Role Of Herpesvirus Infection Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СЛУЧАЯ ВУЛЬГАРНОЙ ПУЗЫРЧАТКИ, АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ВЭБ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ (ГЛОССИТА, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОГО ВЭБ)

Background. One of the autoimmune diseases is pemphigus, a chronic malignantly occurring autoimmune dermatosis accompanied by the development of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. Isolated lesions of the SOPR occur in 10–20% of cases, complicating differential diagnosis. Numerous studies have proven the role of herpes virus infection as an aggravating factor in the course of true acantholytic pemphigus. The aim of the study was to determine the features of the clinical course of vulgar pemphigus against the background of reactivation of chronic EBV infection (glossitis caused by EBV). The clinical case of a patient with a diagnosis of “Vulgar pemphigus. Glossitis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus”. The anamnesis of the disease was carefully collected, a clinical and laboratory examination was performed with a cytological examination of a smear taken from a LITTER, a general blood test with an expanded leukocyte formula, C-reactive protein. In order to diagnose the viral load, PCR diagnostics was performed on the DNA of the herpes virus 1, 2, 4, 5 types in saliva, on the DNA of EBV in the blood, quantitatively. Specific antibodies of Ig classes M and G to EBV were determined by the ELISA method. Results. Due to the lifelong persistence of EBV in the structures of the oral cavity, its reactivation leads not only to chronic pastoral infection and the local development of the corresponding glossitis, but also, first of all, to a decrease in the level of local immunity. This fact aggravates the course of pemphigus, shortens the period of absence of relapse. The appointment of antiviral therapy at the first visit allowed to stabilize the symptoms caused by EBV, which led to positive dynamics in the course of pemphigus against the background of average dosages of prednisone in a shorter time. Conclusions. With clinical and laboratory confirmation of chronic EBV infection (glossitis caused by EBV), it is recommended to include antiviral and immunocorrective drugs, systemically and topically, in the complex treatment of pemphigus erythematosus.

Клинические варианты периферических увеитов у детей и их осложнения

Purpose. To study the frequency and structure of complications of peripheral uveitis (PU) in children who were hospitalized in the Khabarovsk branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material and methods. The object of the study were 20 children (40 eyes) with bilateral chronic recurrent PU. In addition to standard examination methods, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. And to clarify the etiological diagnosis of PU, laboratory examinations and examinations by specialists of a narrow profile were carried out. Results. The results of enzyme immunoassay showed the presence of IgG to the herpes simplex virus in 14 patients (70 %), IgG to the Epstein-Barr virus - 12 patients (60 %), IgG to cytomegalovirus – 15 patients (75 %). Two children were found to be infected with Toxoplasma gondii (IgG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (IgG). The results obtained show a significant role of herpesvirus infections in the development of PU in children. In a prospective observation, the most common complication was unilateral or bilateral complicated cataract (8 eyes – 20 %). In 4 eyes – 10 %, according to OCT, cystic macular edema was detected. Traction retinal detachment was diagnosed in 2 eyes of one 15-year-old child. Conclusion. It was found that the main etiological cause of PU was herpesvirus infection. Complicated cataract was the most frequent complication of PU (20 %). The results of the conducted studies are of practical importance for the development of rational treatment tactics in children with PU. Keywords: peripheral uveitis, complications, childhood, etiology.

Systematic Determination of Herpesvirus in Free-Ranging Cetaceans Stranded in the Western Mediterranean: Tissue Tropism and Associated Lesions.

The monitoring of herpesvirus infection provides useful information when assessing marine mammals’ health. This paper shows the prevalence of herpesvirus infection (80.85%) in 47 cetaceans stranded on the coast of the Valencian Community, Spain. Of the 966 tissues evaluated, 121 tested positive when employing nested-PCR (12.53%). The largest proportion of herpesvirus-positive tissue samples was in the reproductive system, nervous system, and tegument. Herpesvirus was more prevalent in females, juveniles, and calves. More than half the DNA PCR positive tissues contained herpesvirus RNA, indicating the presence of actively replicating virus. This RNA was most frequently found in neonates. Fourteen unique sequences were identified. Most amplified sequences belonged to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, but a greater variation was found in Alphaherpesvirinae sequences. This is the first report of systematic herpesvirus DNA and RNA determination in free-ranging cetaceans. Nine (19.14%) were infected with cetacean morbillivirus and all of them (100%) were coinfected with herpesvirus. Lesions similar to those caused by herpesvirus in other species were observed, mainly in the skin, upper digestive tract, genitalia, and central nervous system. Other lesions were also attributable to concomitant etiologies or were nonspecific. It is necessary to investigate the possible role of herpesvirus infection in those cases.

