Employment Rights Research Articles

Driven out: women’s employment, the transport sector and social reproduction in Grand Tunis

ABSTRACT Employment in the transport sector has historically proven to be male-dominated, even in countries like Tunisia which have evidenced public policy narratives and legal employment frameworks promoting gender equality. This paper presented the findings from a grounded research study examining women’s employment experiences in blue-collar roles in the transport sector of Greater Tunis. Drawing on extensive interviews with both female and male transport employees, as well as field observations, it demonstrates that familiar sectoral narratives of transport work as ‘too rough, too hard and too dirty for women’ can be understood through the broader political economy of the country and the transport sector within it. The research evidences the sustained and mutually-constitutive relationship between patriarchal cultural norms and capital’s development through successive periods of populist welfarism and neo-liberal governance, indicating that progressive advances in women's employment rights are not socio-economically embedded and suggesting that future research would be usefully informed by feminist social reproduction theory.

Digitalization in healthcare: open opportunities and hidden risks

The issues of digitalization in the field of healthcare in the activities of medical institutions are considered. The increase and complication of the IT equipment of medical institutions should be accompanied not only by increased attention of the employer to the accounting of IT facilities, but also by compliance with legal norms to ensure the safety of these technical means, including the rights of employees entrusted with these facilities. The analysis of the mechanism of financial responsibility of employees of medical institutions, restrictions and risks of the employer is carried out; the assessment of the counter obligations of the parties to the employment contract is given, including the employee to take care of the employer’s property, and the employer to provide appropriate conditions for the employee to perform his work duties.

Public understandings of welfare and the economy: Who knows what and does it relate to political attitudes?

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed significant gaps in the UK public's knowledge about the welfare state and the economy. However, we know little about which groups of the population know more, and which less. Drawing on survey evidence, we confirm that many people overstimate both the size of unemployment provision and levels of benefit fraud, and also make mistakes when answering factual questions about finance, employment rights, and benefit entitlements. While men, older people and university degree holders demonstrate slightly better knowledge on average, substantial differences appear when we distinguish specific domains of knowledge. For example, women know more about benefits, but men more about finance. We argue that understanding patterns of economic knowledge requires more complex engagement than has been undertaken to date. This is important because we find that knowledge is linked to political attitudes, with those who are more supportive of the welfare state – and those who tend to emphasise the government's role in the delivery of public services – more likely to demonstrate greater levels of knowledge.

Legal Analysis of the Rights of Pregnant or Maternity Women Workers in Indonesia

Every company certainly needs employees as personnel who carry out every activity in the company organization. Normative labor rights are often ignored by companies, for example, there are labor wages that are still below the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), inappropriate workplace facilities, not providing work leave, and employing women, especially pregnant women without paying attention to and protecting decency and security while at work. Many are found in some employment contracts in some companies that require women to voluntarily resign when the woman becomes pregnant. The research method in this thesis is carried out with normative juridical research. Collection of legal materials in the form of primary and secondary materials in the form of literature studies, observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The analysis carried out is qualitative. The results show that the rights of female employees have been fully fulfilled, it's just that there are some shortcomings such as breastfeeding room facilities are still lacking.

Building a just transition in asia-pacific: Four strategies for reducing fossil fuel dependence and investing in clean energy

The Asia Pacific region is notable for its vulnerability to climate change, its varied ability to respond to its impacts, and its dependence on coal. However, recent years have seen an increase in the use of renewable energy sources. We focus on the ‘just energy transition’, a framework which emphasizes the necessity for social justice in a low carbon world. But how well are Asia Pacific states performing in matters of justice and energy transition? We outline four components of a just transition initiative to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase investments in clean energy, based on open-access quantitative data. These include increasing investments in clean energy, prioritizing equity in decision-making, developing comprehensive financing strategies, and prioritizing restorative justice approaches. The aim is to ensure affected communities are fairly compensated for losses, have access to employment rights programs, and can transition towards new jobs in alternative sectors.

