Rosa Species Research Articles

An update on the health benefits promoted by edible flowers and involved mechanisms

The aim of this review is to provide new findings on health effects of edible flowers since 2015. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have been reviewed, and the effective concentrations of flower extracts have been summarized. Among all the health benefits mentioned, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have rarely been mentioned before 2015. Some health benefits mechanisms of edible flowers were discussed frequently after 2015. Some newly found phytochemicals such as polysaccharides were shown to be beneficial to human health. Species of Rosa, Chrysanthemum, and Osmanthus have been reported to exert different health effects on human. For the toxicity studies, the safe level of flower extracts in cell and animal models were at hundreds of parts per million (ppm) level. In consideration of health promoting effects and toxicities of edible flowers, they could serve as potential natural health products for different health benefits.

Distribution of rose hip (Rosa canina L.) under current and future climate conditions

This study aims to model the potential distribution areas of the species Rosa canina L. (rose hip) and to predict and analyse possible future changes in its distribution under given climate change scenarios. Nineteen bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database were applied to 180 known species presence locations and the potential distribution area of the species under current conditions was identified using MaxEnt. To determine the future geographical distribution of the species under the impact of climate change, the Community Climate System Model (CCSM ver. 4) was used. The climate change scenarios were taken from the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for 2050 and 2070 developed in line with the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In addition, change analysis was carried out to identify the precise differences of area and location between the current and future potential distributions of the species, specifying habitat gains, habitat losses and stable habitats. Finally, a jackknife test was carried out to determine which individual bioclimatic variables affect the geographical distribution of the species the most. The study found that areas totalling 170,596 km2 are currently ‘highly suitable’ for Rosa canina L., but that this area will contract to 114,474 km2 by 2070 in the RCP 4.5 scenario and to 41,146 km2 by 2070 in the RCP 8.5 scenario. The mean temperature of the wettest quarter was the most influential bioclimatic variable affecting the distribution of the species.

Molecular Assessment of Genetic Stability Using CDDP and DNA-barcoding Assays in Long-term Micropropagated Rose Plant.

Roses are the world's best-known garden plants, established as ornamental plants cultivated for their blooms. Taif rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala) refers to the Damascus Rose species and is regarded one of Taif Governorate's most significant financial goods, which produces an extremely fragrant commercially precious essential oil. The objective of current study was to assess the genetic stability of micropropagated Taif rose and to assess the usefulness of Conserved DNA Derived Polymorphism (CDDP) and DNA-barcoding genes such as; rpoC1 (chloroplast gene RNA polymerase1) in the detection of somaclonal variation. Ten combinations of CDDP PCR primers were employed and the rpoC1 gene region was sequenced for mother plant (control) and micropropagated plantlets of Taif rose plant. Based on CDDP data, phylogenetic divergence indicated that the distinct specimens of Taif rose micro-propagated plantlets and control were genetically differentiated by a difference of 1% of genetic dissimilarity. Phylogenetic tree which developed using rpoC1 DNA showed that rpoC1 DNA sequencing discovered a genetic difference between the control and micro-propagated plantlets of Taif rose. Furthermore, CDDP and DNA barcoding using rpoC1 gene have demonstrated their usefulness in investigating the genetic history of Rosa species and their ability to explore genetic mutation.

Antibacterial activity of the rose extract

Rose belongs to the family Rosaceae. Hundred (n=100) species of roses are locally available. Roses are native primarily to...

