Recreational Sphere Research Articles

РАЗВИТИЕ ШЕРИНГОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАК СРЕДСТВО СНИЖЕНИЯ СЕЗОННОСТИ В ТУРИЗМЕ

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to solve the scientific problem of substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of shering economy as a form of interaction of business structures. The purpose of the article is the theoretical justification, the development of scientific and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for the development of the shering economy in the Republic of Crimea. The subject of the study is the shering economy as a new economic model. An analysis of the types of shering developed in the Crimean region was carried out. The reasons that caused seasonal fluctuations in the tourism and recreational sphere of the Crimean region were determined, and the negative impact of seasonality on the functioning of the tourism and recreational sphere was also considered. The article provides a justification for the prospects for the development of one of the forms of sharing economy - colivating - in the Republic of Crimea. The advantages of the development of the shering economy include: great opportunities for small entrepreneurs, more efficient use of resources, organization of additional jobs, increased speed of searching for the necessary goods and services, and greater choice, no need for personal contact, positive impact on the environment, the creation of a new quality control system based on consumer feedback, developing social ties in the process of finding the right things and services. The work proposed to use cottage villages and miniboarding houses located in the region for colivings. Comparative characteristics of different temporary means of accommodation are given. The practical significance of the results is that the developed provisions and recommendations can be used by entrepreneurial business structures in the tourism and recreation sector to reduce the seasonality of functioning.

ПОДІЛЬСЬКЕ ПРИДНІСТЕР'Я, ЯК МОДЕЛЬНИЙ РЕГІОН ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНОГО ТУРИЗМУ

The purpose of the study – substantiate the possibilities for the development of extreme tourism within the Transnistria of Podillia, taking into account modern socio-economic conditions and the state of natural conditions and resources of the region. Research methodology. Analysis and generalization of available literary and cartographic sources and materials of own field landscape and tourism research using the principles of historicism and natural-anthropogenic combination. Processing, storage and visualization of analytical information by geoinformation methods using Delta software (version 5). Results. It is shown that the development of extreme tourism within the Transnistria of Podillia is facilitated by the «low-mountain» landscape in the structure of which there are deep (up to 200-220 m) canyon-like valleys of the Dniester and its left tributaries, almost «mountainous character» of rivers with waterfalls and numerous rapids, unique climatic conditions and vegetation. The relief and its forms are of particular importance for the development of extreme tourism here: the absolute heights of the surface decrease from north to south from 340 to 100 m, and the depth of incision of canyon-like river valleys from 60 to 220 m. The presence of steep (up to 400) slopes and cliffs up to 20 m high. The nature and landscape of Transnistria of Podillia is everywhere supplemented by numerous historical and architectural monuments, and is also reflected in the numerous and original traditions and customs of the local population. All together, it makes it possible to develop the tourism and recreational sphere, and extreme tourism in its structure, much more actively within the Transnistria of Podillia. Scientific novelty. Its essence is in a complex descriptionof natural and socio-economic conditions of Transnistria of Podillia suitable for the development of various types of extreme tourism, substantiation of their development, identification of priority types of extreme tourism in modern conditions and in the future. various types of extreme tourism, including training for children of middle and senior school age. The Tovtry of Podillia and Murafa are kind of «extreme» rest for elderly, especially a section of the Grand Canyon of the Dniester, the Kremenets and Podillia Mountains, the hollow sections of the channel of the Southern Bug and its tributaries.Their development in order to develop extreme types of tourism requires further detailed recreational and tourist research. Practical significance. The development of such types of extreme tourism as hot air ballooning, delta and paragliding tourism, parachuting, equestrian sports, Bicycle and hiking tourism, rafting tourism in the future, kayaking and jailoo tourism, hunting tourism and water tourism is justified. Territories in the area of the towns of Zalishchyky, Khotyn, Novodnistrovsk towns, as well as villages confined to the Dniester valley (Okopy, Bila, Busha) and its tributaries (Nyrkiv, Zavallia, Zaluchia, Stina) have similar natural and social conditions to this center of aeronautics. The rest of these types of extreme tourism, although developing within the Transnistria of Podillia, but still at a slow pace. Types of limited development include such types of extreme tourism as jail tourism, motorcycle racing in deserted terrain and extreme racing. It is noted that gradually extreme tourism can become a leader in the development of tourism and recreation not only in Transnistria of Podillia but also Podillia in general. This will allow not only to use more rationally public funds and funds of local communities, which are already allocated for the development of certain types of extreme tourism, jailoo tourism, motorcycle racing and extreme racing are classified as limited development but also to streamline their spontaneous manifestation and prevent injuries.