Research on the Positive Influence of ESG on Equal Rights for Female Employees in Enterprises

Since Roman law, the economic value of women has been suppressed by patriarchal laws. Driven by the need for socio-economic development and the need to fill the gap left by war, women entered the labor market only in the last century. However, this tradition has long placed women at a disadvantage in business, and women's right to work has been restricted. At the same time, with the development of market economy, companies have made reforms accordingly, and the Environmental Social and Governance model, which is an extension of the Corporate Social Responsibility model, has developed not only to promote economic benefits but also to propose more possibilities for the path to equality for female employees. This paper will explore the positive impact of the Environmental Social and Governance model on women's equality through data enumeration and literature review, summarize the shortcomings of the Environmental Social and Governance model, and briefly suggest solutions. In conclusion, the application of the Environmental Social and Governance model provides new ideas for women's affirmative action at work, and this paper believes that the Environmental Social and Governance model is the dawn of advancing more equal treatment for female employees.

Research on Enterprise Supply Chain Management --- Taking Apple as an Example

The term supply chain management first appeared in the logistics literature in the mid-1980s. The goal of so-called supply chain management is to plan, implement and control in order to reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. This paper aims to analyze enterprise supply chain management. The supply chain involves most of the products in our lives. The paper starts by presenting an overview of supply chain and the importance of it. This paper chooses Apple as an example to analyze supply chain management. Apple is the world's leading high-tech company, which can offer me some experience. The supply chain was not pioneered by Apple, but they do a good job. In the supply chain, part of the enterprise's business is external, which reduces costs and improves production efficiency. Apple is consumer-oriented. Some businesses are external and so on, which makes it a win-win situation for him and his partners. But there are also some problems in Apple's supply chain management, such as excessive exploitation of downstream suppliers and neglect of employee rights and interests. Then this paper discusses how they make changes in order to improve supply management. Finally, we summarize how to effectively manage supply chains in businesses. Apple needs to pay attention to the low-end market, strengthen the supervision of suppliers, reduce the exploitation of suppliers, and truly protect the rights and interests of those suppliers' employees. In addition, it should shorten and optimize the supply chain to make the company's operations more stable.

Conscientious Objection in an Uncertain Time: New Challenges in Ireland

This paper explores the legal framework concerning the conscientious objection rights of employees in Ireland and critically considers how the various sources within that legal framework may overlap and intersect. It specifically considers the uncertainties created by section 22 of the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 and its interaction with the Constitution of Ireland, the common law, other statutory regimes in employment law, EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights. In conducting this analysis, the paper attempts to map out likely future directions of travel within the law of conscientious objection in the context of termination of pregnancy in Ireland.

Promotion, public policies and decent work: how to foster community cohesion and common vision?

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate perceptions of the employees on decent work and explore the path how employees, employers, social partners and public policymakers contribute to a united response to the implementation of sustainability dimensions to foster community cohesion and promote common vision.Design/methodology/approachThe survey was conducted in country of Kosova and aimed to target respondents under employment relationship at the time of the survey administration. Respondents were categorized into two groups: those working in the public sector and the ones working in the private sector. The sample consisted of 580 respondents. Descriptive statistics, reliability measures and Person correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.FindingsThe results showed that strong positive correlation is found between having rights of employees protected and safety at workplace; equal treatment at workplace and receiving a fair pay; the positive impact of social partners and protection of employees; and finally, efforts of government to create conditions for decent work and its active support of decent employment.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research topic is among the first studies in country that has been developed at the Universum International College as one of the constituting research themes deriving from the Institution’s research plan on sustainability. It explains the multiform and multifold ways through which decent work may be promoted as common vision between employees, employers, social partners and public institutions.

