Rhetorical Elements Research Articles

The Qur’an’s Message on Spirituality and Martyrdom: A Literary and Rhetorical Analysis

Is the Qur’an a spiritual text that links human existence to divine benevolence? Or does the Qur’an advocate martyrdom and justify violence against non-believers? This debate acquired new urgency with the rise of terrorism perpetrated in the name of Islam in the later decades of the twentieth century. On the one hand, the Qur’an provides spiritual guidance to millions of Muslims around the world. On the other, Islamic terrorist organizations draw inspiration from the Qur’an. Some Western experts also cite Qur’anic passages as supporting violence and terrorism. This paper interprets the Qur’an in the tradition of Arab scholars of the early medieval period (eighth century CE) who began al-balāgha, a study of literary devices used in the rhetorical expression of the Qur’an. The paper analyzes how literary and rhetorical elements in the Qur’an have shaped its message on man’s relationship with the divine, as well as two key theological concepts in Islam: requital and final judgment. The paper demonstrates how an appreciation of the Qur’an’s literary and rhetorical elements is critical to understanding its spiritual message, as well as its stance on violence and martyrdom.

RHETORICS IN KH ZAINAL ABIDIN MUNAWWIR'S 'WADHA’IF AL-MUTA’ALLIM' BOOK (RETORIKA DALAM KITAB 'WADHA’IF AL-MUTA’ALLIM' KARYA KH ZAINAL ABIDIN MUNAWWIR)

This study is aimed at studying the book of Wadhaif al-Muta'allim written by KH. Zainal Abidin Munawwir by using Stylistics research approach. Stylistics is used to describe the elements of rhetoric in the book of Wadhaif al-Muta'allim, and its meaning effect. The method used is literature study in the form of semantic, thematic and descriptive analysis. Data is collected through text observation method known as simak methode. This study found that there were some rhetoric’s elements in the book of Wadhaif al-Muta'allim in the aspect of figure of speech, figure of tought, and imagery. The results also showed that the style of language had caused quite interesting interpretation of the educational tought contained in the book of Wadhaif al-Muta'allim.

Skopos Theory as an Extension of Rhetoric

This essay, which pertains to translation studies, presents a reflection aiming at defining intersections between the areas covered respectively by rhetoric and by <em>skopos</em> theory, which, in the field of translation studies, is one of the most frequently used theoretical frameworks that structures practice, and therefore teaching. It aims to lay the foundations of a translatorial theoretical framework based on an extension of the <em>skopos</em> model including the stylistic elements of classical rhetoric, and perhaps also on an extension of the rhetorical model to embrace a wide range of text types.

Estratégias Retóricas de Legitimação nos Relatórios da Administração: Respostas ao Movimento Antitabagista

Resumo O movimento antitabagista brasileiro impulsionou o desenvolvimento de peças regulatórias que desafiaram a legitimidade das empresas do setor. As organizações podem adotar ações estratégicas retóricas, visando ganhar, manter ou recuperar legitimidade. Tais ações são evidenciadas em Relatórios da Administração (RA) por se caracterizarem como instrumentos de comunicação social. Desse modo, o presente artigo almeja identificar como a empresa líder do setor tabagista, a Souza Cruz S/A, utilizou os conteúdos dos RAs como instrumento de estratégia retórica de legitimação, no período de 1986 a 2012. O Institucionalismo Organizacional foi utilizado como referencial teórico, e a metodologia para tratamento dos dados foi a análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se que a Souza Cruz S/A empreendeu esforços para manter sua legitimidade no período analisado, intensificando o uso de apelos retóricos (ethos, pathos e logos) em defesa dos argumentos: (a) fumar é uma escolha racional adulta; (b) a legislação favorece o comércio ilegal de cigarros; e (c) as atividades da empresa beneficiam a sociedade. Assim, este trabalho destaca os RAs como fonte de análise em estudos organizacionais, evidencia a retórica como possibilidade estratégica e propícia aos gestores reflexões acerca da influência do ambiente nas estratégias organizacionais.

The Rhetoric of Popular Science Texts. Scientific American Magazine as a Typical Example

The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between rhetoric and popular science texts. Scientific American magazine is taken as an example. In conclusion, the author suggests that the rhetoric of popular science texts rests on the presentation of a problem, avoiding controversy in the presentation of research issues, avoiding modal forms and the use of multiple elements of visual rhetoric. This article contains brief historical information about the development of the magazine Scientific American.

