ROK Armed Forces Research Articles

A Study on the Development Plan of Rapid Acquisition System of the ROK ARMED Forces

Purpose: A rapid demonstration acquisition project has been underway since 2020 to compensate for the shortcomings of the current weapon acquisition system, which usually takes more than 10 years to acquire a single weapon system, and to quickly apply fourth industrial revolution technologies such as AI, drones, and un-manned technology to the defense sector. As it is applied first without institutional completeness, however, var-ious problems are being exposed at the site. In this study, we would like to diagnose the causes of these problems and suggest solutions. Method: Quantitative research on rapid acquisition demonstration projects is limited due to the short history of implemented and policy-based systems, so qualitative research was conducted to improve the efficiency of the current rapid acquisition project. The causes of problems between the implementation of the system were ana-lyzed, and through laws and regulations related to it and the examples from the U.S. military, a solution that could be accepted by the agencies involved in the rapid acquisition demonstration project was presented. Results: To mitigate the responsibility of organizations and personnel implementing the rapid demonstration acquisition project on-site and to boldly implement the project, a solution was presented to ensure necessary conditions. The burden on quality assurance and loss & damage of equipment was reduced and the property registration process of equipment under test operation without property registration was presented. It was also proposed to promote rapid research and development by breaking away from the purchase of current commer-cial products to ensure the completeness of the rapid acquisition demonstration system. Conclusion: The rapid demonstration acquisition project is to first test-use commercial products applied with new technologies and quickly introduce them to the military through formal decisions if they can be used militar-ily. As we have taken the first step through a lot of research and discussion, we hope that the system will be supplemented and implemented boldly and challengingly to meet the original purpose and establish it as a viable and sustainable formal weapon system acquisition procedure.

병역자원 감소에 따른 한국군 병력구조 개편 발전방향 연구

현재 한국군은 인구 절벽시대 도래에 따라 병역자원 감소가 불가피한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 한국군의 병력구조 개편과 관련한 주요 쟁점을 논의하고 미래 한국군의 적정 병력 규모에 대한 예측과 그에 따른 발전방향 및 대안을 제시 하고자 한다. 연구방법으로 군사력을 보유하고 있는 151개 국가 중 GDP상위 50개국 표본 국가를 선정하여 인구, 국방비, GDP, 분쟁여부 등 5가지 변수에 대한 다중회귀분석을 한 결과치로 한국군의 적정 병력규모를 예측하였으며, 2022년부터 2050년 이후 까지 중·장기 가용 병력자원 수급 전망에 따른 상비병력 규모를 판단하였다. 2022년도 국방개혁에서 목표로 하는 상비병력 50만 명 유지에는 어려움이 예상된다. 연구결과 미래 한국군 상비병력은 예비전력 정예화와 국방민간인력 활용, 4차산업혁명기술을 적용한 첨단과학기술군을 전제로 하여 최대 45만 명에서 최소 35만 명이라고 예측되었다. 이와 같은 급격한 병력규모 감축은 많은 혼란과 반론이 예상됨에 따라 미래 한국군의 상비병력은 북한과 주변국의 위협을 고려하여 안정적으로 유지하되 단계별 조건이 충족되었을 때 감축이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 더불어 한국군 병력구조 개편 발전방향으로 국방 인력구조 조정 및 배합, 상비병력의 질적 구조 개선, 전문화·효율화된 병력구조로 개편, 예비전력 정예화 달성, 전쟁수행 패러다임의 전환에 따른 병력감축 대안을 제시하였다.