Judicial protection of workers' labor rights: problems of implementation

The object of the study was the legal relations arising between the subjects of labor law regarding the protection of the labor rights of employees. The subject of the study includes theoretical and practical foundations of judicial protection of workers' labor rights. The author analyzes the judicial method of protecting the labor rights of employees, and also identifies problematic aspects of their practical application. In particular, the author noted that the employee, being the most vulnerable party of labor relations, needs more protection from the state. As a result, the current system of restoring balance in labor relations is mostly focused on protecting the labor rights of employees. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. Judicial practice on the protection of workers' labor rights is very extensive and diverse, but its essence basically boils down to one thing: an employer, being interested in obtaining the best labor resources at minimal financial costs, will always strive to protect the interests of his business, regardless of the requirements of the legislator. 2. The effectiveness of all methods of protecting labor rights often largely depends on the reasonable behavior of the employee until the moment of conflict with the employer. 3. Being a more vulnerable side of labor relations, an employee, when applying to the court, claims a special attitude due to the possible lack of knowledge of all the subtleties of legislative regulation of labor relations. As a consequence, if there are contradictions in the position of an employee and an employer, the court seeks to promote the former as a priority. At the same time, such a position in no way infringes on the rights of the employer. 4. One of the urgent problems of protecting the labor rights of employees in recent years is the substitution of labor relations with civil relations with the self-employed. The solution may be the introduction of relevant provisions in the Federal Law on the self-employed, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

P. James and D. Walters (2022). Work and Health: 50 years of regulatory failure. Institute for Employment Rights, Liverpool, paperback, 140pp £30 (£12 for students and unionists).

P. James and D. Walters (2022). Work and Health: 50 years of regulatory failure. Institute for Employment Rights, Liverpool, paperback, 140pp £30 (£12 for students and unionists).

Legal framework of professional mobility in the EU

The internal market of the European Union creates employment opportunities, but the job search process remains complex due to different rules and requirements related to the high requirements of local legislation and market characteristics. The research aims to provide a legal overview of Directive 2005/36/EC and the latest amendments to the amended Directive 2013/55/EU, which focus on extending the rights of employees and self-employed persons to practice their profession in different Member States of the European Union. The main methods used in the research are analysis and historical. The authors provided two sides of the view of the country’s internal labour market: from the perspective of the “European Union’s fully free market for professionals”, offering enhanced career opportunities and professional development, and from the perspective of migrants and the obstacles they face. The differences between regulated and unregulated professions, highlighting the ease of recognition of the latter were described. The study also discusses the applicability of the Directive to family members from outside the European Union and the introduction of the European Occupational Card in Directive 2013/55. The three systems for the recognition of qualifications were discussed in detail, highlighting their importance and recent developments in case law. Attention has also been paid to barriers to labour mobility, instruments for the protection of EU citizens, and the challenges posed by national legislation in different professions. The paper provides an assessment of the internal features of the functioning of the internal labour market in the European Union and a better understanding of the peculiarities of the functioning of the economy of the association.

Research on Gender Discrimination in Contemporary Women's Employment and Countermeasures

As a special team with vitality, knowledge, epochal and pioneering among women, they have the same potential as men. The stage of employment preparation mainly refers to that workers obtain employment opportunities through recruitment, but there are many gender-based discrimination in this process, mainly including explicit discrimination and implicit discrimination. Therefore, this paper makes a further study on the gender discrimination in contemporary women's employment and its countermeasures. By discussing the problems and causes of gender discrimination in contemporary women's employment, this paper puts forward the ideas of public interest litigation and credit system from the legal point of view, establishes an efficient and perfect guarantee mechanism for contemporary women's employment, and finally realizes the protection of contemporary women's equal employment rights. Providing them with professional career counseling, focusing on helping them discover and cultivate their self-potential and creativity when guiding women to make career choices, and solving the problem of female employment discrimination plays a decisive role in improving women's enthusiasm for participating in social construction and promoting population fertility.

Intellectual property on computer programs created as a result of execution of an employment agreement (contract).