The generic structures and lexico-grammaticality in English academic research papers

The present study aimed to discover how selected English language authors employ specific rhetorical, grammatical, and stylistic elements in presenting new knowledge to the target audience and how they communicate science to the community of academicians in order to convey scientific information to various audiences. To this end, the generic structures, as well as lexico-grammaticality systems inbuilt in introduction sections of English academic research papers of three different disciplines, linguistics, chemistry and software engineering, were explored. To collect the data, a corpus consisting of 90 papers, 30 for each discipline, published between 2014 and 2016 in Elsevier journals was selected randomly. For genre analysis, Hasan’s model of generic structure potential was used, while Halliday’s model was used for the analysis of lexico-grammaticality systems. The results showed that ‘Previous study’ and ‘Purpose of study’ were the obligatory elements among the 11 types of generic structures. Furthermore, material process, declarative mood, the use of conjunctions in textual theme and circumstantial adjunct were mostly used, while no interpersonal theme was found in the obligatory elements. The findings promise pedagogical implications for novice writers and university students of English language generally, and second language or foreign language writers from different cultures in different fields of study, in particular.

Retoričko-kritička analiza Poslanice Galaćanima (I)

Članak analizira Pavlovu poslanicu Galaćanima po principima retoričkog kriticizma. Ovakav pristup biblijskim tekstovima postao je prominentan u posljednjih četrdesetak godina. Rani zagovornici ove metode djelovali su pod pretpostavkom da je Pavao pisao u skladu s tada poznatim retoričkim priručnicima. U tom smislu, uvod članka propituje odnos Pavlovih poslanica i antičke retorike i literarnog svijeta. Također istražuje mogućnost prihvaćanja šireg koncepta retorike kojega pruža moderno proučavanje te discipline. Uvod članka zaključuju pitanje odnosa retorike i epistolografije, kao i pitanje raspodjele retoričkog čina i njegove primjene na Poslanicu Galaćanima. Zatim započinje analiza glavnih retoričkih elemenata Poslanice Galaćanima, koja će zbog ograničenosti prostora biti nastavljena u sljedećem članku.

Rhetorical Textures of Mystery in the Johannine Apocalypse: Transformative Communitarian Performances Through Revelations, Metaphors and Symbols

Unveiling Revelation is not possible. While uncovering hidden symbolic messages associated with historical realities is unachievable, ancient and current readers are able to engage these symbolic layers, illuminating preterit and present speeches in their specific social loci . By discussing internal and external evidences of a collective composition through literary receptions of the Apocalypse of John , this essay asserts that a Transfiguring Church emulates itself through transgressive , symbolic language. By investigating the conceptualization of masculinity based on descriptions of ancient heroes in the imperial era, this article identifies rhetorical elements through a perfomative use of sexuality on Rev. 19:11-21. By arguing that economic and imperial civil religious ceremonies denote political domination, this study describes rhetorical, magical elements in symbolic characterizations of the Beasts and the dragon in Revelation . Therefore, the focus of this writing is the texture of language in some symbolic constructions distributed in the Johannine Apocalypse .

Memorable Metaphor: How Different Elements of Visual Rhetoric Affect Resource Allocation and Memory for Advertisements

ABSTRACTThis article explores how different uses of visual metaphor affect cognitive resource allocation and memory for pictorial advertisements. Metaphor is ubiquitous in advertising, and metaphors are often expressed entirely through imagery. Based on Phillips and McQuarrie's seminal typology of visual metaphor, we selected advertisements that featured either juxtaposition or fusion structures. We then conducted a within-subjects experiment in which thirty-six participants viewed a series of juxtaposition and fusion ads. While viewing each ad, participants were prompted to respond to a series of visual probes. Their reaction times to these probes served as an indicator of cognitive resource allocation. Afterward, we assessed participants’ recognition and free recall accuracy. Reaction time data showed that fusion ads required greater cognitive resource allocation and yielded more accurate recall than juxtaposition ads. These results are discussed in terms of both theories of visual metaphor and limited capacity models of cognition.

The Ways We Wonder “What If?”

In this essay, I seek to refine our understanding of historical counterfactuals by classifying them into a new typology. After providing a systematic definition of counterfactuals, I divide them up into five different categories: causal, emotive, temporal, spatial, and manneristic. Within each of these categories, I identify eighteen different types of counterfactuals, which I classify with descriptive names and illustrate with specific examples from recent works of historiography. The different types of counterfactuals vary in numerous ways, but they are all linked by their rhetorical elements. These elements, in turn, help explain the present-day popularity of wondering how history might have been different.