Molecular markers from the chloroplast genome of rose provide a complementary tool for variety discrimination and profiling

The rose is one of the most important ornamental woody plants because of its extensive use and high economic value. Herein, we sequenced a complete chloroplast genome of the miniature rose variety Rosa ‘Margo Koster’ and performed comparative analyses with sequences previously published for other species in the Rosaceae family. The chloroplast genome of Rosa ‘Margo Koster’, with a size of 157,395 bp, has a circular quadripartite structure typical of angiosperm chloroplast genomes and contains a total of 81 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. Conjunction regions in the chloroplast genome of Rosa ‘Margo Koster’ were verified and manually corrected by Sanger sequencing. Comparative genome analysis showed that the IR contraction and expansion events resulted in rps19 and ycf1 pseudogenes. The phylogenetic analysis within the Rosa genus showed that Rosa ‘Margo Koster’ is closer to Rosa odorata than to other Rosa species. Additionally, we identified and screened highly divergent sequences and cpSSRs and compared their power to discriminate rose varieties by Sanger sequencing and capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that 15 cpSSRs are polymorphic, but their discriminating power is only moderate among a set of rose varieties. However, more than 150 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were discovered in the flanking region of cpSSRs, and the results indicated that these SNVs have a higher divergence and stronger power for profiling rose varieties. These findings suggest that nucleotide mutations in the chloroplast genome may be an effective and powerful tool for rose variety discrimination and DNA profiling. These molecular markers in the chloroplast genome sequence of Rosa spp. will facilitate population and phylogenetic studies and other related studies of this species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of new species candidate of Rosa rugosa (Rosaceae)

Completed mitochondrial genome of a new species candidate of Rosa rugosa, named as Rosa angusta, is 303,484 bp long. The overall GC content of this mitochondrial genome is 45.2%. It contains 52 genes covering 31 protein-coding genes, 17 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs. In comparison to R. rugosa mitochondrial genome assembled from the public NGS raw reads, 124 SNPs and 769 INDELs were identified. Phylogenetic trees suggest that more Rosa mitochondrial genomes will be needed to understand phylogenetic relationship of the two Rosa species.

Pollen morphology and variability of the Rosa L. species of Western Himalaya in India

The present study aimed to understand the pollen morphological variation among and within the Rosa L. species of Western Himalaya, India, and to investigate whether the pollen characters may help to distinguish these species of roses. The pollen morphology of nine Rosa species viz. R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. damascena Mill., R. foetida var. persiana (Lem.) Rehder, R. moschata Herrm, R. multiflora Thunb, R. nanothamnus Boulenger, R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle, and R. macrophylla Lindl were studied. A total of 31 accessions of roses were collected from Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, and Himachal Pradesh. Ten quantitative characters, i.e., length of the polar axis (P), length of equatorial axis (E), exine thickness (Ex), length of colpi (LeC), width of striae (Sr), width of groove (Gr), number of striae (Ns), Polar area index (PAI) and P/E ratio were studied. The measurements and observations were carried out with both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of all the studied species were tricolporate. Prolate and subprolate shapes were the dominant pollen shape types. The highest and lowest polar axis length was observed for R. canina (32.73 µm) and R. moschata (25.42 µm), respectively. The average colpi length in the studied species was 22.19 µm, with R. macrophylla having a minimum length of 13.42 µm and R. canina with a maximum length of 34.03 µm. Results of the principal component analysis indicated that the principal component (PC1) attributed 42.10% of the total variation, and positively associated with P, E, LeC, and Ns. Exine ornamentation almost distinguished all the species of Rosa in this study.

Систематическая, флористическая и экологическая характеристика видов рода Rosa L., распространенных в Нахичеванской автономной республике

The article presents data on the systematical structure, ecological groups, and areal classes of Rosa L. genus spread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of researches in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the concept of 30 species of Rosa L genus was developed and spreading of these species by vertical heights, as well as geographic range classes based on regional and zonal principles, were determined.

Aldose reductase inhibition of Rosa hybrida petals and its active component, kaempferol

The aldose reductase inhibitory activity of extracts from Rosa hybrida petals was evaluated, and a bioactive flavonoid, kaempferol, was isolated from petals via bioassay-guided isolation. Kaempferol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of R. hybrida and was shown to exhibit strong inhibition against aldose reductase (IC50 = 0.02 µM). Quantitative analyses of kaempferol in R. hybrida petals, different flower parts, and different Rosa species were also performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. This study is the first to establish that R. hybrida contains kaempferol and that the light-pink petals of this edible rose species exhibit the highest content of the naturally occurring aldose reductase inhibitor. The results of this study suggested the potential role of R. hybrida petals in the treatment and management of diabetic complications via aldose reductase inhibition.

PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIPOPHILIC FRACTION OF PLANTS OF THE PLANT ROSA CANINA L. GENUS ROSA

The genus of wild rose, or Rosa L., belongs to the family Rosaceae. It has many cultural forms, bred under the general name Rosa. At the moment, more than 400 species of rose hips are known. Usually these are upright shrubs, less often creepers, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants. Rosehip is common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, it can often be found in the mountainous regions of the tropical zone. Some species of rose hips are common from the Arctic Circle in the north to Ethiopia in the south. On the American continent - from Canada to Mexico, Favorable conditions for Rosehip are in the Mediterranean region. Several species of the Rosehip genus have an extensive distribution area. Kazakhstan has significant resources of medicinal raw materials of plant origin. Among the most priority representatives of the wild flora are species of the rosehip genus - Rosa L. as a most valuable medicinal plant. In total, 21 species of wild rose grow in the republic, including 5 in the central Kazakhstan: R. glabrifolia - sh. naked, R. laxa Retz. - w. loose, R. acicularis Lindl. - (W. needlefish), R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) - sh. May (W. cinnamon) and R. pimpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - W. femoral cell. Kazakhstan species of the genus Rosa L. Rose hips are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances and are widely used both in medicine and in cooking. In this paper, a comparative analysis of rose hips, Rosa canina L., harvested in the fall of 2018 is carried out. Plant raw materials are collected in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The crushed air-dry raw materials were extracted with hexane and chloroform in the ratio of raw materials-reagent (1:10) in a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting extract was concentrated under mild conditions to a thick concentrate, which was analyzed on a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector. The analyzes were carried out on a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector 6890N / 5973C (Agilent, USA). The peaks detected in the chromatograms were identified using the NIST’11 and Wiley 10 mass spectral libraries. The article first studied and conducted a comparative analysis of lipophilic substances contained in the fruits of the plant Rosa canina L, harvested in the Almaty region. The extracts mainly include hydrocarbons, derivatives of higher carboxylic acids, higher alcohols and some other substances, in particular butyl tetradecyl ether of hydrochloric acid, [4- (2-methylpentanoylsulfamoyl) phenyl] amide of 2-methylpentanoic acid in hexane extract and, butyl undecyl ether sulfuric acid, eicosyl trifluoroacetate and ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-4-azafluorenone, 2-fluorenilim in the chloroform extract. Further work will be continued in order to determine the potential biological activity of the obtained extracts. Keywords: Rosa canina L., СКФ-экстракция, никотин, GC-MS, химический состав.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Rosa laevigata var. leiocarpus in China and phylogenetic relationships

Rosa laevigata var. leiocarpus has excellent edible, ornamental and medicinal value in China. In this study, we presented the complete chloroplast genome of R. laevigata var. leiocarpus. The whole chloroplast genome is 156,373 bp in size, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IR 26,047 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC 85,494 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC 18,785 bp). The R. laevigata var. leiocarpus chloroplast genome encodes 139 annotated known unique genes including 92 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 18 plant species reveals that R. laevigata var. leiocarpus was clustered and closest with Rosa roxburghii and also closer to other Rosa species in the evolutionary relationship.

Asymmetrical canina meiosis is accompanied by the expansion of a pericentromeric satellite in non-recombining univalent chromosomes in the genus Rosa.