Numerical Simulation of the Degree of Protection for K9 Artillery Position under Explosion Scenario Using METT+TC

This study proposes a method to evaluate the protective performance of an existing K9 artillery position according to various explosion scenarios. Thus, a commercial software package AUTODYN was used to create a 3D model of the existing artillery position. Following the mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil consideration (METT+TC) analysis, a total of three blast loading scenarios were selected. According to the results, the wall rotation angle of a near-miss explosion was within the standard of 2°; considering contact explosions, the rotation angles were also within 2°. This confirmed that the K9 artillery position under examination for protective performance was within the elastic design range. Considering the final evaluation and combining the results, the walls and slabs of the K9 artillery position were determined to be able to withstand the corresponding blast pressures and have no issues in protective performance. Meanwhile, due to the limitations of the actual blast tests for evaluating the protective performance of civilian protective structures and those of the ROK Armed Forces, these tests were replaced with numerical analysis-based evaluations. However, due to the lack of specified procedures for numerical analysis based on finite element analysis, there were several difficulties in practice. Therefore, this study aims to provide a basic procedure for evaluating the protective performance of protective structures in the future by presenting analytical and blast loading conditions which are necessary for evaluating protective performance.

The Transition Process and Performance Evaluation Plan of Commissioned Education by the ROK Armed Forces

The Transition Process and Performance Evaluation Plan of Commissioned Education by the ROK Armed Forces

美 국방부 및 육군의 인공지능(AI) 전략이 한국군에 주는 시사점

美 국방부 및 육군의 인공지능(AI) 전략이 한국군에 주는 시사점

한국군 예비전력의 정예화 추진평가와 미래지향적 정책방향: 「국방개혁 2.0」 예비전력정책을 중심으로

한국군 예비전력의 정예화 추진평가와 미래지향적 정책방향: 「국방개혁 2.0」 예비전력정책을 중심으로

Military Recruitment Issues in the ROK Armed Forces and Policy Alternatives: Focusing on the Army Non-commissioned Officer

The Non-commissioned Officer (NCO) is regarded as the core of military combat forces performing their duties at the front-line of defense, but the recent drop in applications and enrollment of Army NCOs has hampered the acquisition and operation of the workforce. As a way to solve this problem, the Army is paying attention to job security and has been implementing the “Long-Term service NCO upon commissioning” recruiting system in the second half of 2018. In this study, we surveyed 1,492 young and active duty soldiers considering the above problems and current situation, and empirically analyzed what factors, including occupational safety, would undermine the applications and enrollment of Army NCOs. The results of the analysis showed that low occupational status, low job security, a lack of trust in the military, inadequate career and career development conditions, uncomfortable work environment and region, and hierarchical culture of the military have had an influence over the recent drop in applications and enrollment of Army NCOs. In addition, the McNemar test was conducted to further analyze the effectuality of the incentive for people to apply to become Army NCOs. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that in all groups, the effect the “Long- Term service NCO upon commissioning” recruiting system was far better than the traditional recruiting system. Based on the results of the above study, several policy proposals have been suggested to improve the acquisition of the Army NCO.

한국군 인성교육 진단과 발전방향

이 연구는 우리 군내에서 진행되고 있는 인성교육에 대한 실태를분석하고, 그에 대한 실질적인 대안을 제시하는 데 주된 목적을 두고 있다. 군대는 국민 재사회화 교육의 기능을 가지고 있고, 그 기능을 활용하여 민주시민교육과 국민계도의 도장 역할을 하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 인성교육이 군의 정체성에 부합되지 않으면 안 된다. 인성교육을 강조했는데, 전투력을 저하되거나 군 조직의 단결을 해치는 결과를 가져올 수도 있다는 점을 경계해야 한다. 군 인성교육에서의 품성, 즉 도덕적 인성은 관계 지향적 가치 그 이상의 개념으로 규정되어야 한다. 항상 죽음을 생각하고 살아야 할 군인이라면 의로운죽음에 대한 가치 기준이 명확해야 하며, 대의명분에 맞는 일이라면주변의 시선이나 판단에 개의치 않고 목숨을 바칠 수 있어야하기 때문이다. 군 인성교육에서 다루어질 내용 가운데 으뜸이 되는 핵심 주제는군인의 삶과 죽음에 대한 가치관이 된다. 군인의 올바른 사생관은군인으로서 사명을 다하려는 의식의 신념화와 행동화를 가능하게해주는 정신적 역량이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 군 인성교육에서 다루어질 또 다른 핵심 주제는 군대문화이다. 군대문화는 장병들이 군인다운 군인이 될 수 있도록 해주는 군대사회화 과정의 환경적 요건이다. 군 인성교육은 장병들이 군대문화에 익숙해지는 여건이나 분위기를 조성하는 방향으로 접근하기보다는 장병들의 의식구조와 행동양식을 군 조직의 본질적 존재 근거로부터 파생되는 가치체계를주도적으로 정립할 수 있도록 함으로써 건전한 군대문화를 창출 하는 모태 역할을 해야 한다. 따라서 군 인성교육의 과제는 장병 개개인의 자발적 참여가 강제나 강요에 의한 참여보다 훨씬 더 군사적 효율성을 제고시키는 원리를 근거로 삼아 선정되어야 하며, 아울러 개인의 가치를 집단이추구하는 목표와 일치시키는 내용이 포함되어야 한다. 군 인성교육도 일반적인 도덕교육과 마찬가지로 사회화를 강조하는 ‘관습적 도덕’ 중심의 인성교육과 더불어 도덕적 추론 및 판단 능력과 발달(development)에 주안점을 둔 ‘반성적 도덕’ 중심의 구성주의적 접근(constructive approach)도 필요하다. 군 인성교육에서도 유덕한인격 함양을 위한 인성교육과 도덕적 판단력을 성장시켜 줄 구성주의적 도덕교육의 상호보완적인 적용이 필요하다.

