Republic Of Tatarstan Research Articles

Study of the effectiveness of a feed additive for calves based on fungi Trichoderma reesei and Ganoderma Lucidum

Gastrointestinal diseases occupy one of the leading places in terms of frequency and mass manifestation in the structure of pathologies of young farm animals. It is known that the main causes of the death of young cattle (cattle) are various viral and bacterial infections, as well as errors in keeping and feeding. Therefore, the development of feed additives from natural components, characterized by eco-friendly, cheapness, harmlessness in handling and technology in use, to reduce the incidence of animals due to nonspecific stimulation of protective mechanisms in the body remains an urgent task in the form of activation of bactericidal, lysozyme activity of blood serum. In this regard, the aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of a natural feed additive consisting of the mycelial fungus Trichoderma reesei LA-531 VKPM F-184, a soil isolate – producer of cellulases and hemicellulases, which use to produce feed protein, with the addition of fungus Ganoderma Lucidum, which has an immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic properties and is widely used in biotechnology, and sphagnum moss. The experiments were conducted on the basis of the farm of LLC "Biruli" of the Republic of Tatarstan on calves of 2 months of age, with a live weight of 60-70 kg, divided into three groups of 10 heads each. Group 1 calves received a basic ration (BR) with the addition of feed grain mixed with a substrate (moss-sphagnum) at a dose of 1 % of the ration. The calves of the 2nd group received a developed feed additive in addition to the BR (at the rate of 1% of the diet). The calves of the 3 groups were given BR (biological control). The experimental period was 30 days. It is shown that daily addition of a feed additive at a dose of 1% of the basic diet increases the safety of young animals by 20.0 %, leads to a decrease in the incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases by 40.0 %, contributes to an increase in the average daily weight gain by 30.1 % compared with the control group.

Effectiveness of the preparation «activiton» in acute post-natural purulent-catarial endometritis of cows

The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of the drug "Aktiviton" in the treatment of acute postpartum purulent -catarrhal endometritis of cows. The object of research were 15 cows of the Holstein breed aged 2 to 4 years, live weight 600-700 kg, owned by APK Food Program LLC, Mamadyshsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 5 animals each. The control group consisted of clinically healthy animals in the postpartum period, the experimental groups included animals with acute postpartum catarrhal-purulent endometritis. In the treatment of endometritis, the following drugs were used: ceftivet, flexoprofen 10%, sinestrol 2%, uteroton, nioxytil forte. The treatment regimen used for animals of the 2nd experimental group was improved by the inclusion of "Activiton". Before treatment, the following clinical signs were observed in the experimental groups: edema and hyperemia of the external genitalia, the release of catarrhal-purulent exudate. Rectal examination revealed an increase in the size of the uterus, stiffness, pain and consistency. On the echogram, thickening of the walls of the uterus and consistency, heterogeneity of the mucosa, diameter of the body and horns, and wall thickness were noted. After treatment, an improvement in the general condition of the animals, the absence of a specific odor, and the release of exudate from the genitals were observed. During rectal examination, the size of the uterus corresponded to physiological parameters, its rigidity was observed, there were no fluctuations and soreness. On the echogram, the absence of thickening of the walls of the uterus, the homogeneity of the mucosa, the diameter of the body and horns, and the thickness of the walls were noted. In animals of the 1st experimental group, an improvement in the condition of the genital organs was observed on the 6th day after the start of treatment, however, in the cows of the 2nd experimental group, these changes were recorded on the 4th-5th day.

ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ПОЙМЕННЫХ ЛУГОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Research with the aim of developing and implementing highly effective methods of surface improvement of floodplain meadows with partial preservation of old herbage and sowing of new perennial grasses based on the widespread use of modern integrated agricultural machines and implements was carried out in 2016-2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: processing of the sod of the floodplain meadow (factor A) – without processing; disking BDN 4 ×4 + flat-cutting processing to a depth of 22 ...24 cm KPG-2-150; processing with a universal cultivator-planar cutter with piercing action harrows (KPU-5,4) of the Perm Machine-Building Plant; processing with a cultivator-planar cutter equipped with a perforating action harrow (KPBL-3) of the Kazan State Agrarian University design; sowing of perennial grasses and mineral fertilizers (factor B) – without sowing and without fertilizers; sowing of alfalfa-stalk grass mixture at the rate of 12 kg/ha (6 million pcs/ha of germinating seeds) in combination with annual application in spring N45P20K45. The control was a natural grass stand without processing, without sowing and without applying mineral fertilizers. The results of the research have shown high efficiency of the complex application of the following agrotechnical techniques: layer-by-layer tillage using a cultivator-planer equipped with a perforating action harrow (KPBL-3), sowing seeds of perennial grasses and annual spring fertilizing N45P20K45. At the same time, the yield of the green mass of the floodplain meadow increases by 2.74 times compared to the original herbage, the profitability of feed production is 73.6%, the cost price is reduced to 6910 rubles. at the selling price for 1000 feed units, 12,000 rubles. The total energy costs for surface improvement of the floodplain meadow increase from 18.4 in the control variant to 21.6 GJ/ha, however, the accumulation of exchange energy in feed outstrips these costs by 3.2 times.

РОЛЬ СОРТА И ОСНОВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДВОЛЖСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of fertilizers, plant protection products, increasing yields and applying quality based on the selection of soft wheat varieties. Reserve study in 2020-2021 on chernozem soils of Avangard LLC, Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The agrochemical characteristics of the soil of the experimental plot are as follows: in the presence of 0-20 cm of humus (7.0-8.5%), P2O5 - 182-255 mg/kg, K2O - 159-193 mg/kg and soil acidity (pHsalt) - 5.5-5.8. Chemical analyzes of soils were implemented in the Federal State Budgetary Institution, the Central Agrochemical Service “Tatarsky” for the impact of methods: humus content (GOST 26213-91), pHsol. (GOST 26484-85), R2O5 and K2O (GOST 26207-91). The meteorological conditions during the years of research differed sharply. In 2020, the HTC amounted to 1.18 during the growing season of spring wheat, and in 2021 - 0.37, which had a very negative impact on the formation of the spring wheat crop. In the years of research, such varieties as Yoldyz and Ekada 109 turned out to be the most early-ripening. The duration of the growing season in 2020 was 96-102 days, in 2021 - 86-88 days. On average, over two years, the varieties Ekada 109 turned out to be more responsive to fertilization, yield increase, compared to the natural background - 0.81 t/ha, Arkhat - 0.48 t/ha, Balkysh - 0.46 t/ha and Burlak – 0.45 t/ha. For 2020-2021, in relation to the standard variety, the maximum increase in yield was provided by the varieties Ekada 109 - 0.93 t/ha, Yoldyz - 0.46 and Burlak - 0.44 t/ha against an unfertilized background, and with the introduction of NRK - 1,5; 0.66 and 0.49 t/ha, respectively. Spring wheat grains with a high content of protein and a mass fraction of gluten were formed against the background of the use of fertilizers in such varieties as Ekada 109 - 14.3 -14.8 and 28.0-28.6%, Yoldyz - 14.0 - 14.2 and 26.0-26.3%, Burlak - 14.7-15.0 and 25.7-26.1%. The quality of gluten (according to IDK) in the same varieties on both backgrounds of nutrition, belonged to groups I-II.

ВИРУЛЕНТНОСТЬ ГРИБОВ РОДА FUSARIUM, ПАРАЗИТИРУЮЩИХ НА ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУРАХ В СРЕДНЕВОЛЖЬЕ