Herpesvirus infections and immunological disturbances in patients with different stages of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease that leads to a progressive memory loss, visualspatial impairments, emotional and personality changes. As its earliest pre-dementia clinical stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment syndrome (aMCI) is currently considered. Neuroinflammation plays a role in the development and progression of aMCI and the initial stage of AD, which can be supported by immunological disorders of a systemic character. Study of factors, including infections, influencing immune disorders and systemic inflammatory response in patients with aMCI, is of great importance.The aim of this study was to obtain new data on the possible role of herpesvirus infections in the development and progression of aMCI. 100 patients with aMCI diagnosis, 45 patients with AD, 40 people from the control group were enrolled into the study. The frequency of DNA detection of herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesviruses (HHV) type 6 and 7, cytomegalovirus (CMV)), the levels of viral load and the serological markers of herpesvirus infections (IgG to HHV-1, IgG to CMV) were determined. Immunological studies included an assessment of the level of the main pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and indicators of humoral and cellular immunity. The study found an increased detection rate of EBV in saliva and a higher level of EBV DNA in saliva in aMCI and AD than in the control group. A relationship between the presence of active EBV infection and changes in immunological parameters in patients with aMCI were found. It was also discovered that the level of IgG antibodies to CMV is associated with the stage of AD. The results indicate a possible role of EBV- and CMV-induced infections in the development of immunological changes which are typical for mild cognitive impairment and in the progression of AD. The obtained data can be important for prognostic methods addressing AD development, including its pre-dementia stage, and for new approaches to individualized treatment and prevention.

Herpesvirus and inflammatory bowel disease

Aim. Conduct a review of studies characterizing the role of herpesvirus infections in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Introduction. The study of the role of herpes virus infections in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently of considerable interest to researchers from different countries.Result. The results of studies on the significance of human herpes viruses (HHV) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), their effect on the course of these diseases, and refractory treatment of UC and CD in the presence of HHV are presented.It is shown that most researchers unanimously conclude that the main attention should be paid to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpes simplex virus type 6 (HHV-6), which are found in the mucous membrane of the colon in patients with IBD and affect both the course of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment. Attention is focused on the fact that it is necessary to differentiate colitis due to HHV and IBD, proceeding against the background of HHV reactivation, since approaches to the treatment of these conditions are different.Conclusion. Requires targeted research on the role of human herpes viruses in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Гематурия в практике детского нефролога: возможная роль герпесвирусной инфекции

Гематурия в практике детского нефролога: возможная роль герпесвирусной инфекции

Herpesvirus Infection in Development of Hemorrhagic Vasculitis in Children (Literature Review)

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature published in the last fifteen years. The results of the literature review showed that the role of herpesvirus infection in the occurrence of primary vasculitis is not excluded. In the works of Kazakhstan and foreign researchers who consider that ability of viruses to cytopathic effect is important for herpesvirus infection, herpes simplex infection is not excluded as a leading factor in the development of HV. In this regard, the study of the etiology of HV will help to reach a new therapeutic level of the disease. Consequently, the problem of HV is of scientific interest and practical importance.

THE ROLE OF THE INFECTIOUS FACTOR IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN CHILDREN

The role of herpes virus (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus) infections in the formation of inflammatory process, as well as in the mechanisms of development of the pathological process in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was shown in the article based on the finding of their our studies. Objective of the study : optimization of the therapeutic tactics by determining the role of herpes virus infections in the pathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children. Viral and bacterial antigens were studied using the immune enzyme analysis and the polymerase chain reaction in 86 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis aged 3 to 15 years (mean age of onset of the disease – 4.6 ± 0.7 years, average duration – 2.8 ± 0.4 years). Results. It is shown that infections caused by herpes virus are the most significant for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The obtained data suggest that these infections serve not only as the factors provoking the disease debut, but also are one of the pathogenetic links in the development of the pathological process.

The virus-immune hypothesis for cardiac dilatation

The paper gives an update on the pathogenetic role of viral infection and immune mechanisms in the development of cardiac dilatation at the cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular levels. Particular attention is given to the discussion of the possible role of herpesvirus infection in the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte damage with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection through immunoinflammatory responses. Data on the protective and damaging action of a number of cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of viral myocarditis are considered.