Seeking Possibility of ROK Armed Forces Transition to Volunteer Military System -Focused on Dynamic SWOT Analysis of Foreign Military Service System Example-

Seeking Possibility of ROK Armed Forces Transition to Volunteer Military System -Focused on Dynamic SWOT Analysis of Foreign Military Service System Example-

한국군 전사자 관리체계 분석 및 발전방안 연구

우리 군의 전사자 관리 및 영현수습과 관련된 문제는 창군 당시의 모습과 별반 다르지 않고 근본적인 발전 없이 부분적인 보완수준에 그치고 있는 것이 지금의 실정이다. 최근 남북과 북미 간의 평화 분위기 조성으로 전쟁 발발 우려는 감소될 것으로 보이지만 상시 전쟁에 대비한다는 차원에서 현재의 전사자 관리체계는 6․25전쟁 시와 같은 전철을 밟을 가능성이 크기 때문에 근본적인 개선과 대책이 필요한 실정이다.BR 본 연구는 한반도 전쟁양상을 고려한 우리군의 전사자 관리체계의 문제점을 분석하고 보완해야 할 발전방안을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 6․25전쟁 전사자 유해발굴 실태 분석과, 미국과 이스라엘 등 해외 전사자 영현수습 사례를 분석하여 한국군에 적용할 수 있는 교훈을 도출하였다. 그리고 한반도 전쟁양상과 미래전장환경을 분석하여 작전단계별, 형태별, 지역별 전사자 발생 유형을 예측하고 지원개념 교리발전 방안을 제시하였으며, 전사자 관리를 위한 다양한 아이디어와 도입 할 수 있는 첨단 신기술을 소개하였다.BR 또한 〈전사자 관련법〉을 제정하는 등 국가적인 차원에서의 대책을 세워야 하고 전사자 관리와 영현수습에 있어 과거의 절차와 방법에서 과감히어난 사고의 패러다임 전환 필요성을 피력하였다.

한국군의 정신교육에서 애국심 고양 방향

본 논문은 한국군의 정신교육에서 애국심 고양 방향을 제시하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 군인이 국가를 사랑하는 것은 자신의 존재이유(raison d’ȇtre)를 담보하기 위함이다. 그래서 군 정신교육에서 애국심의 위치를 고찰해 보기 위해 우선 애국심의 정의와 국가를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 고대시대에서는 공공의 자유가 실현되는 정치 제제에 대한 관심이 애국심으로 드러나는 것으로 나타났다. 중세시대의 애국심은 국왕으로 상징되는 ‘patriot’에 대한 사랑으로 변화되고 있었으며, 르네상스 시대에는 절대적인 기독교적 가치에서 벗어나 특수하고 개별적인 것에도 관심을 갖게 되면서 인간에 대한 순수한 관심으로 변화되었다. 그 후, 애국심의 개념적 정의는 ‘국가’라는 존재와 국가에 대한 충성 또는 사랑의 감정을 가지는 주체인 국민으로 정리될 수 있었다. 다음으로 애국심 교육에 관한 선행 연구 및 애국심의 대상으로서 국가에 대한 내용을 고찰해 보았다. 끝으로 애국심 고양을 위한 군 정신교육의 발전방향에 대해 양성과정에서의 군 정신교육과 야전부대에서의 군 정신교육 그리고 교관 양성기관에서의 군 정신교육 및 교육 개발 모델 제시 및 살아 있는 참여식 토론 수업이 되는 방법들에 관하여 제안하였다.