A Rhetorical Approach to the Literary Essay: Pedagogical Implications

The teaching of the literary essay is usually ignored in many universities due to its probing and inconclusive form which has not favoured the existence of models of analysis. However, the argumentative nature of this discourse can be examined through a reading that allows the recognition of some rhetorical operations like the invention of arguments (inuentio), their arrangement (dispositio) and expressive manifestation (elocutio). This article proposes a model of analysis following this rhetorical approach. In particular, I apply this analysis to a short essay by Virginia Woolf, ‘Royalty’. Woolf has been considered a major writer of the twentieth century. Although the style of her novels has been extensively researched from diverse perspectives, the style of her essays has not received much critical attention. Throughout my study, I indicate how the recognition and interpretation of arguments and rhetorical figures can help to define the style of this essay. Furthermore, I provide some guidelines for the identification and further interpretation of these rhetorical elements. Both the analysis and the guidelines can be useful in the literature and composition classes.

‘Of the People or for the People’? An Analysis of Populist Discourse in the 2014 European Parliament Elections in Romania

&lt;p&gt;Populism is on the rise in Europe; this is a fact attested by the success of populist parties in recent elections (regional, national, European). Populists’ electoral performance can be explained from a variety of perspectives, depending on the focus of the analysis; e.g. ideological, socio-economic, political factors. This paper aims to contribute insightful observations to the attempts to show how these parties have managed to score so well in elections by analyzing the communication and discursive practices used by populist politicians. I will focus on examining elements of populist rhetoric used by populist politicians, as well as by mainstream politicians in televised debates and election posters from the 2014 European Parliament election campaign in Romania.&lt;/p&gt;

Bringing Attention to the Human Costs of War: Grievability, Deliberation, and Anti-War Numbers

ABSTRACTNumbers matter. Given the official administrative silence in public concerning civilian casualties during the so-called “war on terror,” the burden of counting in public has shifted to nongovernmental organizations. This article analyzes and critiques the rhetoric of two attempts to count civilian casualties in Iraq and, hence, to promote democratic deliberation over the human costs of war. Rhetorical critics need to focus on the rhetorical elements of numbers, particularly as these studies reveal how counting can increase the capacity to grieve an almost invisible Other. Anti-war voices reveal the tensions inherent in counting war dead and showcase two different—though not exhaustive—methods for making the numbers matter: the process of humanizing through naming and the numeration of massive totals of war dead.

Turbulent Flow

Abstract This article uses computational modeling and large-scale pattern detection to develop a theory of global textual transmission as a process of turbulent flow. Specifically, it models stream-of-consciousness narration as a discrete set of linguistic features and rhetorical elements and uses this model to track the movement of this modernist technique across generic boundaries (from anglophone modernism to more popular genres) and linguistic ones (from English to Japanese). Oscillating between statistical models and moments of close reading, the article shows how a quantitatively scaled-up approach, rather than reinforcing an image of global textual flows as singular and monolithic, illuminates world literature as a system constituted by patterns of divergence in structure and of difference in sameness.

The Narrative Structure and Rhetorical Elements in The Companions of Cave

This paper discusses the structural narrative and rhetorical aspects as well as the correlation found between the two elements in the English version of the story ‘The Companions of Cave’. This story is unfolded in Surah al-Kahf (The Cave) in the Qur’an. It aims to reveal various aspects of rhetorical styles used in the story. In addition, the narrative structure for each plot is further examined, and the rhetorical elements are explored to reveal its beauty, refinement and subtlety, as well as its function and role in supporting the narrative structure. To achieve these objectives, the study deliberated both its linguistic and situational contexts to reveal its congruency within the narrative elements, and offer explanation on why it appears to be so in the Qur’an.

Managing public feeling: Temporality, mourning and the Marikana Massacre in Rehad Desai’s Miners Shot Down

This paper analyses Rehad Desai’s documentary film Miners Shot Down in an effort to chart some of the ways in which public feelings were managed in both the run-up to and the aftermath of the Marikana massacre in South Africa. I suggest that the affective and temporal dimensions of current attempts at containing perceived threats to financial and political stability on the part of South Africa’s business and political elite are key to understanding increasingly violent and repressive securitisation and crisis management strategies. The paper proceeds in three parts. First, I take a detour through scholarship on time and globalisation in order to make sense of the temporal politics of securitisation that led to the massacre in the first place. Second, I consider the difference between psychic and social forms of mourning and melancholia respectively, particularly in light of what these differences reveal about the technologies of sovereign control and affective containment implied by each. Finally, I offer a reading of the formal organisation of the documentary as a whole, and of those rhetorical and stylistic filmic elements that might be said to contract the temporal and affective distance that exists between the striking miners and viewing publics.