Rural Tourism within the Sustainable Development Goals: the Case of Ukraine

Research background: rural tourism is an economic and environmental activity that fits harmoniously into the concept of sustainable and inclusive development. In Ukraine, it is called rural green tourism, but in practice not all aspects of it can meet the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Purpose of the article: to analyze the relationship between the structures of the rural tourism goals and the SDGs, to demonstrate the evolution, possibilities of the development on the example of Ukraine’s rural tourism, especially in the framework of the European Green Deal. Methods: factor analysis – when studying the structure of the rural tourism goals and the factors that affect it, as well as when comparing it with the structure of other sustainable activities; elements of graph theory – in the graphical analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals decomposition in their projection into the plane of rural tourism. Findings & Value added: the structure of the rural green tourism goals in Ukraine have been harmonized with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Sustainability factors have been identified that allow the tourism and recreation sphere in the medium and long term perspective not only to form a competitive market for relevant services, but also to serve as an important component of the inclusive development. Factors of tourism sphere transformation due to the coronavirus pandemic are taken into consideration. The concept of the phased programming in sphere of rural tourism in Ukraine within the framework of the European Green Deal 2030 and 2050 has been improved.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ ТУРИСТИЧНО-КУРОРТНОЇ СФЕРИ

The article is devoted to the study of modern world economic trends in the implementation and use of infrastructure models for the development of the tourist and recreational sphere, in particular in Ukraine, in the context of a modern transformational economy. In the framework of this study, the methods and models used to develop tourist infrastructure were considered. The purpose of the simulation is to study some possible scenarios of resource redistribution in developing systems with asymmetry of production and consumption and the ability to manage to change these scenarios by changing the parameters of system elements. The use of mathematical modeling is becoming an integral part of many spheres of life, it allows to "understand" much better certain processes of modeling in tourism, it has a high social significance, namely to overcome the seasonality factor, sustainable tourism development, improving employment. etc. The development of a strategy for the development of infrastructure of tourist and recreational areas is based on the image of the desired future, which is largely determined by current problems and reflected in the strategy in the form of goals. Of particular relevance are the tasks of developing and improving tools for modeling to improve the tourism and recreation, it a set of mechanisms, models and technologies by which in real time it is possible to solve the variables of domestic and foreign resort and recreational areas. Planning the development of the recreational area, as any complex system, requires estimates of quantitative and qualitative patterns of its functioning, which can be obtained on the basis of a set of mathematical models. The use of mathematical modeling allows you to make predictions in complex systems and make effective management decisions in choosing ways of further development. The influence of the implementation of infrastructure projects on the development of tourist and recreational systems in the conditions of modern changes is theoretically proved. On the example of the policy of the world regarding the development of tourist and recreational areas, the importance of applying economic and mathematical models in the modern world is clearly emphasized.

Системний підхід до формування та функціонування туристично-рекреаційного бізнесу

The article is aimed at studying system approaches to the formation and functioning of the tourism and recreation business. The economic and social importance of tourism and recreation business for the development of the national and regional economy is substantiated, for with the development of this business in Ukraine in general and in the regions are particularly connected the prospects for economic growth, solving social problems, improving the quality of life of the population, developing regions and improving the image of the country. The main levels of systems in the tourism and recreation business are defined, by which the ordered framework of management, executive, innovation activities directed towards improving and developing the tourism and recreation sphere should be understood. The following levels are distinguished for the study of tourism and recreation business: all-Ukrainian, regional, district, city and level of enterprises. Subsystems of tourism and recreation business are defined, in particular: tourism, recreational and logistic; their main elements are characterized. The most important tasks of the State and local authorities of tourism and recreation business management are outlined, which are the following: conducting marketing research that requires the involvement of a large number of experts; coordination of efforts of many organizations and associations; development of strategic national, regional and local conceptions for the development of tourism and recreation business with recommendations for their implementation for tourism and recreation enterprises; investment and legal support for the development of tourism and recreation infrastructure; consulting services on the implementation of concepts of development of tourism and recreation business; creating an attractive image of the country, region, tourism and recreation center; implementation of advertising events for purposes of public relations.