Estimating the minority class proportion with the ROC curve using Military Personality Inventory data of the ROK Armed Forces

The Republic of Korea Armed Forces includes maladjusted conscripts such as the mentally ill, the suicidal, the imprisoned, and those determined by the military commander to be maladjusted. To counteract these problems, it is necessary to identify the maladjusted conscripts to determine who among them would qualify for exemption from active military service or need special attention. We use the Military Personality Inventory (MPI) to make this prediction. Such a prediction presents a kind of class imbalance and class overlap problem, where the majority fulfil active service and the minority are maladjusted, the latter being discharged early from active service. Therefore, most classification algorithms are likely to show low classification performance. As an alternative, this study demonstrates the effective utilization of the receiver operating characteristics curve using MPI data to estimate the maladjusted proportion of persons sharing similar MPI test results. We confirm that the suggested method performs well using the real-world MPI data set. The suggested method is very useful to estimate the proportion of conscripts maladjusted to military life and can help in the management of such persons subject to conscription.

한국과 미국의 국방로봇정책 비교

The purpose of this study was to find out the successful factors of the policy of military robot by analyzing the cases of the US and the ROK using the comparative historical analysis from the perspective of historical institutionalism. Additionally, this study was to figure out how these implications of case studies affect to develop the successful policy of military robot of the ROK in the future. This study focused on the period from 1898 to 2013. Historically, the US has developed and operated many kinds of military robots, but the ROK has developed and operated only a few kinds of military robots. Also, the US has acquired and exported many kinds of military robots that they have developed, but the ROK has acquired only a few kinds of military robots that the ROK has developed and has not exported the robots. The basic framework of the study has been established by setting out the influential factors from various theories of the policy of military robot. Generally, the first influential factor which has been identified was the development capability of military robots by robot developers, the second was the requirement plan and the verification capability of military robot by the army, the third was the countermeasure against the opposite public opinions to acquire and operate military robots, the fourth was the support of the government to acquire and export military robots that he has developed, the fifth was the law and regulation concerning military robot. This study has found that there were successful factors with complex interconnection. Built from these factors, the implications can be applied in the light of our task on the development of the policy of the military robot. In conclusion, the results of this study are as follows: Firstly, it is necessary for robot developers to develop military robots to satisfy military user``s need with more challenge and effort, before they ask the sufficient development cost of the government and the ROK Armed Forces. Instead of wasting time, efforts, and budgets by redundantly developing military robots, robot developers should also keep a close cooperation with one another to achieve win-win and endeavor to reduce the development period and cost. In addition, they need to find out not only the reason why the ROK Armed Forces and the UN are against the acquisition of domestic military robots but also the solutions for it and should prevent the military robot technology and secrets from being leaked overseas. Secondly, the ROK Armed Forces should let the robot developers know the requirement of the military robots and the user``s need as much as possible by forming the personnel and the organization responsible for the requirement plan of military robots. Furthermore, the ROK Armed Forces has to not only secure the budgets for performing the combat experiments designed suitably for the ROK military operation environment with a variety of domestic military robots but also make its personnel including the chief of staff promote the publicity campaign concerning the necessity of the robots. Moreover, the ROK Armed Forces should find out why the ROK Armed Forces and the UN object to the acquisition of the robots developed in Korea and set up the countermeasures against the opposite public opinions. Thirdly, the government should consistently set up the policies that ensure purchasing domestic military robots instead of foreign ones, while focusing a full support only on the military robots which passed the combat experiment. Moreover, the government should enacts related policies and promote the publicity campaign of these robots.

