study, a marked reduction in body weight (-1.20 ± 2.62kg, p < 0.05) and BMI from baseline was observed in the RoseFit group. In addition, the body fat % (RoseFit = -1.69 ± 2.59%, placebo = 0.96 ± 3.21%; p < 0.001) and fat mass (RoseFit = -1.75 ± 1.80kg, placebo = 1.61 ± 3.82kg; p < 0.001) were significantly abated in RoseFit group. Importantly, the lean mass was maintained during the intervention. RoseFit ingestion significantly increased the serum leptin levels compared to the placebo (4.85%; p < 0.05). Further, RoseFit group showed reduction in the hunger hormone ghrelin level (2.27%; p < 0.001) from baseline to the end of study, compared to the placebo. The subjective evaluation of appetite using visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires further confirmed the appetite-suppression effects of RoseFit. The lipid profile significantly improved in RoseFit-treated subjects. No serious adverse events were observed during the study, indicating the tolerability of RoseFit. Supplementation with RoseFit significantly impacts body weight management and can thus be a potential nutraceutical ingredient for sustainable weight loss. CTRI/2019/10/021584 dated 09/10/2019.

Comparative metabolomics profiling reveals the unique bioactive compounds and astringent taste formation of rosehips

Rosehips are a prominent source of numerous bioactive compounds. However, despite their extensive potential, the metabolic profiles among different rosehip species have not been fully elucidated. In this study, 523 secondary metabolites from rosehips of 12 Rosa species were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. They were primarily composed of flavonoids and phenolic acids. A K-means analysis revealed the characteristic metabolites in different rosehips. For example, R. persica contained a more abundant supply of phenolic acids, while R. roxburghii harbored a richer array of terpenoids. A total of 73 key active ingredients were screened from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and they indicated that R. persica is more promising for use in functional foods or health supplements compared with the other fruits. Moreover, a differential analysis identified 47 compounds as potential contributors to the astringent taste of rosehips, including ellagic acid 4-O-glucoside and cadaverine. This study provides valuable information to develop new functional foods of rosehips and improve the quality of their fruits.

Combining Image Classification and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Estimate the State of Explorer Roses

The production of Explorer roses has historically been attractive due to the acceptance of the product around the world. This species of roses presents high sensitivity to physical contact and manipulation, creating a challenge to keep the final product quality after cultivation. In this work, we present a system that combines the capabilities of intelligent computer vision and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to identify the state of roses ready for cultivation. The system uses a deep learning-based approach to estimate Explorer rose crop yields by identifying open and closed rosebuds in the field using videos captured by UAVs. The methodology employs YOLO version 5, along with DeepSORT algorithms and a Kalman filter, to enhance counting precision. The evaluation of the system gave a mean average precision (mAP) of 94.1% on the test dataset, and the rosebud counting results obtained through this technique exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.998) with manual counting. This high accuracy allows one to minimize the manipulation and times used for the tracking and cultivation process.

A Review on Antioxidant Activity of Rosa Damascena

Rosa damascena is one of the most important Rosa species for the flavour and fragrance activities. Roses are well known as ornamental plants grown for their flowers in garden and indoors. This plant is cultivated all over the world including Iran, Europe, Bulgaria, Turkey and India. Various parts of Rosa damascena like petals, hips, stems, leaves and roots having medicinal properties and contains various secondary metabolites including vitamins and minerals. The flower petals of Rosa damascena are high in phytonutrients with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This plant has been used in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine since ancient era and have many pharmacological properties including anti-HIV, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitussive, hypnotic, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiaging, anti-inflammatory and others. Various products can be obtained from Rosa damascena are rose water, rose oil and medicinal products. Keywords: Rosa damascena, Damask rose, Antioxidant activity, Rose oil, Rose water

A review of Agrilus cuprescens (Ménétries, 1832), the rose stem girdler, in North America