Теоретико-методичні аспекти управління балансом інтересів виробників і споживачів рекреаційних послуг в Україні

A study of the theoretical and methodological aspects of balancing the interests of producers and consumers of recreational services in the regions of Ukraine is carried out. It is noted that the development of the recreational and tourist sphere for many countries is a very important task today, since the tourism industry is one of the main sources of income to the budget for them. Ukraine, located in the center of Europe at the crossroads of transport routes, with favorable natural and climatic conditions for the progressive advance of its recreational sphere, as well as significant historical and cultural potential, the necessary human and material resources, significantly lags behind most European countries in terms of development of recreational and tourist services. The factors influencing the price and quality of tourist services are defined. It is determined that the management of the balance of interests between the producer of tourist services (tour operator) and recreational needs of the population should be materialized on the basis of a set of properties and characteristics of products or services that provide them with the opportunity to meet the agreed or predictable needs of consumers. As result of the study, it is concluded that the price and quality of the tour package affect the balance of interests between the tour operator and the recreational needs of the population. To consider the pricing and proper quality, the factors influencing them are analyzed. It is determined that the most influential factor is: the theory of consumer behavior. The formation of the price of tourist services is influenced by the costs of the tour operator, which largely depend on contractors. To increase the balance of interests, it is necessary to better study the tourist demand and offer a variety of services at diversified prices. Managing the balance of interests of producers and consumers of recreational services in Ukraine should be based on the understanding that a tourist product is a specific one, and the quality determination largely depends on the factors of influence: volatility of quality, seasonality, etc.

Проблематика организации цифрового досуга в зарубежной исследовательской практике

An overview of the research into digital leisure that has intensified in recent decades is presented. When studying this issue, a variety of interdisciplinary integrations and collaborations arise, which made it possible to identify positive and negative trends, as well as promising directions for the development of this segment of leisure activities. In particular, foreign studies have established vectors for the development of digital leisure associated with overcoming the dichotomy of the workspace and the recreational sphere, gamification of work processes, the simultaneous execution of several types of activities, including leisure. The “digital turn” leads to the deterritorialization of space and leisure time, overcoming the inequality of resources and opportunities, contributes to personalization, privatization, simplification and marketization of the public sphere, and stimulates a recreational and entertainment model of behavior. Digital technologies, on the one hand, alienate family members, and on the other, connect physically separated friends and relatives. At the same time, online activity reduces the time for communication with other people, sports activities and amateur creativity. On this basis, a variety of Internet addictions and addictive behavior arise. According to the research results, it was found that digital leisure significantly affects the indicators of well-being of older people: their physical and cognitive functioning is optimized, intergenerational interactions improve, and social isolation decreases.

ГЕОГРАФИЯ МУЗЕЕВ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МУЗЕЙНОГО ТУРИЗМА В САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Due to the growing socio-cultural significance and economic activity, museums are arousing research interest of specialists from various scientific fields. Close interaction of museum organizations with the tourism and recreation sphere gives relevance to research into the role that modern museum forms play in the formation of certain types of tourism, into regional features of museum placement, the impact that museums have on the economy and spatial organization of territories. A comprehensive study of the regional set of museums and the museum tourism development in the Samara region shows that the current state of museums, the lack of major museum destinations and funding for new high attractions do not allow the region to compete successfully for cruise tourists and in the framework of the interregional tourist project The Great Volga River Route. In the placement of Samara museums, one can trace the influence of agglomeration processes occurring in the region. This is manifested both in the concentration of museum activities in the center of the agglomeration and in the weak use of museum resources, growing risks of losing monuments on the boundaries. Under the existing conditions, the creation of new museum offers and the development of museum tourism in the Samara region is supposed to involve the following: the use of positive effects of agglomeration and overcoming of infrastructure constraints; increased readiness to compete on the basis of clustering and transfer of modern museum technologies from the central federal museums represented in Samara to regional museums, and from those to municipal and rural ones; innovative search for effective development models, integrated solutions and financing mechanisms.