Background and AimsDespite their abundant odd-ploidy (2n = 5x = 35), dogroses (Rosa sect. Caninae) are capable of sexual reproduction due to their unique meiosis. During canina meiosis, two sets of chromosomes form bivalents and are transmitted by male and female gametes, whereas the remaining chromosomes form univalents and are exclusively transmitted by the egg cells. Thus, the evolution of chromosomes is expected to be driven by their behaviour during meiosis.MethodsTo gain insight into differential chromosome evolution, fluorescence in situ hybridization was conducted for mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in four dogroses (two subsections) using satellite and ribosomal DNA probes. By exploiting high-throughput sequencing data, we determined the abundance and diversity of the satellite repeats in the genus Rosa by analysing 20 pentaploid, tetraploid and diploid species in total.Key ResultsA pericentromeric satellite repeat, CANR4, was found in all members of the genus Rosa, including the basal subgenera Hulthemia and Hesperhodos. The satellite was distributed across multiple chromosomes (5–20 sites per mitotic cell), and its genomic abundance was higher in pentaploid dogroses (2.3 %) than in non-dogrose species (1.3 %). In dogrose meiosis, univalent chromosomes were markedly enriched in CANR4 repeats based on both the number and the intensity of the signals compared to bivalent-forming chromosomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and cluster analysis revealed high intragenomic homogeneity of the satellite in dogrose genomes.ConclusionsThe CANR4 satellite arose early in the evolution of the genus Rosa. Its high content and extraordinary homogeneity in dogrose genomes is explained by its recent amplification in non-recombining chromosomes. We hypothesize that satellite DNA expansion may contribute to the divergence of univalent chromosomes in Rosa species with non-symmetrical meiosis.

The chloroplasts genomic analyses of Rosa laevigata, R. rugosa and R. canina

BackgroundMany species of the genus Rosa have been used as ornamental plants and traditional medicines. However, industrial development of roses is hampered due to highly divergent characteristics.MethodsWe analyzed the chloroplast (cp) genomes of Rosa laevigata, R. rugosa and R. canina, including the repeat sequences, inverted-repeat (IR) contractions and expansions, and mutation sites.ResultsThe size of the cp genome of R. laevigata, R. rugosa and R. canina was between 156 333 bp and 156 533 bp, and contained 113 genes (30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes and 79 protein-coding genes). The regions with a higher degree of variation were screened out (trnH-GUU, trnS-GCU, trnG-GCC, psbA-trnH, trnC-GCA,petN, trnT-GGU, psbD, petA, psbJ, ndhF, rpl32,psaC and ndhE). Such higher-resolution loci lay the foundation of barcode-based identification of cp genomes in Rosa genus. A phylogenetic tree of the genus Rosa was reconstructed using the full sequences of the cp genome. These results were largely in accordance with the current taxonomic status of Rosa.ConclusionsOur data: (i) reveal that cp genomes can be used for the identification and classification of Rosa species; (ii) can aid studies on molecular identification, genetic transformation, expression of secondary metabolic pathways and resistant proteins; (iii) can lay a theoretical foundation for the discovery of disease-resistance genes and cultivation of Rosa species.

Подбор устойчивых видов Rosa L. для целей лесомелиорации, озеленения и использования в биотехнологии (на примере Волгоградской области)