Abstract Agrilus cuprescens (Ménétries, 1832), the rose stem girdler, is a Palearctic Buprestidae (Coleoptera) pest of Rosa and Rubus species. Its introduction and consequent spread across North America may now make it the most widely distributed Agrilus species, globally. No evidence reviewed indicated A. cuprescens was present in North America long before it was first reported on Rosa in New Jersey, USA, in 1913. The species incrementally progressed westward, reaching the Pacific coast in Washington, USA, 101 years later. Future spread is most likely within the northern Canadian prairies and the Pacific Northwest regions. Its presence in the latter region poses a contemporary threat to epicentres of Rubus production in both the United States and Canada. As of 2022, confirmed spread within the region extended nearly to the Canadian border in Washington and the southern Willamette Valley in Oregon. The most comprehensive, foundational investigations of A. cuprescens in North America were conducted in the late 1930s and early 1940s in New York, USA, and in Utah, USA, during the late 1950s and early 1960s following damaging outbreaks on Rubus. Ongoing research in the Pacific Northwest is attempting to refine information on this pest as it progresses towards naturalization within a new North American ecological and agricultural context. This review aggregates and clarifies the geographical progression, biological understandings and management of this species in North America, which has been fraught with a convoluted history of misidentifications, and varying degrees of consideration given to it as a pest of concern.

Technology for obtaining a dry complex of basfrom a plant of the from species Rosa beggeriana Schrenk

The study of medicinal plant raw materials as a source for the creation of unique and highly effective medicines based on it is of great importance for the development of pharmacy and medicine in Kazakhstan. Various types of rosehip contain a valuable complex of biologically active compounds (BAC), which causes their widespread use in folk medicine due to antioxidant, antiinflammatory, choleretic and body-strengthening effects, as well as pharmacopoeial objects of both the plants themselves and the medicines obtained on their basis. The object of this study – Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, which grows only in Asia, in particular Kazakhstan, Iran, and some parts of China, and has an almost unexplored valuable arsenal of compounds with biological activity, can increase the share of domestic medicines in the pharmaceutical market of the country. Goals and objectives. The purpose is to identify the suitability of raw material for further use in medicine. Research methods. The research object was collected during the fruiting season along the Ili River in the Almaty region and dried in accordance with recommendations for this type of raw material. In this study, chemical and physicochemical research methods were used. The article presents data on the establishment of the goodness of the studied Rosa beggeriana Schrenk plants and the dry complex of BAC obtained on a comparative context with the wellknown pharmacopoeia species of this plant family of Rosa canina plants, the mineral composition of macro- and microelements and the development of an optimal technology for obtaining a complex of biologically active substances from Rosa beggeriana Schrenk in the form of a dry extract. Conclusion. It has been established that this type of rose hip can be used for medical purposes and is not inferior in quality to the widespread type of rose hip Rosa canina. Parameters were also established under which the highest yield of raw materials can be obtained.

UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-Based Analysis of Various Edible Rosa Fruits Concerning Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities.

The genus Rosa is globally popular with well-established applications since it has a high edible and medicinal value. However, relatively limited research has been conducted on the composition and quality of wild Rosa fruits. The present study aimed to compare the properties and chemical components of five wild edible Rosa fruits, Rosa roxburghii, Rosa sterilis, Rosa laevigata, Rosa davurica, and Rosa sericea. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS approach identified the key metabolites among the five Rosa fruits as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. The main differential metabolites among the five fruits are flavonoids (22.29-45.13%), phenolic acids (17-22.27%), and terpenoids (7.7-24%), respectively. In total, 125 compounds served as potential markers for the five Rosa species. Differential metabolic pathways of five Rosa fruits were analyzed using the KEGG approach. Rosa laevigata fruits showed the highest total polysaccharide (TPS) content of 64.48 g/100 g. All the five Rosa extracts effectively decreased the levels of malondialdehyde while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the H2O2-induced HaCaT cell model, demonstrating high potential for antioxidant development. Our findings suggest that the five studied Rosa fruits exhibit biological activity and edible value worth further exploration.

Investigation of Rosa species by an optimized LC-QTOF-MS/MS method using targeted and non-targeted screening strategies combined with multivariate chemometrics.

