Red Lip Research Articles

Breeding of a Medium-Sized and fragrant <i>Cymbidium</i> ‘Aroma Pink’

We report a new hybrid Cymbidium, ‘Aroma Pink,’ bred at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2017. The hybrid was derived from the cross of C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’ and C. eburneum in 2000. After the artificial crossing, 120 seedlings were obtained through in vitro seed germination and seedling acclimatization in a greenhouse. Based on a number of characteristics, including flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth, three initial lines were selected. The first and second trials for characteristics were conducted from 2011 to 2016, confirming the stability and uniformity of the three lines, and one final line, coded ‘00-1174-100’, was selected as ‘Wongyuo F1-62’ and named ‘Aroma Pink.’ This hybrid is a medium-sized plant with white petals (WNN155D), light pink colored sepals (RP62D), and yellow lip (Y2B). The flower has an incurved shape and the dimensions are 6.1 cm (length) and 5.2 cm (width), making it a relatively compact flower. Overall, its shape and size resemble that of its female parent, but instead of a dark red lip, it has a yellow lip that is similar to the male parent, giving a bright overlook rather than an intense impression. Each plant has 2.9 stalks on average and 6.5 flowers attached on each stalk. Although the number of flowers is relatively less, the flower has a delicate fragrance that is similar to that of C. eburneum. In addition, the new hybrid has a stable shape with erect peduncle and less drooping leaves. ‘Aroma Pink’ begins to bloom from March, under normal cultivation and without the need of moving it to a high altitude area. Although the color of the flower can become blurred in high temperature during flowering season, this hybrid is easy to cultivate and manage.

The combination of the Wilson bridge flap with A-T advancement flap for extensive red lip defects and defects of the skin of the lip.

The combination of the Wilson bridge flap with A-T advancement flap for extensive red lip defects and defects of the skin of the lip.

Anatomy of the Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries Revised: An Ultrasound Investigation and Implication for Lip Volumization.

Lips are considered a key element of facial attractiveness due to their central position in the face and their elemental role in verbal and nonverbal communication. The authors sought to provide clinically relevant information on the 3-dimensional pathway of the superior and inferior labial arteries within the lips to increase safety during labial soft tissue filler injections. The study enrolled 41 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 26.17 ± 9.6 years and a mean body mass index of 23.09 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Ultrasound imaging was performed at 6 different locations. The position of the labial arteries within the lips, depth of the arteries, cranio-caudal location of each artery in relation to the vermilion border, and diameter of the superior/inferior labial arteries were recorded. The most frequent location of both the superior and inferior labial arteries was the submucosal plane (58.5%) followed by intramuscular (36.2%) and subcutaneous (5.3%) planes. The depth of the superior labial artery in the upper lip was 5.6 ± 0.13 mm, whereas the depth of the inferior labial artery in the lower lip was 5.2 ± 0.14 mm. Both arteries were more frequently located within the red lip: upper lip (83% vs 18.7%) and lower lip (86.2% vs 13.8%). In the midline, the artery coursed within the red lip in all investigated volunteers. Clinically, results of this study favor a superficial injection plane for lip volumization procedures. A perpendicular approach to the lip (coming from the cutaneous lip) might increase safety because the artery is located most frequently within the red lip.

KLASİK FARS VE TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE ŞAHNÂME KARAKTERLERİ