An Analysis and Suggestion for Moral Education of the ROK Armed Forces

An Analysis and Suggestion for Moral Education of the ROK Armed Forces

Analysis on the ROK Armed Forces' Peacekeeping Strategy in the 21st Century : Focusing on the Implementing Military Power Based on Soft Power

Analysis on the ROK Armed Forces' Peacekeeping Strategy in the 21st Century : Focusing on the Implementing Military Power Based on Soft Power

일부 간호장교의 직무만족도와 관련요인

This study was performed to determine the job satisfaction and its association with sociodemographic and health related characteristics, job-related factors and job stress among nursing officers. The survey was administered to 350 nursing officers working at military hospitals of the ROK Armed Forces, from May 30 to June 15. The structured self-administered questionnaires were delivered and they were collected without respondents` personal information. As a results, The job satisfaction of respondents turned out to be significantly higher in the group of elder, current drunker, higher positional status, a longer job career, department of general wards, satisfied with their work, fit to the job, haven`t considered quitting the job, lower job demand, higher decision latitude and higher support from supervisor. Especially, job stress is highly correlated with job satisfaction. Therefore, to initiate inner motives leading to higher job satisfaction to provide a better working environment for nursing officers, serious effort is necessary to improve the factors related with job stress.

구조방정식모형을 이용한 간호장교의 직무만족도 관련요인 분석

본 연구는 간호장교의 인구사회학적 및 직업관련 특성에 따른 직업전문성 인식도, 직무스트레스, 사회적 지지 및 직무만족도 수준을 알아보고, 직업전문성 인식도와 직무스트레스 및 사회적 지지가 직무 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명해 보고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 전국 16개 군병원에 근무하는 육군 간호장교 542명으로 하였으며, 조사는 2010년 10월 1일부터 2010년 11월 30일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문지를 이용한 설문조사에 의하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 직무만족도는 연령이 높을수록, 기혼군, 주관적인 수면의 질이 좋다는 군, 주관적인 건강상태가 좋을수록, 직위가 높을수록, 근무경력이 길수록, 업무의 신체적 부담정도가 적당하다는 군, 업무에 만족한다는 군, 직업에 대한 적성이 맞는다는 군, 직업전환의사가 없다는 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 조사대상자의 직무만족도는 직업전문성 인식도, 사회적 지지와는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 직무스트레스와는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 공분산 구조분석 결과, 직업전문성 인식도는 직무스트레스나 사회적 지지 보다 직무만족도에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 직업전문성 인식도와 사회적 지지가 높을수록, 직무스트레스가 낮을수록 직무만족도를 증가시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 직업전문성 인식도와 사회적 지지가 높을수록 직무스트레스 요인을 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study was performed to determine the job satisfaction and its association with sociodemographic and health related characteristics, job-related factors, perception on socioeconomic status, professional job perception, job stress and social support among nursing officers. The survey was administered to 542 nursing officers working at military hospitals of the ROK Armed Forces, from Oct. 1 to Nov. 30. The structured self-administered questionnaires were delivered and they were collected without respondents' personal information. As a results, The job satisfaction of respondents turned out to be significantly higher in the following groups: an elder, married, subjective sleep quality is good, feels they are healthy, higher positional status, a longer job career, satisfied with their work, without consider quitting the job, their physical burden of work is adequate. The survey results showed that respondents' job satisfaction is positively correlated with the professional job perception and social support. while it is negatively correlated with job stress. When analyzed by Covariance Structure, it turned out that the professional job perception is more influential on job satisfaction than job stress and social support. The study found the professional job perception, high social support, and low job stress tends to improve job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the study also found that the professional job perception and high social support reduces job stress.

The 60th Anniversary of the ROK Armed Forces:What should be done for Next 60 Years?

The 60th Anniversary of the ROK Armed Forces:What should be done for Next 60 Years?

The USA’s Buildup Policies of the ROK Armed Forces in the Korean War and its Characteristics

The USA’s Buildup Policies of the ROK Armed Forces in the Korean War and its Characteristics