Basic Reading Research Articles

Reading Marvell with John Aubrey (and occasionally Anthony Wood)

This paper explores how the recent critical reassessment of the biographer and antiquarian John Aubrey (1626–97) and the increasing availability of his writings can reveal new perspectives on Marvell’s early reception. Aubrey read all available instances of Marvell’s writing and studied them carefully and incisively, but criticism has not yet examined his engagement with Marvell as a comprehensive whole. This reveals that his primary interest was in data gathering: I use Aubrey’s letters, unpublished research manuscripts, and his biographical study Brief Lives, alongside the papers of his friend and collaborator Anthony Wood, to demonstrate how Marvell’s verse and prose were recognized as a valuable source for antiquarian and biographical research by early readers. For example, Aubrey emphasizes the importance of Marvell’s often neglected epitaphs. Aubrey also recognized that there were potential limitations for researchers using Marvell’s writing, not least his tendency to “severe” representations of his subjects. This severity could also endanger readers themselves, and I show how Aubrey and Wood tried to counteract accusations in the 1690s that they had shared the “Advice to a Painter” satires. This case demonstrates how the printed editions of the 1660s continued to possess an exceptional reputation for sedition which could be reactivated at moments of heightened political tension, and which far outstripped their actual content.

Comparing Tier 1 reading instruction with Tier 3 or special education intervention through an observational snapshot of school-implemented response to intervention across Grades 1–5

AbstractThere is limited research about Tier 3 interventions provided during typical school Response to Intervention (RTI) implementation. As part of a larger RTI exploration study designed to focus on students with the most intensive reading needs, our goal was to contrast their Tier 1 core reading instruction with their Tier 3 intervention. Schools identified participating students as receiving Tier 3 or special education for reading. We aimed to provide a snapshot of differences in Tier 1 and intensive interventions delivered to 264 students from 32 elementary schools. Our research team used the Instructional Content Emphasis-Revised (ICE-R; Edmond & Briggs, 2003) to observe differences in group size and the amounts and types of curricular content (e.g., code vs. meaning-focused) students received during both tiers. We explored whether these patterns were consistent across Grades 1–5 and if they differed in relation to students’ disability (reading disability vs. other disability vs. no disability). We also examined whether the Tier 3 observation data was consistent with administrators’ reports about RTI implementation within their school. Across the grades, we found significantly more small-group than whole-class instruction during Tier 3 than in Tier 1. We observed significantly lower proportions of code-focused instruction than meaning-focused instruction, particularly during Tier 1. Generally, code-focused instruction decreased across the grades in both tiers. Although we found a trend suggesting students with reading disabilities may have received higher proportions of code-focused instruction than other students, this was not significant after multiple comparisons. We discuss some similarities and differences between our observations and administrator data. We discuss implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

Ethiopian Early Grade English Teachers’ Preparedness to Teach Basic Reading Skills

Ethiopian children in early grades were found to be significantly nonreaders after 2–3 years of schooling regardless of linguistic variation. This is mainly attributed to the way children are taught basic literacy skills, which is attributed to teacher preparation and training. This research aimed to examine Ethiopian early grade teachers’ preparedness to teach basic reading skills. Five schools were randomly selected out of 44 public primary schools in the research site. Among 40 teachers of English in the selected schools, 32 teachers were willing to take knowledge assessment test and fill in the questionnaire. Two of knowledge test papers and two pieces of questionnaire were rejected because the responses were incomplete. The data were gathered from (n = 30) randomly selected primary schools English teachers by using a questionnaire and knowledge assessment test. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25.0). Descriptive statistics were calculated for the responses to knowledge test and questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation was calculated for the relationship among teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention, and teachers’ felt preparedness to teach basic reading after categorical data were transformed into scale. The results have shown that primary school English teacher preparation designated only certain lecture sessions of coursework and few of activities of practicum to teaching early reading. The average knowledge assessment test score of teachers was 43.4%; 21 (70%) of the teachers achieved below 50% while 9 (30%) of them achieved 50% and above. There is a statistically significant relationship among teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention, and teachers’ felt preparedness to help Ethiopian children learn to read. It can be concluded from the results that teacher preparation both in its courses and practicum activities did not place due emphasis on teaching teachers to teach basic reading skills. Participant English teachers also had knowledge gap about early reading instruction. Thus, participant English teachers were not adequately prepared to teach early grade reading. Teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention, and teachers’ felt preparedness to teach early grade reading have a strong positive relationship.