Selection of sustainable and ornamental rosehip species is relevant for their widespread use in forest reclamation and landscaping of settlements in the arid region. The objects of research were rosehips with different areas of natural expansion: R. rugosa, including form alba War Rehder, R. cinnamomea, R. beggeriana, R. acicularis, R. spinosissima, R. canina growing at points of introduction on different soils. In 2018, June was the hottest month, while February was the coldest month in Volgograd region. The maximum deviation from the average monthly temperature was observed in March. July and January were the hottest and the coldest months, respectively, in Samara region. During the research period, the species of wild roses retained the life form of habitus, and their height varied from 1.0–2.0 m (medium-grown species) to 0.7–0.9 m (short species). Data on the resistance of rosehip species to the maximum and minimum temperatures can be the factual basis of systemarealogical forecasting for geographical points of introduction. The degree of demand of rosehips to soil fertility and light was revealed by poor-demanding species: R. beggeriana, R. cinnamomea, R. rugosa and R. spinosissima. The observing method of the Main Botanical garden, field and laboratory observations allowed to establish the duration of the phenological phases of the studied species. Rosehips, being ornamental throughout the growing season, are useful in forest reclamation and landscaping, depending on the growth and color of their flowers. Types of diseases and parasitic fungi were determined by mycological analysis and reference data. The most common disease of the studied species of rosehips is powdery mildew from the genus Sphaerotheca. Amino acid profile of rosehip fruits was determined by the capillary electrophoresis system “Kapel” at a wavelength of 250 nm and allowed to identify the most valuable by biochemical composition species. In the period of monitoring the winter hardiness of rosehips, the best result was shown by the species R. rugosa, R. cinnamomea and R. canina, belonging to the North American, European and Far Eastern collections. The method of a priori ranking of fruiting indicators based on the division of factors in the descending order of their contribution revealed the most promising species for use in bio technology. The total sum of ranks and the sum of squares of deviations were determined; the concordance coefficient and the degree of consistency of the researchers’ opinions are obtained in accordance with the degrees-of-freedom breakdown. It was found that the use of biotechnological methods in modern seed production is the most pressing; the obtained results will contribute to the improvement and acceleration of the seed production process in the arid conditions of Volgograd region. Recommendations are given for the cultivation of rosehips depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the different districts of the region. For citation: Solomentseva A.S., Lebed’ N.I., Kolmukidi S.V., Mezhevova A.S. Selection of Resistant Species of Rosa L. for the Purposes of Forest Reclamation, Landscaping and Use in Biotechnology (On the Example of Volgograd Region). Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 1, pp. 49–62. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-49-62

Record of rust diseases of the Chrysanthemum, Gladiolus and Limonio in the Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia

Flower production is an important economic activity in the Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia. Species and varieties of Roses (Rosa sp-), Chrysanthemums (Chrysantemum sp.), Carnations (Dianthus carophyllus), Gladiolus (Gladiolus communis), Saticias (Limonium sp.), Liliums (Liliums sp.,) etc. are grown. Rusts affect a variety of crops, including flowers. The aim of this study, was identify the rust diseases that is affecting to three important flower species. Stems and leaves of samples with characteristic rust symptoms of smallholder farmer parcels were collected between 2016 and 2018 of the Chrysantemum grandiflorum, G. communis and Limonium sp. Based on morphometric studies the causal agent of rust diseases was identify as the first record to Puccinia horiana on chrysanthemum, Uromyces transversalis on Gladiolus and Uromyces limonii on Limonio in the Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia.