The Role of Herpes Virus Infection in Changing the Cytokine Status in the Body of a Pregnant Woman

The Role of Herpes Virus Infection in Changing the Cytokine Status in the Body of a Pregnant Woman

Role of herpesvirus infection in glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome in children

The paper analyzes the literature on glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, which are associated with herpesvirus types 1/2, 4, 5, and 7 infection, in children. The main pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical and morphological characteristics of herpesvirusassociated glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome are considered. These diseases are shown to be frequently accompanied by immune disorders involving innate and adaptive immunity and interferonogenesis. Virus-associated glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome are characterized by transient resistance to therapy with prednisone and cytotoxic agents and by a serious prediction. Clinical and immunological studies have proven that immunostimulatory (interferon-α2) and antiviral (acyclovir, ganciclovir) therapies result in restoration of prednisolone sensitivity and in complete or partial remission of virus-associated glomerulonephritis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. It is recommended that cytotoxic therapy should be prescribed if there is no activation of herpesvirus (types 1/2, 4, 5) infection, which has been achieved by antiviral and immunostimulatory therapies.

Social and Medical Aspects of the Association HIV and Herpes Virus Infection in Pregnant Women

The objective: to evaluate the social and health aspects of the association of HIV and herpes infections (GVI) in pregnant women.
 Patients and methods. Clinical and statistical analysis of 1177 individual cards of pregnant women with HIV for 5 years. The control group consisted of 200 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy.
 Results. Analysis of individual cards of pregnant women with HIV found insufficient to TORCH-infection survey (74,7%). The frequency of herpes infections in HIV-infected patients was 42,3%. The most common laboratory revealed HSV1/2 – 41,9%, CMV – 22,4% and mixed infection (both HSV1/2 and CMV) – 28,1%, other types of AIT is quite rare. At 8,5% of pregnant women stated primary infection herpes viruses, 27,2% – the reactivation of infection. HIV infection is often associated with other infections: hepatitis, fungal infections, toxoplasmosis, papillomavirus infections, respiratory infections, infections of the genitourinary system. Fixed low social status of HIV-infected women with AIT, the presence of harmful habits, a high frequency of co-infections and low compliance to treatment, are additional factors of perinatal risk. History data indicate a high rate of abortions and missed abortion in women with HIV infection and GVI. Going the way of HIV infection with parenteral on sex strengthens the role of herpes virus infection as a cofactor transition from HIV to AIDS, and the development of perinatal complications. The current pregnancy burdened with 84,3% of women: high incidence of placental insufficiency (41,3%), the threat of miscarriage and preterm labor, fetal distress. Maternal mortality in 5 years was noted in 2 cases (0,1‰), both women were GVI, perinatal – in 12 cases, 8 (21,5‰) of them women with AIT. 12,1% of children were born in a state of severe asphyxia, malnutrition with 31,3%, from 3,8% of the children at the end of 1st day intrauterine diagnosed pneumonia.
 Conclusions. The high frequency of co-infection of HIV and herpes viruses, joining other infections and comorbidity in these women, their low social adaptation, and susceptibility to treatment, the negative impact of herpes infection in the course of HIV infection, the condition of women during pregnancy, the fetus and the newborn, which requires individual approach to the management of women based on established medical and social aspects of the problem.

HERPES VIRUS INFECTION AND GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN

The article presents the analysis of the native and foreign literature data and also the results of our own research devoted to studying the role of herpes virus infection in the appearance and course of glomerulonephritis in children. There has been described pathogenesis and clinical aspects of virus associated glomerulonephritis in children. Much attention has been paid to the diagnostic methods of herpes virus infection in glomerulonephritis. The importance of association of immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy has been underlined.