Reading Comprehension Skills and Prior Topic Knowledge Serve as Resources When Adolescents Justify the Credibility of Multiple Online Texts

This study sought to understand how well students (n = 274; M age = 12.45) were able to identify the author, the main claim, and the supporting evidence (identification performance) and to justify the author’s expertise, the author’s benevolence, and the quality of the evidence (justification performance) while reading multiple online texts. The study also examined the contribution of prior topic knowledge and basic reading skills (word recognition and reading comprehension) to students’ identification and justification performance. Students read two more and two less credible online texts about sugar effects on health. After reading each text, they responded to multiple-choice items that measured the identification and justification performance. Justifying credibility seemed more challenging for students than identifying the claim, evidence, and author. Word recognition and reading comprehension were statistically significant predictors of identification performance, whereas prior knowledge and reading comprehension were statistically significant predictors of justification performance. The findings offer new insights into the relationship between basic reading skills and credibility evaluation that can inform both theory and instruction.

Integrating Models in Education: Evaluating Strategies and Enhancing Student Learning Through Advanced Analytical Methods

This paper undertakes an in-depth examination of contemporary educational models, focusing on their impact on student learning and teaching strategies. It contrasts static models like the Item Response Theory (IRT) with dynamic models, notably Knowledge Tracing (KT) and its extensions such as the Knowledge Tracing Model (KTM) with a "Tutor Intervention" element. These dynamic models, particularly the dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) structure of KT, provide a detailed perspective on student learning, accommodating temporal skill variations and diverse educational interventions. The study further explores learning decomposition, revealing its effectiveness in evaluating various reading practices and their influence on reading fluency, underscoring the need for personalized educational approaches. Additionally, the paper discusses the Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment framework within Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), offering a holistic view of both the immediate and long-term effects of tutoring. Key insights are presented on the efficacy of different educational models in reading education, advocating for diversified reading practices and personalized learning strategies. The paper also identifies limitations in current models, such as high standard errors in learning decomposition and weak fits in models like LR-DBN, and proposes future research directions, including automated analysis and a hybrid approach combining human expertise with computational analysis. This approach aims to enhance educational data mining and inform effective educational strategies and outcomes.

Research on the Mechanism and Path of Integrating Farming and Reading Education into the Practical Curriculum System of Agricultural and Forestry Universities

It is an important talent support in rural revitalization to the personnel training of Agricultural and Forestry University in the new era. Integrating farming and reading education into the practical curriculum system of agricultural and forestry universities can enhance the connection between theory and practice, and meet the development needs of the modern agricultural industry system. It can enhance the theoretical level of practice, cultivate high-quality talents, and meet the positioning needs of professional talent cultivation. It can expand the theoretical level, innovate application capabilities, and meet the professional development direction. Based on this, it is proposed to design a labor education practice course that integrates multiple disciplines within the campus, carry out designated professional internship activities outside the campus through internship bases, and provide social connection services for graduation internship practice through enterprises and institutions.

학습자 읽기 진단에 따른 기초 읽기 지도 사례 연구: 지속적 교육 대상자로서의 초등학생을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to design a guidance plan including diagnosis and guidance data to improve basic reading skills for elementary school students who are subject to continuous education. To this end, the relationship between basic reading and thinking level was examined from an educational perspective, and the contents of the test and guidance plan were proposed to diagnose the learner's reading level. In addition, text data according to the learner's reading level were selected, and examples and results of learner instructional activities were presented based on this to confirm the actual reading learner's level data and instructional results. Accordingly, this study presented examples of learners by level according to the composition of the reading level diagnostic test questionnaire and text list of elementary school learners, and reading instruction activities as specific research results.
 The basic premise of this study was that reading competency is one of the measures that can predict the academic achievement of all learners in school age, so it was necessary to continuously make reading training, which is linked to other subjects, a habit in everyday life, and as a result, it was confirmed. If the basic reading, which is the basis of learning, is not properly prepared, the learner's knowledge base is poor, which can lead to secondary problems in school life as well as a decline in basic academic ability. It is expected that the text data and specific guidance plans for each level of this study designed with this in mind will partially solve this clue.

Strengthening Students' Reading Motivation and Engagement with C.A.R.E.