Plants of the Rosa genus are renowned for their pronounced and pleasant aroma and colors. The aim of this work was to develop a novel liquid chromatographic triple quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometric (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) method for the investigation of the bioactive fingerprint of petals of different genotypes belonging to Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia species. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of the LC-QTOF-MS/MS method. The method was validated and target, suspect, and non-target screening workflows were applied. Statistical analysis and chemometric tools were utilized to explore the metabolic fingerprint of the Rosa species. RSM revealed that the optimal extraction parameters involved mixing 11 mg of sample with 1mL of MeOH:H2O (70:30, v/v). Target analysis confirmed the presence of 11 analytes, all of which demonstrated low limits of quantification (LOQs; as low as 0.048 ng mg-1) and sufficient recoveries (RE: 85%-107%). In total, 28 compounds were tentatively identified through suspect analysis. Non-target analysis enabled the generation of robust OPLS-DA and HCA models that classified the samples according to their species with 100% accuracy. A novel LC-QTOF-MS/MS method was developed and applied in the analysis of 47 R.centifolia and R.damascena flowers belonging to different genotypes.

Determination of Volatile Compounds in Blossoms of Rosa spinosissima, Rosa pendulina, Rosa gallica, and Their Cultivars

The aim of our study was to determine how the content and composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) change with crossbreeding. We included three autochthonous Slovenian species of roses (R. pendulina, R. spinosissima, and R. gallica) and several cultivars derived from them in the research. The results were compared with the content of the reference plant R. damascena, which is known worldwide for its rich VOC profile and is used in the perfume industry. We found that the total VOC content ranged from 2.579 µg/g FW (‘Fruhlingsmorgen’) to 168.24 µg/g FW (‘Violacea’). According to the content of total VOCs, the variety ‘Charles de Mills’ (43.12 µg/g DM) was the most similar to the variety R. damascena (44.55 µg/g DM). We can conclude that the flowers of the roses we included in the study are a rich source of VOCs. VOC content in hybrids varies depending on the purpose and goals of breeders. We also found that flowering time had no effect on VOC content and composition. With this study, we not only carefully examined the VOC profile of roses but also clearly showed which compounds were present in individual taxa. In this way, it is possible to select a suitable variety or cultivar depending on the desired use, for example, for flavoring food or for a floral fragrance in the perfume industry.

A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Rosa Species (Rosaceae).

The Rosa L. genus is a significant plant family in the Rosaceae group, consisting of around 200 species, primarily shrubs. In India, it has 37 species, most located in the Western Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Roses are highly regarded for their beauty and growth and are popular worldwide for their nutritional, therapeutic, ornamental, and cosmetic value. The rose hips are utilized in creating various food and drink items, such as jams, jellies, teas, and alcoholic beverages. The Rosa species has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative/anticancer, anti-arthritic, neurological, and anti-obesity activity. This review aims to provide an in- -depth overview of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Rosa species in India, focusing on Rosa indica L., which has significant potential for future chemical and biological research.

Rosehip Phytochemicals: A Computational Approach for Inhibiting Protein Kinase C Delta in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer that is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma is a complex process that involves various signalling pathways and molecular mechanisms. One such pathway is the protein kinase C delta pathway, which has been shown to play a critical role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma employs different techniques including use of imaging tools and biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein, des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin, Glypican-3, and protein kinase C delta. protein kinase C delta is a member of the protein kinase C family of serine/threonine kinases that regulates various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Inhibition of protein kinase C delta has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Several protein kinase C delta inhibitors have been developed and tested in preclinical studies, and some have shown promising results in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Rosehip of various Rosa species are rich in biologically active compound which possess therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous and hepato-protectant. This study employs various bioinformatic tools to assess molecular, biological, and pharmacological activity of phytochemicals present in rosehip against protein kinase C delta. In order to choose hit compounds, a number of factors are taken into account, including biological activity, binding affinity (docking score), pharmacokinetics, physiochemical characteristics, physicochemical properties, ADME/t properties, and biological activity. Six compounds (quercetin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeine) out of 14 docked compounds matched the requirements. These six phytochemicals might be studied in vitro and in vivo to determine their effectiveness and efficiency.