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИСТИЧНО-РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ РЕГІОНУ

The purpose of the article is to analyze approaches to the concept of development in the context of its adaptation to the recreational and tourist sphere of the region. Regional development of tourism and recreation has its own structural and functional aspects, which are justified in the article. Method. The study was conducted in stages. At the initial stage, the problem was posed. The next stage was the accumulation of scientific information on the problems of methodological approaches to the development of tourism and recreation at the regional level. Then the information was processed using the following methods: comparative, statistical, analysis, synthesis, correlation, scientific systematization. Then there was a systematization of processed information and scientific substantiation of research results. Results. The results of our study can be expressed in several aspects: scientific, organizational, functional and practical, systematization. From the point of view of the scientific aspect, we conducted a search and analysis of the literature on development issues at different levels of the organization of territorial and spatial and socio-economic systems. Therefore, the subject-subject nature and purpose of regional development are determined. It is established that the regional development of the tourist and recreational sphere at the present stage is aimed at competition for the consumer of relevant services, greening, socialization in the context of job creation, living comfort. Organizational and functional-practical aspects of the study are reduced to the possibility of taking into account different types of development of tourism and recreation in the region depending on the available resource and infrastructure component, historical aspects of management, tactical and strategic prospects, geographical, socio-economic situation of the region. The systematization aspect is based on the attempt to systematize approaches to understanding development and their adaptation to the development of tourism and recreation at the regional level. The scientific novelty. The systematization of signs and types of development of the tourist and recreational sphere of the region is carried out. The subject-subject essence, and also the purpose and tasks of regional development are defined. The practical significance. The classification will help to structure information on development problems by certain features and types, to determine the priority in the formation of strategic documents for optimal planning of the development of tourism and recreation in the region. The results of the study will help increase the efficiency of innovation management in the tourism and recreation sector at the regional level. The key argument for this is that the main problem of regional development is the choice of modern regulatory strategy and tools for the implementation of management activities in the tourism and recreation system of the region as a priority area of regional economy.

Окружающая среда и общественное здоровье: актуальные вопросы организации здравоохранения и медицинского образования

The priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 642 of 01.12.2016, provide for the improvement of health-saving technologies, which in this article have been considered from the standpoint of their focusing on reducing health risks caused by the adverse impact of environmental factors, including by increasing the functional and adaptive reserves of the body. The article analyzes in order to improve regulatory legal documents in the field of improving the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and hygienic education of the population. Also, a critical analysis of the state of educational activities provided at the state level in the field of higher professional education and postgraduate training of medical workers in the direction (specialties): medical and preventive care, medical care, public health and healthcare. Concluded that to ensure scientific and technological development of the country's need to expand educational and enlightening activities on issues of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, hygiene, public health and organization of health care in health care organizations, and also outside in all major sectors of economy and business, in the sphere of organized tourism and recreation, SPA, fitness centers, educational organizations, sports, social welfare and life of the population, especially in terms of prevention, that in accordance with Federal Law № 323 of 21.11.2011 "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation" provides for measures to eliminate the harmful influence of environmental factors. Proposals and additions to the relevant state regulatory documents of the Russian Federation that have already been approved and are currently under development are given.

ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РОЗВИТКУ РЕКРЕАЦІЇ ТА ТУРИЗМУ НА ПРИКОРДОННИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПОЛЬЩІ В ІНТЕГРОВАНІЙ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПРОСТРОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The aim of the article is research related to the directions and prospects of recreation and tourism in the border areas of Ukraine and Poland (spatial dimension), which are reflected in the project of spatial planning - an integrated strategy for spatial development of Ukraine and Poland. Integrated spatial development strategy - a strategy for the development of the territory, which includes the solution of individual sectoral tasks and the construction of a comprehensive scenario for a certain period. This study identifies and presents the prerequisites and measures necessary for the development of the recreational and tourist industry in the border areas - the spatial-territorial aspect. Methods of research and solution of the tasks were carried out on the basis of generalization and integration of general scientific methods, analysis and synthesis, expert method, methodology of constructive geography and spatial planning. In the course of the research SWOT analysis, methods of functional zoning of the territory and graphic modeling were used. The results of the work reflected in this article will contribute to the development of the recreational and tourism industry, based on the principles of ecologically balanced, sustainable development, which are determined on the basis of functional zoning of border areas, taking into account the results of SWOT analysis. The presented developments clearly illustrate that the rational organization of the territory, definition of framework conditions and modes of use, first of all, from calculations of ecological and resource possibilities and features of the territory in spatial planning projects is an indisputable and unalterable basis for further development of territories. As a result of the study, the definition of further development of the recreational and tourist industry as a priority for these areas is substantiated. The scientific novelty lies in the importance and necessity of developing spatial planning projects (urban planning) for the rational organization of the territory and the use of available resources, and in this study it is for the development of the recreational and tourist industry in border areas. Reflecting the importance and relevance of the development of this industry in the territorial, environmental and economic dimensions, as well as determining the framework conditions and modes of use of territories. The practical significance of the study lies in the use of its results for ecologically balanced territorial development of the recreational sphere of the border areas of Ukraine and Poland. The functional types of tourist-recreational territories are determined according to the "rigidity" of town-planning regulations and specialization, the basic decisions on creation of connections, knots, zones of possible cross-border activity are outlined, the hierarchical system of tourist-recreational territories is ordered.

Recreation and work in an emerging country: a combination of regulatory and motivational influences

The work can not be considered in isolation from the recreation as a process of an individual’s vital forces restoration. In emerging economies, recreational management needs an actualization at both the macro and micro levels. The purpose of the study is an analysis of the possibilities of combining the functions of regulation and motivation in the direction of increasing productivity and employment due to improved recreation. The research methodology is the Breton-Brennan-Buchanan model, within which homo economicus feels the influence from the government and adjusts the ratio of “work – leisure”. A modified view on this model is that the state is seen not only in terms of income maximization. If the collected taxes are returned to the individual, in particular in the form of qualitative recreation, then in this case the demotivation in the form of non-effective work is reduced. The paper substantiates the directions of recreational sphere activation in Ukraine, namely in relation to: increasing the motivational role of the state, along with its exclusively regulatory function; participation of enterprises in the processes of discussion and implementation of measures relevant to improving the quality of the recreational environment and infrastructure within the framework of public space renovation.

ПІДГОТОВКА ФАХІВЦІВ КУЛЬТУРНО-РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ТА WELLNESS-ІНДУСТРІЇ

The purpose of the article is to analyse the influence of public wellness culture on the formation of wellness education in the context of integration of the tourist and wellness industry. The research methodology consists of a critical analysis of the main definitions of the cultural and tourism science sources for the study of wellness culture and wellness activities, an interdisciplinary synthesis of the main principles of wellness education in the context of the integration of the tourist and wellness industry, the methods of induction and deduction, as well as the content analysis. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the concept of “wellness education” has been introduced into the scientific circulation, its social functions have been characterised and the main directions of the development of the cultural and recreational sphere in the context of integration of the tourist wellness industry in the modern world have been determined. Conclusions. The main social challenges regarding the need to introduce wellness education and the most significant ideological foundations of its formation have been studied. The expediency of the use of the foreign experience in integrating the tourist and wellness industry, searching for innovative forms of the organisation of tourist and recreational activities focused on the comprehensive development of the individual has been substantiated. The study shows that the stable functioning of the wellness industry and the development of wellness tourism require a significant transformation of domestic recreational institutions, effective integration of the tourist and wellness industry, thorough scientific research and training of modern specialists. The article proposes to introduce areas of training: tourist and recreational activities (speciality “Manager of wellness activities”), cultural and recreational activities (speciality “Organiser of wellness activities”) to optimise the development of the Ukrainian cultural and recreational sphere.