AbstractOver the past two years, as a professor of reading education, I have listened to, collaborated, and met with various PreK–12 educators virtually and in person. I collected questions, comments, successes, and challenges related to the ongoing transitions and demands of this post‐pandemic era on teachers, students, and parents. The topics of student motivation to read and engagement in reading remain among the top two areas of need and support for educators. In this article, I present a short summary of research on reading motivation and engagement followed by sample research‐based recommendations for strengthening students' reading motivation and engagement in today's learning environments and resources to support your instructional decisions.

초등학교 1학년 아동의 읽기이해 예측변인에 관한 연구

Purpose: This study was a short-term longitudinal study to examine how vocabulary and morphological awareness of kindergarten(Time 1) and word reading and reading fluency of first-year(Time 2) affect reading comprehension(Time 2). Method: A total of 67 children were participated both Time 1 and Time 2. At the Time 1 vocabulary and morphological awareness and word reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension were examined at the Time 2. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-test were conducted and then a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. Results: First, there were significant positive correlations among variables. Second, there were significant differences in variables according to reading comprehensive level of first graders. Third, the reading fluency had the highest influence on reading comprehension. Conclusion: There were that vocabulary, word reading, morphological awareness, and reading fluency are closely related to reading comprehension in first-year students. The result presents direction and guidance for reading education.

EFEKTIVITAS MEMBACA KOMIK DAN METODE STORYTELLING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA TENTANG SARAPAN SEHAT

House Breakfast should be a healthy breakfast. A healthy breakfast contains the nutrients the body needs to carry out daily physical activities, increases endurance and supports children's growth. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of health education, reading comics and storytelling methods, in increasing students' knowledge about healthy breakfasts. This research is quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design. A sample of 45 students was taken using quota sampling technique. The sample was divided into 3 groups (intervention group 1, intervention group 2 and control group), each group had 15 respondents. The reason for the number 15 is because it considers the effectiveness of small group health education. The comic media used in this research is the health literacy comic series published by Pendidikan.id. The results of the research showed that there was an increase in students' knowledge after health education had a p-value of 0.000. Comic reading education and storytelling method comic education are equally effective in increasing students' knowledge. Comics are an alternative educational media that is suitable for elementary school children.

대학 고전읽기 교육의 교육목표와 운영방안에 대한 연구

This study examined the practical tasks of college classical reading education by dividing them into the educational goals and class management of the classical reading subject, focusing on the <Reading a masterpiece> subject of S University. Discussions were conducted based on literature research and learner surveys. The goal of S University's classical reading education is based on character development, and the secondary goal is to cultivate communication skills, critical and creative thinking skills, and problem-solving skills. However, since the objectives of the subject are divided into basic and core competencybased educational goals, there is a problem that has not been systematized due to being organically connected and needs to be improved. The primary goal of S University's <Reading a masterpiece> is to pursue fundamental values, and the secondary goal is to cultivate communication skills. Therefore, the class is operated in a very closely linked manner with “reading-writing-speaking” to foster personality, communication skills, critical and creative thinking skills, and promote problem-solving skills that the classic reading subject aims for. As a result of the survey, most of the students recognized the importance of the subject goal in the course of <Reading a masterpiece> and cited that discussion among students in the best way to achieve the goal. However, as students have been speaking about difficulties in the reading books, which is a prerequisite for the discussion behavior, they sought effective improvement measures based on the existing teaching method.

EXPLORING TEACHER BELIEFS IN SECOND LANGUAGE READING INSTRUCTION IN GHANA

This paper reports on a study investigating the professed or stated beliefs and practices of 61 second language (L2) teachers in Ghana concerning reading instruction. The primary aim of this study was to explore whether the teachers’ stated beliefs and practices reflected the research literature on effective L2 reading pedagogy. The research employed a questionnaire that generated both quantitative and qualitative data. The data analyses revealed little alignment between the teachers’ stated beliefs and practices and the research recommendations for effectively teaching reading. Instead, their stated beliefs and practices focused predominantly on read-aloud/pronunciation and vocabulary, constituting a partial conceptualization of effective reading pedagogy. The results are discussed, and implications for practical L2 reading instructions are provided.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Challenges of Teaching Reading: A Case of University English Reading Courses

The centrality of reading in students’ academic performance has been well-established in the literature. As a learned skill, reading is acquired in an instructional setting and students’ ability to comprehend and interact with texts is largely shaped by reading instruction. The efficacy of reading instruction is subject to varied factors that stand as challenges to be overcome. This study aimed to explore the challenges experienced by university teachers in teaching reading to B.Ed. English major students. To this end, the study adopted a case study design that comprised purposively selected four university English teachers teaching English reading courses at a constituent campus of Tribhuvan University, and eight B.Ed. English majors from the same campus. The data were collected through a combination of three qualitative methods: classroom observation, semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. The findings revealed students having no coursebooks and relying on other substandard reading materials, students’ poor reading habits, students’ limited vocabulary knowledge, strategically untrained students, and the length of courses and texts as major challenges faced by teachers in teaching the prescribed reading courses. Drawing on these findings, implications for reading pedagogy are considered.