Firdevsî’nin büyük eseri Şahnâme içerdiği bilgiler bakımından gerek tarih alanında gerekse edebiyat alanında araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmiş ve üzerinde birçok çalışma yapılmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Şahnâme hem Fars edebiyatında hem de Türk edebiyatında büyük ilgi görmüştür. Klasik Fars edebiyatında ve Klasik Türk edebiyatında Şahnâme’den esinlenerek eserler yazılmıştır. Kimi zamanda şairler şiirlerini yazarken Şahnâme’den faydalanmış ve Şahnâme’de geçen karakterleri edebi sanatlar bünyesinde kullanmışlardır. Şairler bazen memduhları için yazdığı kasidelerde memduhu yüceltmek için Şahnâme’de geçen büyük ve güçlü bir kahramana benzetmiştir. Klasik Fars ve Türk şiirinde şairler kimi zaman da memduhun düşmanını Şahnâme’de yer alan zalim bir karaktere benzetmişlerdir. Çalışmamızda hem Klasik Fars edebiyatında hem de Klasik Türk edebiyatında çoğunlukla kasidelerde yüzlerce örneği olan Şahnâme karakterlerine yer verilen bu tarz kullanımlardan ziyade her iki edebiyatta da gazellerde geçen farklı kullanımlar tespit edilerek beyit örnekleriyle dikkatlere sunulmuştur. Konunun genişliği göz önünde bulundurulduğundan her iki edebiyatta da örneği bulunan karakterlere yer verilmeye özen gösterilmiştir. Söz konusu örneklerle ilgili olarak her iki edebiyatta da beyitler dikkatle seçilmiş; Farsça beyitler Türkçeye çevrilmiş; beyitlerde geçen kahramanlarla ilgili bilgiler verildikten sonra gerekli açıklamalar düşülmüştür.

HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER AS A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH FOR ACTINIC CHEILITIS WITH SEVERE DYSPLASIA: CASE REPORT

A 41-year-old male patient, a white farmer, was referred to the stomatology clinic diagnosed as having actinic cheilitis. Clinically, atrophic and leukoplastic areas were observed throughout the lower lip, and loss of the border between the red lip skin and the cutaneous portion. An incisional biopsy was performed in the leukoplastic area, and histopathologic examination showed atrophic and atypical stratified orthokeratinized pavement epithelium with severe oral epithelial dysplasia. The therapeutic approach was the removal of all leukoplastic areas using the high-intensity diode laser for re-epithelialization of the affected mucosa. Proper follow-up is being performed every 3 months, and after 9 months, no signs of relapse were observed. Because of the potential for malignancy of actinic cheilitis and the presence of dysplastic epithelial alterations, an early approach is justified. The vaporization of the labial tissues with high-intensity diode laser was effective in superficial removal of affected tissues.

Lifting de lèvre et restauration philtrale par le lambeau en moustache

The restoration of the philtrum is an often neglected aspect in the technique of labial lifting with a perinasal scar, or it is secondarily resorted to by simple injections of hyaluronic acid. We are not in favor of the classic continuous bull's horn scar because, on the one hand, we consider that most of the labial shortening is due to the nasal floor resection -the internal excursion of which determines the final result-, and on the other hand that the approximation of 2 skins of very different nature (columella and lip) may cause a visible scar. The base of the columella is particularly well vascularized by the anastomosis of branches derived from the external carotid artery via the superior labial artery and septal branches distributed from the internal carotid system. We therefore consider that this zone on each side of the base of the columella constitutes the vascular pivot of our "mustache flap" drawn according to the classic peri nasal incision: this flap is desepidermized and then totally elevated from the orbicularis muscle except for its internal part where it is simply discarded so as not to compromise its vascularity; it is then rotated at 90° and inserted into a tunnel fitted in the subcutaneous plane down to the red lip corresponding to the restoration of the 2 philtral crests. Thus, all of the superior labial deformations observed over time (elongation and convexity of the white lip, flattening of the philtrum are corrected in a long lasting manner. The intervention is carried out under local anesthesia and, if necessary, the other elements of aging (loss of volume of the red lip, vertical wrinkles, defect of pigmentation etc.) can be corrected without risk at the same time.

Insight into the molecular function and transcriptional regulation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) components c-Jun/c-Fos ortholog in red lip mullet (Liza haematocheila)

The transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), is a dimeric protein and a downstream member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. It regulates a wide array of functions including, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, response to UV-irradiation, immune responses, and inflammatory conditions. AP-1 belongs to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein family, which consists of members from Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF subfamilies. In the present study, c-Jun and c-Fos homologs were identified from a transcriptome database of Liza haematocheila and designated as Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos. In both sequences, the signature bZIP domain was identified and also the DNA binding sites, dimerization sites, as well as the phosphorylation sites, were found to be highly conserved through evolution. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that both Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues of healthy mullets. In order to determine the transcriptional modulations of Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos, challenge experiments were carried out using LPS, poly I:C, and L. garvieae. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos in blood, gill, liver, and spleen. This is the first study that explores the correlation between UV-irradiation and AP-1 ortholog expression in teleosts. Also, this is the first time that the functional characterization of the teleost c-Fos ortholog has been carried out. Sub-cellular localization of Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos was observed in the nucleus. AP-1-Luc reporter assays revealed significant higher luciferase activities in both Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos proteins compared to mock controls. These results strongly suggest that Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos might play a significant role in Liza haematocheila immunity by regulating AP-1 promoter sequences in immune and stress-related genes.

Breeding of the Mini-Type Phalaenopsis Cultivar ‘Yellow Green’, Having Deep-yellow Flowers with a Red Lip

Breeding of the Mini-Type Phalaenopsis Cultivar ‘Yellow Green’, Having Deep-yellow Flowers with a Red Lip

Features of immune status in patients with various clinical forms of oral lichen planus

Oral mucosal lesions hold one of the lead places in the structure of dental diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) considered as a multifactorial disease is of top priority among dermatoses of oral mucosa and red lip border. Diverse putative concepts behind developing lichen planus pathogenesis are discussed including immunoallergic, viral, genetic and membrane-destructive theories. However, an immune theory is thought to play a crucial role in developing lichen planus. Despite documented induction of immune mechanisms, complex interaction between pathological process and normal defense response as well as stirred interest to it, multiple aspects of immunological conflict in lichen planus remain unclear. Few data describing altered immune parameters depending on clinical picture of lichen planus are currently available that suggested to perform the study aimed at examining immune status in patients with various forms of oral lichen planus. There were enrolled 286 oral lichen planus patients (248 females and 38 males), aged 2784 years. Based on clinical picture, all OLP patients were divided into 6 groups: a typical type, exudative-congestive, erosive-ulcerous, hyperkeratotic, atypical, bullous type. An immune status in peripheral blood samples was evaluated by analyzing innate defense mechanisms as well as humoral and cellular immunity. Multiple altered immune parameters characterized by impaired phagocytic capture and metabolic activity, disimmunoglobulinemia, altered ratio of major immunocompetent cell types and subsets were documented during the study. Moreover, OLP patients with typical, hyperkeratotic, exudative hyperemic, atypical and erosive ulcerous forms were found to have increased amount of CD4+ helper T cells associated with a self-sustained immune response due to suppressed elimination of pathogenic agents consequently resulting in developing autoimmune process. While analyzing immune status in OLP patients, it allowed to find a relationship between dysphagocytosis signs, impaired humoral and cellular immunity as well as various clinical forms of the disease. Thus, it suggests imbalanced mechanisms responsible for pathogen elimination might play a role in OLP pathogenesis, including infectious agents being involved in its development.

Возможные ошибки в диагностике рака слизистой оболочки полости рта и красной каймы губ, которых можно избежать

Introduction. The neglected forms of MMMC and lip cancer, despite their visual localization, make 54.8–61.5 %. This is due to the low severity of clinical symptoms in the early stages of MMMC cancer development, the late treatment of patients for help, the difficulties of medical diagnosis and the dentists have lack of cancer awareness.Purpose. On the basis of the differential diagnosis given in the article, to help practical dentists to improve the detection of precancerous diseases and early stages of MMMC and lip cancer or to exclude oncology.Materials and methods. In the article differential diagnosis of cancer ulcers with other, nonspecific and specific, ulcerative and ulcerative-necrotic lesions of MMMC is given.Conclusion. Deep knowledge of MMMC diseases by practicing dentists, obligatory examination of MMMC and lips with each examination of organs and tissues of the oral cavity will allow early detection of early form of cancer and prevent their transition to its neglected forms.Key words: cancer, mucous membrane of the mouth cavity, red lip rim, ulcerous lesions, differential diagnosis.