Параметрическая оценка туристско-рекреационного потенциала муниципальных территорий

The article considered an algorithm for carrying out a parametric assessment of the tourist and recreational potential of municipal territories, tested on the example of the Russian Azov region. The presented model of parametric assessment based on classical and modern approaches to the study of tourism and recreation, and here is presented an updated version. There have been proposed, have been calculated and have been substantiated a system of indicators (indicators of natural, historical, cultural potential, tourist infrastructure indicators, socio-economic sphere, integral tourism indicators), reflecting the peculiarities of the development of the recreational sphere in the municipal regions of the Russian Azov region. The article proposed a typology of municipal districts in terms of the level and prospects of tourist and recreational development and recommendations are given on priority measures in each of the selected municipalities.

IMPERATIVES OF INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT IN RECREATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT

Topicality. The tourist and recreational sphere is one of the largest users of natural resources. Hence, there are urgent questions on how not only to increase the efficiency of their usage but also to ensure accessibility, preservation of qualitative and quantitative characteristics for future generations; also, the formation of recreational services for urgent recreational needs of all segments of the population. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to form the conceptual basis for the development of inclusive recreational nature usage. The following tasks for achieving this goal: to define the conceptual provisions of inclusive development that are relevant to the recreational sphere and recreational nature management; to offer an interpretation of inclusive recreational nature usage; specifying its features, principles, goals, criteria. Research results. Based on the dominants of inclusive development, the basic provisions of inclusive recreational nature management have been developed: equal opportunities in access to recreational resources; equal opportunities for the right to rest, restoration of psycho-physical conditions; equal opportunities to ensure the harmonious development of personality; improving the quality of life of people through the availability of recreational services; ensuring socio-economic activity, well-being and employment opportunities in the field of tourism and recreation and related businesses and fair distribution of results; improving the efficiency of the use of publicly available natural resources and conditions. The essence of inclusive recreational nature is to provide equal opportunities for the usage of natural recreational resources and areas to meet socially significant and individual recreational needs that positively affect the well-being and quality of life. Conclusion. It is advisable to use an inclusive approach to equalize the opportunities for the use and consumption of valuable recreational resources and conditions for recreation, health, comprehensive human, and economic development. The formulated essence, features, principles, criteria, and goals of inclusive recreational nature usage have indicated the directions of transformation processes designed to ensure the necessary changes to guarantee equal opportunities for the population of the country.

The application of tools of neural networks and artificial intelligence in the recreational sphere

The developed neural network mathematical model designed to assess the effectiveness of inbound tourism in various regions of the country. Using the mathematical model, the distribution of the significance of factors influencing the choice of tourists when visiting certain regions is revealed, which should be taken into account when adjusting the federal and regional policies in the field of tourism and recreational activities. The use of this kind of computer program will allow experts from relevant departments and travel agencies to increase the validity of managerial decisions and strategic developments. Thus, the competitiveness of the regions is enhanced and a new approach to the development of the recreational sphere is introduced.

Characteristics and trends in the tourism and recreation sphere development in Ukraine

Characteristics and trends in the tourism and recreation sphere development in Ukraine

The use of a neural network model for the analysis of tourism development in the regions of the country

Neurocomputer and neural network technologies are one of the most effective artificial intelligence strategies. A neural network model has been developed, designed to assess the prospects of tourism development in certain regions of the Russian Federation. In particular, the Krasnodar Territory was chosen for analysis as one of the most popular resorts in terms of the level of domestic tourism development. Using the neural network model built in Matlab, the impact of individual economic indicators on the number of tourist visits to this resort was evaluated. This kind of analytical activity is important for adjusting regional policies in the field of tourism and recreational activities and will allow relevant experts to improve the quality of management decisions and strategies being developed. Thus, the competitiveness of the regions increases and a new approach to the development of the recreational sphere is introduced.