The article examines the legal regulation of the use of computer programs by combining economic and civil legislation. The author notes that the contractual aspect is decided by the norms of commercial law, while the legal status of the author and the legal regime of the computer program are determined by civil legislation. Special attention is paid to the resolution of copyright issues for computer programs created in connection with the performance of an employment contract. The author believes that such issues should be settled with the help of a civil law contract. In areas where the duties of employees involve the creation of computer programs in the process of performing a labor function, it is recommended to use local legal acts, such as regulations, standard contracts, etc. It goes on to say that an employer may have certain powers in relation to copyright, in particular, to require the preservation of the integrity of the work and to prevent its distortion or alteration. In addition, the employer has the right to demand that the author’s name be indicated on all copies of the work and that his name be mentioned when the work is used. Summarizing, the article calls for the establishment of a clear regulation of relations regarding the use of computer programs, in particular, by combining economic and civil legislation. The author emphasizes the importance of concluding civil law contracts in cases where computer programs are created within the framework of labor relations.Such contracts, together with local regulations, will help resolve copyright issues and establish the employer’s authority to use the works.In addition, the article emphasizes the need to ensure a balance between the interests of the authors of computer programs and the rights of employers. On the one hand, authors should be ensured recognition of their creative contribution, protection of copyright and recognition of their right to determine the further use of their works. On the other hand, employers have the right to reasonably use works created by employees as part of their work duties, for the purpose of business development and ensuring the efficient operation of the company. Legal regulation of relations on the contractual use of computer programs should contribute to the creation of a clear legal framework that ensures the protection of the interests of all parties and promotes the development of an innovative environment in the field of software.

‘Lockdown Work’

This article explores domestic workers’ experiences of ‘lockdown work’, which refers to working conditions during the level 5 to level 3 lockdown period in South Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on in-depth interviews with female black African South African and African migrant domestic workers from Zimbabwe and Malawi, the article provides crucial insights into how the pandemic altered existing working conditions and employment relationships. We use the sociological concept ‘boundary work’ to illustrate the relational dynamic and consequence of social and physical distancing during the pandemic. We argue that social and physical distancing deepened the public-private divide in employers’ private households and domestic workers’ intimate workplaces. The findings show that domestic workers experienced limited or no control over decisions regarding Covid-19-related protocols in their workplace, intensified workloads without additional remuneration, and felt voiceless regarding working conditions because they feared losing their jobs. The experience of lockdown work highlighted domestic workers’ vulnerability because of the asymmetrical and intimate nature of domestic work under new management imperatives that positioned most domestic workers as a high-risk group or perceived carriers of Covid-19. We conclude that the experience of personalism/maternalism and distant hierarchy as forms of boundary work undermined domestic workers’ sense of dignity and employment rights.

Особливості взаємодії суб’єктів кодифікації трудового законодавства в Україні

The article outlines the peculiarities of the development of the interaction between the subjects of the codification of national labor legislation. It is noted that the level of effective implementation of rights by employees and employers also determines the nature of the interaction between the subjects of the codification of labor legislation, which arises in connection with the process of implementation of the constitutional right to work by citizens. Therefore, in order to ensure equal opportunities for participation in the codification work of employees and employers, it is necessary to clearly define their basic rights in the Labor Code of Ukraine. In particular, the consolidation of the basic labor rights of employees and employers should take place in the aspect of expanding the application of international standards for the involvement of employees in making legally important decisions. The provision of equal rights for employees and employers and the focus of labor legislation on expanding the powers of employees and employers in the work process will allow optimizing labor relations as a whole. The following features of the interaction of subjects of the codification of labor legislation were determined: 1) involvement of public representatives, namely employees, employers and their associations in the process of adoption of the new Labor Code of Ukraine; 2) increasing the authority of codification in terms of expanding the labor rights of employees; 3) delegating the resolution of issues resolved at the centralized level to the local level; 4) coordinating the interaction of the subjects of the official codification of labor legislation in Ukraine and the Council of Europe, the European Commission as an institution of the European Union, which is entrusted with the functions of the executive body; 5) strengthening of collective agreement regulation within the framework of social dialogue, which affects the formation of new provisions of the draft Labor Code of Ukraine; 6) joint focus on harmonizing norms of the field of labor law and norms of labor legislation; 7) the need to create a single codification body in Ukraine – the Higher Codification Commission.