Two phospholipid scramblase 1–related proteins (PLSCR1like-a & -b) from Liza haematocheila: Molecular and transcriptional features and expression analysis after immune stimulation

Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins known to be responsible for Ca2+-mediated bidirectional phospholipid translocation in the plasma membrane. Apart from the scrambling activity of PLSCRs, recent studies revealed their diverse other roles, including antiviral defense, tumorigenesis, protein–DNA interactions, apoptosis regulation, and cell activation. Nonetheless, the biological and transcriptional functions of PLSCRs in fish have not been discovered to date. Therefore, in this study, two new members related to the PLSCR1 family were identified in the red lip mullet (Liza haematocheila) as MuPLSCR1like-a and MuPLSCR1like-b, and their characteristics were studied at molecular and transcriptional levels. Sequence analysis revealed that MuPLSCR1like-a and MuPLSCR1like-b are composed of 245 and 228 amino acid residues (aa) with the predicted molecular weights of 27.82 and 25.74 kDa, respectively. A constructed phylogenetic tree showed that MuPLSCR1like-a and MuPLSCR1like-b are clustered together with other known PLSCR1 and -2 orthologues, thus pointing to the relatedness to both PLSCR1 and PLSCR2 families. Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D graphical representations illustrated the well-known 12-stranded β-barrel structure of MuPLSCR1like-a and MuPLSCR1like-b with transmembrane orientation toward the phospholipid bilayer. In analysis of tissue-specific expression, the highest expression of MuPLSCR1like-a was observed in the intestine, whereas MuPLSCR1like-b was highly expressed in the brain, indicating isoform specificity. Of note, we found that the transcription of MuPLSCR1like-a and MuPLSCR1like-b was significantly upregulated when the fish were stimulated with poly(I:C), suggesting that such immune responses target viral infections. Overall, this study provides the first experimental insight into the characteristics and immune-system relevance of PLSCR1-related genes in red lip mullets.

Identification and characterization of a carboxypeptidase N1 from red lip mullet (Liza haematocheila); revealing its immune relevance

Complement system orchestrates the innate and adaptive immunity via the activation, recruitment, and regulation of immune molecules to destroy pathogens. However, regulation of the complement is essential to avoid injuries to the autologous tissues. The present study unveils the characteristic features of an important complement component, anaphylatoxin inactivator from red lip mullet at its molecular and functional level. Mullet carboxypeptidase N1 (MuCPN1) cDNA sequence possessed an open reading frame of 1347 bp, which encoded a protein of 449 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 51 kDa. In silico analysis discovered two domains of PM14-Zn carboxypeptidase and a C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase, two zinc-binding signature motifs, and an N-glycosylation site in the MuCPN1 sequence. Homology analysis revealed that most of the residues in the sequence are conserved among the other selected homologs. Phylogeny analysis showed that MuCPN1 closely cladded with the Maylandia zebra CPN1 and clustered together with the teleostean counterparts. A challenge experiment showed modulated expression of MuCPN1 upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and Lactococcus garviae in head kidney, spleen, gill, and liver tissues. The highest upregulation of MuCPN1 was observed 24 h post infection against poly I:C in each tissue. Moreover, the highest relative expressions upon L. garviae challenge were observed at 24 h post infection in head kidney tissue and 48 h post infection in spleen, gill, and liver tissues. MuCPN1 transfected cells triggered a 2.2-fold increase of nitric oxide (NO) production upon LPS stimulation compared to the un-transfected controls suggesting that MuCPN1 is an active protease which releases arginine from complement C3a, C4a, and C5a. These results have driven certain way towards enhancing the understanding of immune role of MuCPN1 in the complement defense mechanism of red lip mullet.

ASSESSMENT OF  SECONDARY CLEFT LIP/NASAL DEFORMITIES AFTER PRIMARY PLASTIC SURGERY ON THE PATIENT WITH UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP/PALATE