Infectious diseases caused by fungi from the Fusarium genus are one of the main reasons for the decrease in yield and quality of grain crops. The aim of the study is to identify the most virulent fungal isolates of the Fusarium genus inhabiting the territory of the Tatarstan Republic and its neighbouring regions of the Volga Federal District. Wheat and rye spikes were collected in the summer of 2022 at the spike ripening stage. Thirteen fungal strains were isolated from obtained plant material and preliminary attributed as Fusarium species based on morphological characteristics. By analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) region of ribosomal genes, the obtained fungal isolates were confirmed to belong to the Fusarium genus. Most of these isolates were attributed to the species F. sporotrichioides, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. poae, while some isolates were identified at the genus level. Using virulence assays with wheat grain and rye plants in vitro, four isolated fungal strains were characterized as highly virulent. Based on the analysis of ITS2 sequences, the highly virulent Fusarium strains were assigned to F. sporotrichioides (1 strain), F. culmorum (1 strain), and F. oxysporum (2 strains). Other fungal strains (9 isolates) were characterized as low- or moderately virulent. In addition to the pronounced virulence properties, the detected Fusarium species have the potential ability to produce mycotoxins dangerous for humans and farm animals, which actualizes the need for detailed phytosanitary studies on the territory of the Tatarstan Republic and its neighbouring regions of the Volga Federal District.

Проблемы медицинского обеспечения лиц старше трудоспособного возраста (на примере Республики Татарстан)

Currently, most countries are showing a demographic trend characterized by an increase in the number of older people. In Russia, there is also a significant aging of the population, in connection with which, the number of people older than working age seeking medical care is growing every year. At the same time, the need is growing not only for treatment and rehabilitation, but also for the prevention of diseases, the implementation of active longevity programs. All this emphasizes the relevance and necessity of high-quality and sufficient medical support for this category of people. Purpose: to study the features of medical support for people older than working age on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods: the data of official statistics, including those of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, were used in the work. Analytical, statistical, mathematical research methods were used. Findings: To create optimal resource provision in the provision of medical care to people older than working age, it is necessary to: introduce new indicators of the state of health, increase the number of geriatricians, increase the number of geriatric beds, not reduce therapeutic beds, constantly increase the coverage of preventive medical examinations, medical examinations of people older than working age age, based on their share in the population structure (at least 25%).

The development of Islamic banking and of some Halal services in the Republic of Tatarstan

The article explores the ideas of Muslim women about the development of the Halal industry in the Republic of Tatarstan. The relevance of the study lies in the significant number of Muslims who are interested in the development of the production of goods and services that meet the norms of Islam. The research considers the services provided in the field of Islamic banking (mortgage, lending), beauty and health services, the development of Halal Lifestyle in the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, the paper reveals the problems of the industry, connected with the purchase of housing on a mortgage; overpriced beauty and health services; discrepancy between the cost and the quality of the products; lack of halal certification for some services etc. Attention is focused on the joint work of the official clergy, state authorities, employees of the Halal Committee under the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan, manufacturers and suppliers of goods and services, as well as Muslim consumers to coordinate efforts and receive feedback. Within the framework of the study, the author relies on a semi-structured interview – the method of qualitative research.

Puumala Orthohantavirus Reassortant Genome Variants Likely Emerging in the Watershed Forests.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) remains a prevalent zoonosis in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), Russian Federation. Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), carried by bank voles (Myodes glareolus), is the principal zoonotic pathogen of HFRS in the RT. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the similarity of the PUUV genetic sequences detected in HFRS case patients and bank vole samples previously collected in some areas of the RT. Furthermore, we intended to identify the reassortant PUUV genomes and locate a potential site for their emergence. During 2019 outbreaks, the PUUV genome sequences of the S and M segments from 42 HFRS cases were analysed and compared with the corresponding sequences from bank voles previously trapped in the RT. Most of the PUUV strains from HFRS patients turned out to be closely related to those isolated from bank voles captured near the site of the human infection. We also found possible reassortant PUUV genomes in five patients while they were absent in bank voles. The location of the corresponding HFRS infection sites suggests that reassortant PUUV genomes could emerge in the bank voles that inhabit the forests on the watershed between the Kazanka River and Myosha River. These findings could facilitate the search for the naturally occurring reassortants of PUUV in bank vole populations.