From Hegemonic to Where? The Public Spatialities of Shifting Positionings for Those Who Are Opposed to/Concerned About Socio‐Legal Changes in Sexual and Genders

AbstractIn 21st‐century Ireland, Canada and the Great Britain, significant changes to sexual and gender legislation, abortion access and associated social and cultural life include the legalisation of same‐sex marriage, employment rights, access to abortion and self‐identification/gender recognition. This paper draws on interviews from the Beyond Opposition research to explore the experiences of those who are concerned about and/or actively oppose these socio‐legal changes. We consider participants understandings of themselves as losing power within social relations and the ways in which their positionings can be seen as excluded or marginalised in public spaces. Examining their experiences of public space offers insights into experiences of new power relations, including state sanctions, that contest binaries of marginalisation/privilege. These positions between marginalisation/privilege, illustrate the effectiveness and limitations of framing these views as ‘unacceptable’ in public arenas. Operating between marginal/privileged requires a reworking of these 20th Century paradigms for 21st Century social divisions.

Working Mother’s Breastfeeding Experience: A Phenomenology Qualitative Approach

<p>Breast milk is a diet that satisfies all of a baby’s physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs because it contains nutrients, hormones, immunological components and growth factors. Unfortunately, many working mothers choose to stop breastfeeding due to various factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of working mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. This study used a qualitative research design with a phenomenological descriptive approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and then analyzed using the Colaizzi method. The study results show that children who receive exclusive breastfeeding are healthier and have adequate nutrition. However, working mothers have difficulty in breastfeeding. So, support from partners, family members, supervisors and colleagues influences a mother’s decision to breastfeed. In addition, leave regulations and child care facilities at work affect breastfeeding ability of working mothers. This study provides information about breastfeeding challenges and the support needed by breastfeeding mothers working to formulate better policies that support breastfeeding. Policies covering employee rights and privileges, such as extended maternity leave, support facilities and child care services, are critical to the success of exclusive breastfeeding by working mothers.</p>

Employee Voice Opportunities Enhance Organizational Performance When Faced With Competing Demands

Public personnel management should strive to balance the needs of employees, employers, and society, but there is insufficient empirical research to conclude whether such goals conflict or coincide. Using longitudinal data from multiple independent sources, this study analyzes the relationship between employee voice opportunity in personnel management (employee rights), organizational performance (employer interest), and competing demands from citizens (societal objectives). The results showed that public agencies encouraging employees to voice their rights outperformed their counterparts when faced with high or very high levels of competing demands from citizens after controlling for various factors. However, this appreciation for employee voice does not always yield positive-sum organizational outcomes when the competing demands on work are lower. These findings suggest that treating employees fairly and empowering them may lead to better long-term organizational performance in the face of high levels of competing demands from stakeholders, but the benefits of this approach may not always outweigh the costs, potentially due to the substantial expenses or risks associated with the promised payoffs.

Sistem Imbalan Dalam Pendidikan Islam

One of the most important components in improving education is employees, or people who work and are paid for their work. However, employee rights are often not fulfilled properly, leading to poor performance. will greatly affect the survival of the institution in the long run. Because the teachings of Islam want their people to work hard, so that they will obtain lawful results from their work, they are very concerned about the existence of workers. The purpose of this study is to see the understanding of the reward system, the purpose of rewarding, types of rewards, the reward system and factors that affect rewards. The research method used is library research.
 Keywords : System, Rewards, Islamic Education