Objectives: Congenital cleft lip/palate is most common deformity of the face. Primary plastic surgery for rehabilitation and aesthetics is the need of the patients and family of patients, however, there are many secondary deformities of lip and nose post-surgery. Therefore, assessment of secondary cleft lip/nasal deformities is performed for planning of surgical repair. Method: 46 patient with unilateral cleft lip/palate, were operated with different techniques, are examinated post-surgery at department of Maxillofacial surgery, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Centre of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue Central Hospital. These patients were assessed according to the postoperative results of Motier score (1997) including of red lip, white lip, scars, and nose. Results: V notch and defect on the shift line are the most common deformities on red lip (52.2%). 34.8% patient have short white lip on cleft side. Straight and prominent scars is 52.2%. The most common deformities of nose are septal deviation (78.3%), narrow sill (52.2%), defect of the upper part of the nostril rim (78.3%) and low position of ala (47.8%). Conclusion: secondary cleft lip/nasal deformities is unavoidable. It is necessary to have a plan for surgical repair of these deformities. Key words: Unilateral cleft lip/palate, Secondary cleft lip/nasal deformities

New technical method to correct secondary vermilion deformities with cleft lip

Various techniques for correcting whistling deformities that occurred after primary surgery for cleft lip have been reported. These techniques are mainly intended to correct the lack of volume of the red lip. However, irregularity of the dry-wet lip junction (mucocutaneous junction) in the red lip has rarely been mentioned. If the wet lip is located in an exposed area, not only is the aesthetic appearance poor but also uncomfortable complications such as a crusted or bleeding lip repeatedly occur under a dry condition. A new technique for correcting the irregular line of the dry-wet lip junction is described in this report. The technique is simple. After removal of the exposed wet lip, flaps are designed on both dry lip sides of the defect as M-W-M plasty and are transposed toward the defect. The dog-ears are small; the scar is inconspicuous because it is incorporated with the wrinkle line, and scar contracture is prevented. In addition, more soft tissues may be included to correct a mild whistling deformity.

Cleft lip secondary repair: evaluation and description of the method of orbicularis oris three uints

Objective Secondary deformities are common in people born with unilateral cleft lip and palate. In recent years, more and more attempts and efforts have been directed toward the restoration of normal muscle anatomy. The authors present a new method of orbicularis oris repair in secondary cleft lip repair. Methods From July 2009 to December 2011, 24 patients underwent this procedure in the authors' department. Muscle reconstruction was divided into three units that dealed with the nasal base, white lip and red lip. Common anatomic pathologies including the displacement of upper lip, flared ala, blunted ala-facial groove, depressed nasal floor, lateral bulge, lack of philtrum column, free border deficiency and unapparent vermilion tubercle were corrected in a single operation. Results The average follow-up period was 16.79±6.23 months. No major complications occurred. All the patients were satisfied with their nasolabial appearance. Conclusions Three-unit muscle repair has found to be effective and practical in secondary repair. Favorable results demonstrate that improved aesthetic and functional results can be achieved with this comprehensive procedure. Key words: Cleft lip; Secondary treatment; Orbicularis oris muscle; Three units

A STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF LIP PRINTS IN RELATION TO GENDER AND BLOOD GROUPS AMONG EGYPTIAN POPULATION

Lip-print study (cheiloscopy) is a reliable biometric technology and considered as a unique parameter for identification. The aim of this study was to determine lip print patterns among sample of Egyptians population and evaluate their association with gender, ABO blood groups.A total of participants was 1000 (640 females & 360 males) their ages ranged from (12 to 75 years), 15 identical twins and 34 families, were included in the study. Lip print was recorded by usage of Red or brown lip sticks, white copy papers and tissue paper, the obtained prints were first examined by magnifying hand lenses and later analyzed and interpreted. Blood groups were recorded from persons aware of their blood groups after reviewing of official documents if available. The results of this study revealed hat there was no identically similar lip-print pattern appeared in two subjects even t among the same families and between identical twins. Groove type A (complete vertical) was the highest recorded pattern in both males 47.9% and females 49.7%. It was predominantly observed in the lower middle area, followed by groove type C (complete bifurcation) which represented 43.8 % (UL) area in males & 45.4 % (LR) area in females. The present Study proved that no correlation was found between lip print characteristics, blood groups and gender. In conclusion, lip prints are unique for every individual even in between the family and identical twins. Hence, Lip prints play a vital role as a supplementary tool in personal identification of suspects or unknown identity

Improving the Results of Cross Lip Vermilion Flap in Cleft Patients.