Evaluation of Rosa Species Accessions for Resistance to Eriophyid Mites1

Abstract Rose rosette disease, caused by rose rosette virus (RRV), is an epidemic affecting nearly every rose cultivar in the United States. The only hosts for Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, the eriophyid mite that vectors RRV, are Rosa species. Eighteen Rosa species were evaluated for mite resistance by collecting foliage samples from July to November in 2016 and 2017, from which mites were extracted. Mites were isolated through a series of sieves and counted using a stereomicroscope. The response variable was expressed as the number of mites per gram of optimal rose tissue. Mite data were evaluated to determine the peak week for mite populations for each year. The mite populations varied by rose species (α = 0.05) in 2016 but not 2017. Due to high variability in mite counts, the species were not as clearly distinguishable as expected. This high variability is likely due to factors such as differential growth rates of the roses, weather, presence of RRV in the rose, and the quality of the tissue collected throughout the season. Experimental design revisions are proposed for future studies looking at Rosa species resistance to eriophyid mite populations. Index words: rose rosette virus, rose rosette disease, Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer, virus, vector. Species used in this study: Phyllocoptes fructiphilus (Keifer), Prairie Rose [Rosa arkansana (Porter), Forest Farm]; Carolina Rose [Rosa carolina (L.), Forest Farm]; Rosa clinophylla (Thory), Rogue Valley Rose; White Prairie Rose [Rosa foliolosa (Nutt.), Rogue Valley Rose]; White Prairie Rose [Rosa foliolosa (Nutt.) Antique Rose Emporium]; Father Hugo Rose [Rosa hugonis, Rogue Valley Rose]; Musk Rose [Rosa moschata (J. Herrm.), Antique Rose Emporium]; Multiflora Rose [Rosa multiflora (Thunb.)]; Shining Rose [Rosa nitida (Willd.), Rogue Valley Rose]; Shining Rose [Rosa nitida (Willd.), Antique Rose Emporium]; Nootka Rose [Rosa nutkana (C. Presl.), Rogue Valley Rose]; Tea Rose [Rosa odorata (Andrews), Foundation Plant Services, Davis, CA]; Swamp Rose [Rosa palustris (Marshall), Antique Rose Emporium]; Swamp Rose [Rosa palustris (Marshall), Ever Blooming Antique Rose Emporium]; Chestnut Rose [Rosa roxburghii (Tratt.), Antique Rose Emporium]; ‘Plena' Chestnut Rose [Rosa roxburghii (Tratt.), Rogue Valley Rose]; Rugosa Rose [Rosa rugosa (Thunb.), Bailey's Nursery]; ‘Alba' Rugosa Rose [Rosa rugosa (Thunb.), Bailey's Nursery]; Climbing Prairie Rose [Rosa setigera (Michx.), Antique Rose Emporium]; Rosa soulieana (Crép.), Ralph Moore; Virginia Rose [Rosa virginiana (Mill.), Forest Farm]; Porterfolia Memorial Rose [Rosa wichuraiana (Crép.), Antique Rose Emporium]; Mountain Woods' Rose [Rosa woodsii (Lindl.), Rogue Valley Rose].

On the Diagnostic Role of Morphological Signs of Wild Rose (Rosa L.)

Identification and systematics of species of wild rose (Rosa L.) are often associated with difficulties due to the diversity and variability of morphological features used in this process. They also arise in establishing genetic links between taxa of different ranks. Clarity in the diagnostic role of specific or group of characters is not only theoretical but also of practical importance. Such an attempt is made on the example of species of the genus Rosa from different sections and subsections (R. canina. R. danaiorum, R. ruprechtii, R. marschalliana, R. obtusifolia, R. svanetica, Rosa mollis, R. buschiana, R. pulverulenta, R pomifera, R. iberica, R. pimpinnefolia, etc.) of Chechnya and adjacent territories. The set of signs of the vegetative and generative sphere used in identifying species, subsections, sections has been considered. There was a lack of representativeness for the intraspecific diagnostics of such signs as: “free, immersed columns”, or “sessile stigmas in the hemispherical head above the fetal throat”, “occasionally solid sepals, with downward directed fruits” and others used in sectional diagnoses, because they are characteristic of species of different sections. The authors noted the heterogeneity of the authors’ approach to the characterization of section rank taxa, the inadmissibility of the universal, and the need for a differentiated approach in using the same characteristics when identifying taxa of different levels.

Crop wild relatives of Kazakhstani Tien Shan: Flora, vegetation, resources

This paper presents the results of the field study on species composition, geographical distribution, phytocoenotic diversity and resources of crop wild relatives (CWR) in Kazakhstan's ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains. Taxa of not only cultivated genera of crops are taken into account, but also a wider range of species of high socio-economic importance, including medicinal, fodder, essential oil and other species. List of CWR includes 289 species belonging to 39 families and 145 genera. Among them, 9 species listed in the Red Data book of Kazakhstan: Pistacia vera, Rheum wittrockii, Armeniaca vulgaris, Malus sieversii, Allium pskemense, Allochrusa gypsophilloides, Sorbus sibirica, Vitis vinifera and Artemisia cina. The highest plant diversity is recorded in intermountain plains and river valleys where meadow vegetation forms a high abundance of forage and resource plants. The diversity of wild fruit plants is concentrated in gallery forests. CWR of cereals are confined to dry steppe slopes in low piedmont belt. The populations of almond, pistachio, plum and cherry were recorded at dry slopes of low mountain belt. The estimation of the raw material base for 13 resource plants is given. Only Rumex tianschanicus, Berberis sphaerocarpa are recommended for industrial harvesting; for local pharmacy chain – Mentha longifolia, Origanum vulgare, O. vulgare subsp. gracile, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Hypericum scabrum, Hypericum perforatum, and five Rosa species.