Rhetorical Discourse Analysis of State of the Nation Address of Select Philippine Presidents

The art of public speaking has been one of the commonly feared tasks for some people because they are not prepared and equipped with knowledge in rhetoric. The study was conducted to analyze the State of the Nation Address (SONA) delivered by the three presidents of the Philippines. Speech videos and speech manuscripts were analyzed using validated rubrics. A survey was also conducted to gather information on students’ perception on the study of rhetoric. Frequency, standard deviation, and weighted mean were used to analyze the rhetorical devices and canons of rhetoric employed in the speeches. It was found out that metaphor is a common rhetorical device used by the Presidents. The results show that the canons of rhetoric: invention, arrangement, style, memory and delivery were utilized in the speeches. Majority of the students of Rhetoric and Public Discourse, selfreported (or agreed) that the rhetorical discourse analysis of the SONA is beneficial to them as Rhetoric and Public Discourse students. The study concludes that the Presidents used the rhetorical elements and techniques to convince and influence the audience. It is recommended that the presidents (or their speech writers) should consider optimum use of the rhetorical elements and techniques to evoke the desired response from the audience.

Die resepsie van retoriese momente van die Filemonbrief deur Patristiese eksegete

The reception of rhetorical elements in the Letter to Philemon by Patristic exegetes. The aim of this study is to offer an overview of the way in which Patristic exegetes interpreted the rhetorical aspects of Paul’s Letter to Philemon. Although a rhetorical analysis of the letter was not the matter which interested them as such, one can still obtain a fairly good idea of the way in which they perceived such aspects by reading their explanations of this letter. Accordingly, the contributions of all the Patristic exegetes in this regard are studied systematically in this study. The interpretations of the letters by Ambrosiaster, Jerome, John Chrysostom, Pelagius, Theodore of Mopsuestia and Theodoret of Cyrus are investigated from this angle. In each case, the most important comments on Paul’s rhetorical strategy are identified and discussed.Keywords: Pauline Letters; Letter to Philemon; Rhetorical Analaysis; Patristic Exegetes

Uso de tecnologías para facilitar el proceso de composición escrita: análisis del efecto de la plataforma RedacText 2.0 en la calidad de los textos académicos escritos por estudiantes de Magisterio

Este trabajo busca estudiar el efecto de la plataforma RedacText 2.0 en la calidad de los textos escritos por estudiantes del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria. Dicha plataforma se basa en el Modelo de producción de textos del Grupo Didactext (2003 y en prensa) y ha sido diseñada para orientar a los estudiantes a lo largo del proceso de producción de textos académicos, mediante actividades que pretenden desarrollar estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas propias del proceso de producción textual. Para lo anterior, se realizó un estudio con diseño de medidas repetidas en el que se solicitó a un grupo de estudiantes la redacción de dos textos: el Texto 1 (T1) -escrito de la manera en que cada escritor solía escribir- y el Texto 2 (T2) -escrito con ayuda de la plataforma-. La comparación entre los resultados del T1 y del T2, mediante la aplicación de una serie de indicadores textuales de calidad (ITC), nos permite sostener que la plataforma resulta ser un instrumento efectivo para mejorar la calidad de algunos aspectos del texto, principalmente en lo que respecta a los elementos retóricos ya que no produjo cambios en los aspectos de contenido. Ello plantea la necesidad de introducir modificaciones en la plataforma para que sea una herramienta más eficiente en estos aspectos del proceso de composición escrita.

Imágenes de la locura en la Edad Moderna: escarnio y máscara en el discurso del poder = Images of Madness in the Modern Age: Derision and Mask in the Discourse of the Power

In the late fifteenth century the theme of folly broke into the narration of power through various narratives that used different textual expressions and visual images as rhetorical elements. These discourses covered a variety of heterogeneous fields, from medical to legal, social and political, as well as to the critical reformer and the religious counter-reformer. This paper analyzes how these images and their speech were configured in the Modern Age in connection with the dialectic among the way in which madness acquired iconographic category and its real life. The paper analyzes this process through the ridicule clothes, which the mad was forced to wear when he was admitted to certain hospitals, and dress maskes, as the jester or the baffoon. This work proposes an exploration into the mechanisms that converted the visual and textual representation of folly in a topos with moralizing dimension, and extremely useful as a pedagogical tool to indoctrinate to the illiterate popular urban masses from the power.