Detection of Herpes Virus DNA in Post-operative Thyroid Tissue Specimens of Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

To demonstrate any differences in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus type 6 and 7 DNA from thyroid tissue blocks of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and multi-nodular goiter and to propose few mechanisms, which could explain the possible role of herpesvirus infection in the development of thyroid autoimmune responses. Thyroid tissue specimens were obtained postoperatively from 4 patients with multinodular goiter and 18 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (Graves' disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis). Herpes virus DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction based assays. No statistically significant differences were observed between autoimmune thyroid disease and multinodular goiter tissue specimens concerning herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 DNA isolation (44.4% vs 0%, P=0.094), human herpes virus type 6 DNA isolation (11.1% vs 0%, P=0.48), human herpes virus type 7 DNA isolation (33.3% vs 25%, P=0.75). No CMV DNA was isolated from any tissue specimen. At least one kind of herpes virus DNA was detected in 13 out of 18 (72.22%) AITD tissue specimens and in 1 out of 4 (25%) MNG tissue specimens (P=0.01). Although no data are available relating the direct effect of herpes infection on thyroid epithelial cells, a better understanding of how an aberrant immune response against the thyroid gland is initiated and propagated through herpes virus infection is required. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms may allow the development of new etiologically based therapeutic modalities.

Burning Mouth: An Initial Examination of a Potential Role of Herpes Virus Infection

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a burning sensation of the oral mucosa that occurs in the absence of a clinical or laboratory finding. Since herpes virus infections are common in the oropharynx, a possible association between BMS and post-herpetic neuralgia was speculated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a potential viral role in the etiology of BMS. Materials and Methods: Viral serology (HSV, CMV, VZV IgM and IgG) obtained from 9 patients with BMS was compared to that of 13 patients with other oral mucosal conditions.Results and Discussion: The general profile of the BMS patients in this trial fits the profile of these patients reported in the literature. No IgM seropositivity for any of the 3 viruses was recorded in the BMS patients. Although most subjects in the two groups were positive for HSV, CMV, and HZV IgG, no difference in the prevalence was noted between burning mouth and the control groups. The positive IgG findings indicate past exposure to the viruses as expected in the general population. Although no evidence was found that would support the presence of an active viral infection in BMS subjects, the possibility of a “hit and run” role for viral damage in BMS could not be ruled out based on the present sample.

The role of herpes-virus infection and mixed infection in atopy

An observative study of infectionary risk factors (simple herpes virus, toxoplasm, cytomatagalovirus, helminths, candida, staphylocoque, listeriosis) in reagine immunopathological reactions development has been undertaken in a basic group of 3183 patients. In the study the «case-control» method of populate investigation was being used. The patients of representative sample (293 persons) with atopic diseases have been investigated for specific antibodies for these diseases and IgE antibodies. The study results in a statistically trustworthy association between the simple herpes infection, cytomatagalovirus, helminths and candida infections, the IgE hyperproduction, and a numeral increase both of patients with combined forms of atopy and of accompanying diseases. The aforesaid makes us refer these infections to the risk factors causing infavourable development of atopic diseases. In the contrary, helminths infection in atopic patients correlates with decrease of IgE production that in general approves the so-called «hygienic hypothesis».

Herpesvirus in atherosclerosis and thrombosis: etiologic agents or ubiquitous bystanders?

The role of herpesvirus infections in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases remains an enigma. Although there is abundant circumstantial evidence of a role for herpesviruses in atherosclerosis and related processes, a cause-and-effect relationship has yet to be definitively established. This article will review the pathological, molecular, and biochemical evidence supporting the hypothesis that herpesviruses are involved in the development of atherosclerosis, restenosis after coronary angioplasty, accelerated atherosclerosis in recipients of heart transplants, and the induction of a prothrombotic phenotype in vascular endothelial cells.

Zur viralen Genese postnatal erworbener Innenohrschäden

Experimental and clinical data exist which point at a possible role of herpes virus infections in postnatally acquired inner ear disturbances. The presence of viral DNA in the inner ear and vestibular organ of experimentally infected mice and pigs suggests that not only primary infections but also the reactivation of latent herpes viruses can cause severe inner ear damage. Serological examinations are presented and therapeutic considerations discussed.

The effect of prostaglandins on the multiplication and cell-to-cell spread of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) after infecting an individual has the ability to remain latent in nervous tissues. The factors that control herpesvirus infection, latency, and reactivation are poorly understood. Fever, menstruation, emotional stress, exposure to sunlight, and surgical resection have been associated with activation of latent herpes. The situations which activate latent herpes are associated with a local or systemic rise in prostaglandins. The data presented show that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)and E2 (PGE2) enhanced cell-to-cell spread of HSV-2 in an in vitro model. Ibuprofen, a prostaglandin inhibitor, suppressed HSV-2 multiplication as well as cell-to-cell spread. Prostaglandins may play an important role in herpesvirus infections and latency.