ELLAGIC ACID CONTENT IN SELECTED WILD SPECIES OF FRUIT ROSES

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural antioxidant, belonging to the group of polyphenolic compounds. It displays a broad spectrum of pro-health effects, ranging from the prevention of cancer to antiviral properties. It is present in many fruit from the rose family (Rosaceae): strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and walnuts as well as cranberries and grapes. The available literature states that the fruit of roses, in addition to their aesthetic and functional applications, also show therapeutic properties, which, among other things, are associated with a high content of polyphenols, including ellagic acid derivatives. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the content of free ellagic acid in the fruit of selected rose species. The test material consisted of freeze-dried sublimation and ground fruit from the following species of roses: R. canina, R. moyesii, R. pendulina. The fruit was separated into two fractions: flesh and seeds. Quantitative analysis of free ellagic acid was carried out by spectrofluorimetry. The free EA was present both in the flesh and in the seeds of the studied species of roses. Its content in the mentioned fractions varied depending on the species. The flesh of R. pendulina was characterised by the highest level of EA in free form (247.72 μg·g–1 of dry weight). The seeds of R. moyesii proved to be the most abundant in free EA (105.69 μg·g–1 of dry weight.

Origin of remontant and non-remontant cultivars of groundcover roses Rosa L.

Purpose. Find out the common parental components used for creating rose cultivars with a procumbent shrub crown shape in combination with the signs of remontance, as well as develop a generalized pattern of the origin of groundcover rose cultivars from the collection of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBS).Methods. Analytical and graphic. Genealogies with schemes were drawn according to S. G. Saakov and D. A. Riexta method.Results. It was determined that all the studied cultivars of groundcover roses had species of the Synstylae DC. section as part of the pedigree: Rosa sempervirens L., R. wichurana Creˆp., and (or) R. setigera Michx. Also, the pedigree of all studied remontant cultivars (‘Magic Meidiland’, ‘Anadia’, ‘Candia Meillandeˆcor’, ‘Heideschnee’, ‘Nature Meillandeˆcor’, ‘Red Fairy’, ‘Swany’, ‘Scarlet Meillandeˆcor’, ‘Blanc Meillandeˆcor’) included rose cultivars of Floribunda groups and Muskusnaya rose hybrids, which are absent in non-remontant cultivars (‘Rote Max Graf’, ‘Nozomi’).Conclusions. Among the parental components in the pedigrees of the studied varieties of groundcover roses, which provided a procumbent crown shape specific to them, there were species of the genus Rosa L. of the Synstylae section: R. wichurana; R. sempervirens; R. setigera. All studied cultivars acquire the sign of remontance by crossing with cultivars of the Floribund group, whose origin is associated with the remontant species: R. chinensis Jacq. and R. odorata (Andrews) Sweet section of Chinenis DC. (Indicae Thory); due to R. rugosa Thunb., section of Cinnamomeae DC., with optional repeated flowering, and also due to cultivars of the Hybrid Musk rose group, which origin is associated with the remontant species R. moschata Herrm. Cultivars created from a combination of only non-remontant species R. wichurana, R. setigera, R. sempervirens with R. rugosa were non-remontant (‘Rote Max Graf’,‘Nozomi’). Visualization of relationships between parental components of different hierarchical le­vels and the studied variety is presented in the dendrograms. A generalized scheme of the origin of groundcover roses cultivars has been developed, which allowed to identify the relationship between remontant and non-remontant cultivars through common parental components that provided the key feature of the group – the procumbent shape of the crown of a shrub. The results of the study can be used as a basis for highlighting and granting official status to a group of groundcover roses in the unified International Classification of Roses, which is under development.