Automated Recognition of Tree Species Composition of Forest Communities Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

Information about the species composition of a forest is necessary for assessing biodiversity in a particular region and making economic decisions on the management of forest resources. Recognition of the species composition, according to the Earth’s remote sensing data, greatly simplifies the work and reduces time and labor costs in comparison with a traditional inventory of the forest, conducted through ground-based observations. This study analyzes the possibilities of tree species discrimination in coniferous–deciduous forests according to Sentinel-2 data using two automated recognition methods: random forest (RF) and generative topographic mapping (GTM). As remote sensing data, Sentinel-2 images of the Raifa section of Volga-Kama State Reserve in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia used: six images for the vegetation period of 2020. The analysis was carried out for the main forest-forming species. The training sample was created based on the cadastral data of the forest fund. The recognition quality was assessed using the F1-score, precision, recall, and accuracy metrics. The RF method showed a higher recognition accuracy. The accuracy of correct recognition by the RF method on the training sample reaches 0.987, F1-score = 0.976, on the control sample, accuracy = 0.764, F1-score = 0.709.

Some features of censorship policy during the Crimean War of 1853–1856

The article is devoted to the analysis of new sources found in the National Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan in Kazan, which clarify the picture of the censorship policy of the tsarist government during the war years. The study was carried out based on the modernization concept of Russian history, in which the printed word appears as one of the main engines of modernization, as well as on the methods of intellectual history, in which book publishing and the press are studied in close connection with issues of censorship policy. The modern historiography of the Crimean (Eastern) War continues to be enriched with new works devoted to Russian public life and connected with the history of the press and censorship. А rich literature is devoted to the history of Russian periodicals and journalism, but not to the censorship policy of the Russian Empire. The article considers a number of circulars of the Ministry of Public Education, which was the leading state body in the implementation of the censorship policy, but in war conditions it carefully took into account the requirements of the Military Censorship Committee under the General Staff. The emperor actively intervened in censorship issues, especially in publicizing literary works in the press. For example, the newspaper Samarskiye Gubernskiye Vedomosti shows, that the provincial press reprinted notes and reports about the war from the capital news that had already passed the censorship check. Despite the selection of information, these reports did not hide information about the losses of Russian troops

ПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДИКТОРЫ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ИНСУЛИННЕЗАВИCИМЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ В РЕГИОНАХ

A steady increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and aggravation of socio-economic problems substantiate the need to analyze the population attributable risk factors for diabetes, determined by the status of the regional economy standard of living. The purpose of the study was to assess the socio-economic gradient of incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in adults in two regions within one federal district in Russia, differing in the level of economic performance and well-being of the population. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis for the period 2005-2019 includes official statistics on the gross regional product and average monthly income per capita, the share of persons with income below the subsistence minimum, the employment index, the share of employees with higher professional education, and Gini coefficient in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the Republic of Mari El (RME). The study evaluated the normality of distribution, dynamics in indicators by the trendline coefficient of determination (R2), statistical significance of the differences in time series. The indicators were analyzed calculating the Spearman coefficient with a 95% confidence interval (CI) year-on-year and with a lag (lag effect). At all stages, the value of statistical probability (p) was indicated, the critical level of which was assumed to be 0.05. To identify multiple internal relationships between socio-economic indicators, they were grouped by the component method and factorial complexes were identified. Based on the results of the multiple correlation and regression analysis, models of impact of these complexes on type 2 diabetes incidence have been constructed. The study used Statistica 6 program and AtteStat Add-in Microsoft Excel, version 12.0.5. Results. In 2005-2019, the increase in type 2 diabetes incidence in adult population in the Mari El Republic was determined to be statistically significant and higher (p=0.01) than the one in the Republic of Tatarstan, where there was only an upward trend in the indicator. The socio-economic indicators of the Republic of Tatarstan were higher and characterized by higher growth rates than the ones in the Mari El Republic (p=0.0008) with a weak interregional convergence. Differences in the closeness and degree of significance of correlations between diabetes incidence in adult population and macroeconomic indicators between regions were determined to be insignificant. The main difference was the magnitude of the lag in incidence, reaching 9-10 years against the socio-economic indicators, the grouping of which by the component method in both regions combined into a generalizing economic factor, with the exception of Gini coefficient. The ranks and magnitude of the contribution of factorial complexes had the following interregional differences: in the Republic of Tatarstan, Gini coefficient was more significant in diabetes incidence, whereas in the Mari El Republic it was the generalizing economic factor. Conclusion. Results of the analysis of the nature of interrelations (strength, statistical significance, vector and prolongation) of the new cases of type 2 diabetes and socio-economic indicators in the regions, depending on the state of the economy and the standard of living, are the basis of the effective programs on decreasing morbidity.

Анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по туберкулезу в Республике Татарстан за период с 2012 г. по 2021 г.

In the Republic of Tatarstan, in the period 2012 to 2021 we observed a twofold decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis: from 48 cases per 100 thousand population to 23.4 cases per 100 thousand population. However, there is an increase in the proportion of patients with respiratory tuberculosis in the decay and contamination phase, as well as fibrotic-cavernous and multiple drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. It is important to analyze the epidemiological situation over a ten-year period, that will allow to develop or adjust measures for the prevention of tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Objective: To establish patterns of manifestations of the epidemic process based on the indicators of the general incidence of tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 2012-2021. Materials and methods: The study design is a descriptive epidemiological study. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of general tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2012-2021 was carried out. The analysis of the long-term dynamics of the tuberculosis incidence in the population of the Republic of Tatarstan was carried out. Intensive indicators of morbidity in general, by contingents and ages were calculated. The structure of tuberculosis incidence in the Republic of Tatarstan was assessed, extensive morbidity rates in percentages (%) were calculated. Results: The long-term dynamics of annual morbidity rates of newly diagnosed tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2012-2021 is characterized by a statistically significant downward trend (р = -0,973 р < 0,001) at a rate of 7.8% per year. The indicated speed of the trend has reduced the incidence of newly diagnosed tuberculosis in 10 years from 48 cases per 100 thousand of population to 23.4 per 100 thousand of population, or twofold. Conclusion: Despite a significant decrease in the overall incidence of tuberculosis over a ten-year period, both in newly diagnosed patients and registered patients, in the Republic of Tatarstan the clinical structure of tuberculosis becomes more severe, namely, we experience an increase in the proportion of patients with respiratory tuberculosis in the phase of decay and contamination among newly diagnosed patients, with fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis among registered patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Полипы эндометрия: состояние проблемы и предикция

The purpose — to study the current state of the problem of endometrial polyps, to analyze the prevalence of alleles and genotypes of the rs11841589 polymorphism of the KLF12 gene and their association with the risk of endometrial polyps and endometrial cancer in women. Material and methods. The article presents an overview of publications based on search results in the electronic resources PubMed, Elibrary, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The study included 247 women living in the Republic of Tatarstan: 86 with endometrial polyps (PE), 60 with endometrial cancer (RE), 101 patients without pathological changes in the endometrium. Clinical and laboratory examination, genotyping of the polymorphism rs11841589 of the KLF12 gene, pathomorphological examination of the endometrium were carried out. The biomaterial for genotyping the polymorphism rs11841589 of the KLF12 gene was DNA from whole blood (TestGen, Ulyanovsk). A set of reagents «Rapid-Genetics Test» by DNA-Technology LLC (Moscow, Russia) was used. The study was carried out within the framework of KSMU research No. 122082300042-2 in compliance with the principles and conditions of the Helsinki Declaration. Results. Endometrial polyps, due to their prevalence, high frequency of abnormal uterine bleeding and the risk of malignancy, represent one of the most serious gynecological problems worldwide. The mutant allele with the rs11841589 polymorphism of the KLF12 gene and the CC genotype, according to the study, do not significantly increase the risk of developing endometrial polyps and endometrial cancer in women living in the Republic of Tatarstan. It is proved that the prevalence of alleles and genotypes is comparable to the European population. Conclusion. This study showed that 247 residents of the Republic of Tatarstan included in the study had no association of rs11841589 polymorphism of the KLF12 gene with the risk of developing endometrial polyps and endometrial cancer.

