ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ПОЙМЕННЫХ ЛУГОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

Research with the aim of developing and implementing highly effective methods of surface improvement of floodplain meadows with partial preservation of old herbage and sowing of new perennial grasses based on the widespread use of modern integrated agricultural machines and implements was carried out in 2016-2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: processing of the sod of the floodplain meadow (factor A) – without processing; disking BDN 4 ×4 + flat-cutting processing to a depth of 22 ...24 cm KPG-2-150; processing with a universal cultivator-planar cutter with piercing action harrows (KPU-5,4) of the Perm Machine-Building Plant; processing with a cultivator-planar cutter equipped with a perforating action harrow (KPBL-3) of the Kazan State Agrarian University design; sowing of perennial grasses and mineral fertilizers (factor B) – without sowing and without fertilizers; sowing of alfalfa-stalk grass mixture at the rate of 12 kg/ha (6 million pcs/ha of germinating seeds) in combination with annual application in spring N45P20K45. The control was a natural grass stand without processing, without sowing and without applying mineral fertilizers. The results of the research have shown high efficiency of the complex application of the following agrotechnical techniques: layer-by-layer tillage using a cultivator-planer equipped with a perforating action harrow (KPBL-3), sowing seeds of perennial grasses and annual spring fertilizing N45P20K45. At the same time, the yield of the green mass of the floodplain meadow increases by 2.74 times compared to the original herbage, the profitability of feed production is 73.6%, the cost price is reduced to 6910 rubles. at the selling price for 1000 feed units, 12,000 rubles. The total energy costs for surface improvement of the floodplain meadow increase from 18.4 in the control variant to 21.6 GJ/ha, however, the accumulation of exchange energy in feed outstrips these costs by 3.2 times.