Cross lip vermilion flap is a myomucosal flap that uses lower red lip to augment deficient upper lip vermilion. Technical note that helps in imitating upper lip tubercle structure is presented. Appropriate patient selection to prevent unfavorable results such as color mismatch, local vermilion excess, and lower lip thinning are presented. Indirect benefits of this flap for decreasing upper incisor tooth show and better balance of upper/lower lip thickness are discussed.

Observation of effect of red lip defect repair using orbicularis oris muscles pedicle island flap disc

Objective To explore the effect of red lip defect repair using orbicularis oris muscles pedicle island flap disc. Methods 100 cases of unilateral pure red lip defect 1/3-2/3, lip lines full of patients were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into two groups, 50 cases in each group. Group A treated with debridement surgery to repair. Group B received red lip flap to promote repair treatment. The treatment effect of the two groups, satisfaction, lip survival rate and the degree of obvious scars were compared. Results he operation effect of the two groups was good. The satisfaction rates of group A and group B were 94.00% and 96.00%, respectively.For the lip shape treatment satisfaction, the difference was no statistically significant (P>0.05). The patients of the two groups with lip all alive, and 1 patient in group A with obvious scar, the scar was not obvious in group B. Conclusion For patients with red lip defect, take orbicularis oris muscles pedicle island flap of the oral mucosa or red lip flap to promote repair treatment has relatively significant clinical efficacy, with easy operation, less influence on the patients with facial form, it is worthy of popularizing. Key words: Oral mucosal flap; Red lip defect; Repair; Orbicularisoris muscles island

Growth and maturation of the redlip parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus.

This study presents age-based life-history information for the red lip parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus based on a 5 year sampling programme from the commercial fishery of American Samoa. Females reached sexual maturity at 31·9 cm fork length (LF ) and 2·6 years and sex change occurred at 42·3 cm LF , although not all females change sex through their ontogeny. The maximum observed age was 14 years and c. 65% of the fishery harvest was above the median LF at sex change.

What I Wanted, and: Our Lady of Victory Church

What I Wanted, and: Our Lady of Victory Church Patricia Clark (bio) What I Wanted I wanted to lift you up, especially you, Patricia M.,from a state next to mine—for your dog, Logan Blue, who gets an obituary note, and for your high schoolprom date, Jim Vash, whom you must have loved but who doesn't seem to be the father of your fourkids. I wanted to celebrate with confetti and to know, to pronounce my name, over and over, with deathin the back of my throat, to imagine the forthcoming lines written for me, perhaps, woven with a dog's nameor two, leavened with a humorous note, a poem, cinched by the belt of numerous towns I lived in, menand others whom I loved. Can the list go on? I wanted to name books that bowled me over, birds I sawor held, countries I flew to, oceans and deep lakes waded in or swum across, slopes I skied at midnight,food I couldn't live without. O earth, O trees. [End Page 172] Our Lady of Victory Church Out of a gingko leaf, a scrap of river birch bark,out of a morning that sparkles, icicle drip and sun, out of details that called to you the way peeperswill start chorusing in Lamberton Creek, soon, "we're here, we're alive," so the few obitparagraphs tell so many lives, ones worth knowing—except it's too late. And isn't it too latefor you, too, to reflect? Mrs. Clark of Hyannis Port, no maiden name, no mention of where you began.Living near the water, you recently persuaded friends to donate sails to be recycled for sustenance fishermenin Haiti. Only sixty years old at time of your death. Wherever we end, the date, or time, let's listen upand get to work! Sail on, bright boats through Caribbean waters—pull in a fish, unhooking the lurefrom a red snapper's lip—and let smoke rise from coals, later, enjoying the flavors of a glorious final feast.She's the one to whom we'll lift a glass. [End Page 173] Patricia Clark Patricia Clark is poet in residence and a professor in the Department of Writing at Grand Valley State University. Author of five volumes of poetry, Clark's latest book is The Canopy. She has also published two chapbooks of poetry: Wreath for the Red Admiral and Given the Trees. Copyright © 2017 University of Nebraska Press