Информированность населения Республики Татарстан по вопросам эпидемиологии и профилактики бешенства

The level of population awareness and alertness in the prevention of rabies, as well as the organization of anti-rabies prevention for the population, is an important factor that plays a role in the development of the epidemic process of this disease. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the awareness of the population in the Tatarstan Republic on the rabies epidemiology and prevention. Materials and methods. An anonymous online survey of the population permanently residing in the Tatarstan Republic (n=105) was conducted. Categorical data is presented as percentages (%) and absolute values. Results. 32 men (30.5%) and 73 women (69.5%) took part in the survey. The age of the respondents was 18-66 years, the median age was 26 years [Q1-Q3=23-30 years]. 88.6% of respondents live in the city (93/105), 11.4% (12/105) – in the rural area. 91.4% of respondents (96/105) believe that rabies can be infected through bites, scratches, and salivation by animals; only 59.0% (62/105) know that infection can occur when animal saliva gets on wounds. Only 66.7% of respondents (70/105) know about the existence of an anti-rabies vaccine. 60.0% (63/105) of respondents have pets, but among them only two thirds (65.1%, 41/63) have vaccinated their pets against rabies. A third of the respondents (35.2%, 37/105) experienced contact with an animal (bite or salvation of a wound). Among those who had contact with animals, more than half (54.1%, 20/37) did not seek medical help after the injury. Among the respondents who did not apply to a medical organization for help after the injury (n=20), only 45.0% of people suffered from vaccinated animals. 10.0% of respondents suffered from unvaccinated animals. In other cases, the vaccination status of the animal was unknown (45.0%). Conclusion. The study demonstrated an insufficient awareness in the rabies prevention and a low rate of seeking medical help in population after injury received from animals.

Approaches to Resource Assessment of Bird Use Potential in the Republic of Tatarstan

The preservation of biodiversity of rare and endangered birds in natural and anthropogenic landscapes of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) is becoming an important issue in the modern nature conservation activities. To date, there is no real resource assessment of the potential of using the representatives of the Red Book of the living world, namely birds. In this regard, this article presents the approaches to the selection of criteria for their assessment, based on the legislative acts, orders, articles and methods for calculating the harm caused to the wildlife of the Russian Federation (RF).

Социально-значимые инфекции у мигрантов в Республике Татарстан

The purpose — to present the frequency of detection of socially significant infections (HIV infection, tuberculosis, syphilis) in a group of foreign citizens undergoing a medical examination at the regional level. Material and methods. We used forms 089u/kv, a register of infectious diseases (form 060/u), information on the number of infectious diseases that pose a danger to others identified in foreign citizens and stateless persons who arrived on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2013–2022. Mathematical, analytical and descriptive methods of statistical analysis are used. The data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and using the OpenEpi online calculator. Results. The incidence rates of socially significant infections (HIV infection, tuberculosis, syphilis) in the Republic of Tatarstan have been declining in recent years. Medical examination of foreign citizens with a wide range of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination makes it possible to annually identify persons with socially significant infections; 25% of syphilis registered among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan is syphilis among foreign citizens. Conclusion. The annual registration of socially significant infections (syphilis, HIV infection, tuberculosis) among foreign citizens determines their importance in maintaining the epidemic process as sources, which determines the need for their examination, treatment and dispensary observation. The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of the modern organizational model of medical examination of labor migrants on the basis of Republic Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary in a «single window» regime, which makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of the timely detection of socially significant infections and the implementation of anti-epidemic measures.