A systematic review of the analytical method identified phytomedicine and pharmacological potency of Rosa species with special attention on Rosa centifolia

Objective: Globally, Rosa species herbal plants are often used as a natural remedy to prevent and cure various health problems without or with minimal toxic effects. Rosa species are rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and alkaloids. Phytomedicines are used to treat various diseases and disorders because of their clinical potency.&#x0D; Material and method: The searches were performed using various databases, including PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com/), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/), and Google Scholar (http://www.scholar.google.com/).&#x0D; Result: India is well known for its geographical diversity, a rich collection of medicinally active plants, and numerous traditional herbal drug treatment systems that are acknowledged as “living traditions”. However, there is no collective report on the significant Rosa species with respect to the recent advancement in clinically active plant investigation. Hence, the key effort of the present review work is to report the identified phytomedicine and pharmacological activity majorly used Rosa species that have grown in India and other countries throughout the world. This review was completed on the basis of a complete national and international literature survey.&#x0D; Conclusion: In this review, we provide summarised and collective scientific information on the prominent Rosa species, used plant part, their extract, used analytical methods, biochemical and their respective medicinal activity to develop new ethnomedicine in the future.&#x0D; Keywords: Rosa species, analytical method, biochemical, pharmacological activity

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Rosa ‘Limoncello’ (Rosales: Rosaceae)

Rosa ‘Limoncello’ finds applications in gardening and landscaping. In this study, we assembled and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of this variety for the first time. The length of its chloroplast genome was 156,493 bp, containing two short inverted repeat regions of 26,052 bp, each separated by a large single-copy region of 85,649 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,740 bp. The chloroplast DNA of R. ‘Limoncello’ consisted of 135 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. On comparing the complete chloroplast sequence of R. ‘Limoncello’ with that of other Rosa species, R. ‘Limoncello’ was found to be closely related to Rosa cymosa. Thus, information on the chloroplast genome sequence of this rose variety can facilitate phylogenetic studies of the genus Rosa.

Pollen Morphology of Some Melliferous Rosaceae Species of the Leningrad Region

Abstract—Using light and scanning electron microscopes, the pollen morphology of 11 wild and introduced melliferous species widely distributed in the Leningrad Region and belonging to 9 genera of the Rosaceae family was studied. It was found that pollen grains of all the studied species are of medium size, 25–40 microns, occasionally slightly smaller, most of them are 3-furrowed, in Sanguisorba officinalis L. 6-furrowed, with a striate or derived from it sculpture. In the dispersed state, pollen is easily determined to the family, and often to the genus. However, species of Rosa and Rubus are poorly distinguished by pollen. The data obtained can help honey producers to simplify the botanical identification of Rosaceae pollen in tested honey samples.

Search for Toxic Trace Elements in Rosa rugosa Thunb. By Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis: Accumulation and Responses to Exposure

Species of the genus Rosa L. are widely used in urban gardening, and they are of considerable interest as plants accumulating heavy metals in an urban environment. Literature data are ambiguous about whether these species accumulate trace and toxic elements. Its fruits are used as medicinal raw materials in folk and official medicine. The purpose of the study is to determine whether this type of wild rose accumulates toxic metals (as well as various macro- and microelements), if so, which ones and in which organs, and to what extent raw materials of the plant can be used. For the first time, multi-element instrumental neutron activation analysis at the reactor IBR-2 of FLNP JINR in Dubna, Russia, was applied to examine accumulation of major and trace elements in various organs of Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Rosaceae family), namely, roots, leaves, fruits and seeds. A total of 33 elements (Al, Ca, Cl, I, Mg, Mn, V, As, Br, K, La, Na, Mo, Sm, U, W, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Yb, and Zn) were determined. Samples were taken in the summer-autumn period of 2020, both in the city of St. Petersburg and on the coast of the Baltic Sea, Russia. This research found no critical accumulation of trace and toxic elements in different organs of R. rugose, but revealed quite high accumulation of Fe and Co in urban transport highway area.