Basin systems of small rivers of Western Podillya: state, change tendencies, perspectives of nature management and nature protection optimization

The level of anthropogenization of the natural processes and the geocomponents of the basin geosystems of small rivers in Western Podillya has been estimated and rated as ecologically dangerous from the viewpoint of sustainable and conflict free functioning. The scales of the transformation of the components of natural environment by economic activities since 1774 were revealed using the method of comparative-geographic analysis of cartographic sources. The scales of deforestation were determined, as well as the scales of the influences of drainage meliorations on wetlands, river floodplains and riverbed complexes. It has been established that such transformations of the state of the components of landscape systems have caused the manifestation of a set of unfavorable processes and phenomena (lowering of ground water level, promoting desiccation, soil erosion and deflation, soil dehumification, decreasing landscape and biological diversity, etc.). Calculated indices of the anthropogenic modification of natural components testify that the strongest adversary impacts on river systems and basin landscapes are caused by agriculture, deforestation, and drainage meliorations. Our analysis of the current state of reclaimed lands in the basins of the rivers Dzhuryn and Nichlava confirmed the conclusions of B. I Kozlovsky on the effects of drainage reclamation on groundwater in drained lands and of the formation within them and around drainage systems of negative hydrogeological zones of different widths. In the absence of precipitation for 30-45 consecutive days in summer there is a sharp decrease in groundwater levels, and overdrying of soils, which causes the manifestation and intensification of deflation, shallowing and even drying of the upper reaches of rivers and streams. At the final stage of the study, a system of measures aimed at ensuring the sustainability of river basin geosystems was substantiated. The introduction of an optimization model of land use in the basin geosystem is one of the priority tasks in the context of negative changes in the water regime of watercourses and the water balance of river basin systems. Optimization measures provide for the transformation of the part of degraded and unproductive lands towards the grasslands and the planting of gardens (slopes up to 7°) and afforestation (surface steepness over 7°) to improve the quality of environment and to form the environmentally secure land use system. Regional indices of anthropogenic transformation for the existing and proposed land structure as a normative regional indices of nature utilization optimality are calculated. Substantiation of schemes of basin nature protection networks was based on taking into account the role of protected areas in maintaining certain functional features at the sources, in the middle and lower parts of river basins. Based on the results of field surveys, it is proposed to create nine protected areas within the Dzhuryn Basin and eight protected areas within the Nichlava river basin, which will increase the share of protected areas of the Dzhuryn basin to 8% (compared to present 4.8%) and Nichlava to 19%. At the same time, it is proposed to change the structure of the nature reserve fund of the Nichlava river basin, taking into account the existing high share (77%) of general zoological reserves, inefficient from the standpoint of conservation of natural complexes, instead creating six landscape reserves on an area of about 800 hectares. The paper considers the possibility of further development of the tourist and recreational sphere in the near-Dnister sections of the river basins of Dzhuryn and Nichlava, and proposes the creation of Borshchiv Regional landscape park in the picturesque valley of the Nichlava River.

Assessment of the potential and use of recreational resources of Stryj district of Lviv region

In Lviv region, the development of the recreational sphere is a strategic landmark. Natural recreational resources of Lviv region and the largest in Ukraine in number, diversity and degree of preservation of historical and cultural resources have led to significant development of the industry. However, the territory of the region is characterized by varying degrees of development of recreational resources and development of recreational potential. The level and intensity of the current use of the potential of recreational resources of Stryi district are estimated. Due to the favorable geographical location, favorable climatic resources, a significant number and diversity of historical and cultural recreational resources, Stryi district has significant potential for the development of recreation. One of the main components of therapeutic recreation is the availability of natural therapeutic recreational resources – mineral waters and therapeutic mud – in the area. Morshyn has the largest number of mineral water sources, which are characterized by high sulfate content. 21 objects of the nature reserve fund have been created on the territory of the district, which has a high value for the organization of recreational activities and allows to consider them as the most important component of natural recreational resources. The potential of recreational resources of Stryi district is determined, which is 0.46 and corresponds to the average attractive level. Separate recreation centers have been formed within the district. This is, first of all, the city of Stryi, which has a significant number of historical and cultural resources, the city of Morshyn – as a center of medical and recreational recreation. The proximity to these cities of protected areas increases their recreational potential. Threats to further recreational use of nature are a significant anthropogenic load on the environment, irrational use of natural recreational resources and low investment activity in the development of the industry. Priorities for the development of recreational activities are the identification and use of new types of recreation, unique features of individual territories, popularization of their historical and ethnographic features, increasing the share of objects of will, in particular national importance.