Интеллектуализация гравитационного участка Дачного нефтяного месторождения республики Татарстан

Интеллектуализация гравитационного участка Дачного нефтяного месторождения республики Татарстан

ЛИНЕЙНЫЙ ПРОФИЛЬ БЫКОВ ГОЛШТИНСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ИМПОРТНОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВЕЛИЧИНЫ ИНДЕКСА ГЕНОМНОЙ ПЛЕМЕННОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ

Much attention is paid to the study of the use of linear assessment of dairy cattle in cattle breeding practice. The purpose of the work is to analyze the linear profile data of imported bulls, depending on the value of the genomic breeding value index GTPI. The object of the study is Holstein bulls of the imported selection of JSC GPP Elita, which are used in selection and breeding work in the Republic of Tatarstan. To study the animals' exterior, a linear genomic profile was compiled. When studying the linear genomic profile of imported bulls, it was found that they are generally characterized by average height, not a deep body, insufficient body strength, the sacrum is in the correct position, but the width of the pelvis is well developed, while the legs are developed towards elephantiasis, and the hoof has a high heel. The characteristics of the udder are generally positive, the front lobes are tightly attached, as well as the rear lobes, the lobes are wide at the back and separated by a groove, according to the assessment, the ligament is not strong, the bottom of the udder is located high, and the teats are of medium setness and are slightly close together, and the hind legs also have good staging. When studying the linear profile of bulls with different indexes of genomic breeding value, data was obtained that allows us to talk about an improvement in exterior indicators in animals in the group with a GTPI index from 2401 to 2600, while they are tall, have a wide body, strong physique, and have good milk shape and developed udder. But animals have only one negative indicator based on the placement of their hind legs. As a result of the research, it can be recommended to better use imported bulls with GTPI from 2401 to 2600 to improve the exterior of animals.

Ecological and environmental policy of Uzbekistan: threats, problems and solutions

By the 21st century, the problem of environmental protection in the context of globalization, having gone beyond the framework of one country or one region, has an impact on the entire planet. On the path to sustainable development in the world, the United Nations calls on the countries of the world to agree on solving environmental problems and follows the path of uniting their strengths and capabilities for creative work. At the 63rd session of the UN General Assembly, held in 2009, it was especially emphasized that maintaining harmony on planet Earth in order to achieve fair proportionality between the economic, social and environmental demands of the present and future generations is relevant. Socio-political relations for the protection and improvement of the environment are studied in a number of higher educational institutions and research centers around the world. In particular, at the research center and university of Wageningen (Netherlands) (Wageningen Universit and Research), at the University of Bonn in Germany (University of Bonn), at the Center for Environmental History of the University of Elabuga (Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan), at Peking University (Chinese People’s Republic) scientific research is conducted in the following areas: imbalances between man and nature as a threat to the ecosystem, rational use of natural resources, practical implementation of eco-innovations to achieve sustainable development, improvement of organizational and legal mechanisms for the implementation of public environmental control, features of the development of world environmental historiography.

Технопарк как институт проектирования развития территории

Technopark is an instrument of territorial development. High tech and highhuman do not function separately, but the article reveals that only together they give the greatest effect. Historically, the purpose of the technopark was the formation of innovative breakthroughs or the development of the territory. However, there is no innovative breakthrough in Russia, despite the investment of significant funds and efforts. The reason for this is insufficient attention to innovations in the humanistic and social spheres, whose task is to develop heuristic searches in a priority field of activity, with great attention to high-tech innovations. There can be two types of technoparks - technological technoparks with appropriate infrastructure and equipment, and social technoparks aimed at providing comfortable living, and conditions for creation of inventions. As a result, there is a homeostat that ensures the sustainability of social and technological technoparks. As a result of harmonious and manageable development, the interests of all parties (territory, population, residents) will be respected. This will lead to an increase in tax revenues and employment rates, an improvement in the quality of life of the population (the number of kindergartens, schools, universities, gathering places for conferences, coworking, comfortable housing will increase, transport infrastructure will develop). Residents will have increased production volumes (there will be high-tech, globally competitive inventions that will be successfully commercialized). After the start of sales, companies will make decisions to develop the business or sell it to a large corporation. Such a model of a technopark (a combination of innovative social and high-tech) allows the most harmonious development of the territory. As a result, there will be a rejection of the "Komsomol construction" method, the territory will be designed for a person as in the technoparks of developed countries (for example, Silicon Valley), and which is still not available in Russia. The only examples so far are Akademgorodok (Novosibirsk) and Innopolis in the Republic of Tatarstan.