근원적 인지 메커니즘을 통한 난독증 탐구

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to identify dyslexia among various types of learning disabilities, explain its manifestation mechanism, and demonstrate it clinically.
 Methods This paper shows that through the fundamental cognitive mechanism, not only can the characteristics of dyslexia be understood in the most fundamental, essential, and holistic way, but also a better understanding of how dyslexia is fundamentally manifested. For clinical proof, non-verbal intelligence test (K-CTONI-2), Korean version of Children's Visual Perception Development Test (K-DTVP-3), the Korean Reading Test (KOLRA), and speech hearing test were administered to 7 elementary school students who continued to experience difficulties despite receiving reading education.
 Results Dyslexia begins with an excessively imbalanced structure of the brain's large visual and small auditory cognitive spaces. Due to the imbalance between the two cognitive spaces, visual acuity and visual memory appear strong, while auditory acuity and auditory memory appear weak, resulting in auditory internal attention deficit, which is the most important cognitive condition for language development. Auditory internal attention deficit in turn interferes with auditory information processing, resulting in serious difficulties in written language development and various symptoms observed in dyslexic children. The test results showed a low auditory function score compared to a high visual function score.
 Conclusions Dyslexia occurs due to functional defects in hierarchical cognitive processes such as auditory sensation, memory, and thought processing caused by an imbalance between the brain's small auditory cognitive space and large visual cognitive space. This paper presents directions for effective dyslexia treatment based on research results.

Design of A Profile of Needs for Basic Reading Teaching Materials in Riau Province

This research aims to design a profile of needs for basic reading teaching materials, especially at the tertiary level. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Research data was collected using a questionnaire. The profile questionnaire for the need for teaching materials for the basics of reading was displayed on the Google form platform. The research data was in the form of questionnaire results distributed based on the needs of students in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program which was available at 3 leading universities in Riau Province, namely Riau Islamic University, Riau University and Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. After getting the questionnaire results, data validation was carried out using interviews. Next, the data analysis technique was carried out using reflective techniques with the help of TagCrowd. The results of the research showed that the profile of the need for teaching materials for the basics of reading required by Language and Literature Education Students in Riau Province was based on four factors, namely factors (1) the content needs of students who want to understand the theory of reading skills, of course in accordance with real life and mastery of skills, (2) ) students' linguistic needs want popular vocabulary with complex information using simple sentences to make it easier to understand, (3) students' graphic needs want a book display with Times News Roman letters, 12 and A4 size paper equipped with pictures, audio and video, 21x29 cm using frames, and (4) students' learning media needs require teaching media in the form of printed books/e-books with interactive material containing public facilities such as tourist attractions and entertainment.) in the form of dialogue texts.

Standardized Russian reading chart for assessing reading parameters

BACKGROUND: A number of charts based on checking reading parameters are increasingly being used to assess visual functions. These charts are standardized, translated into many languages. The development of a Russian chart based on international standards and the determination of age norms of clinical reading parameters will allow it to be used for a more accurate assessment of the dynamics of diseases and treatment results. AIM: The aim is to determine the normal reading parameters in patients of different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on international standards, two Russian charts have been developed to study reading parameters. Reading parameters were determined during one session in 135 subjects, divided into 3 groups: I — 18–39 years, II — 40–59 years, and III — 60–81 years. Three main parameters were studied: maximum reading speed, critical print size, and reading acuity (RA). RESULTS: As a result of the study, age norms for basic reading parameters were determined. Maximum reading speed in group I was 192.5 ± 1.2, in group II — 180.6 ± 1.1 and in group III — 168.9 ± 0.8 words/min. Critical print size in group I was 0.14 ± 0.01, in group II — 0.24 ± 0.01, and in group III — 0.36 ± 0.01 logMAR. The reading acuity in group I was 0.009 ± 0.006, in group II — 0.075 ± 0.04, in group III — 0.143 ± 0.005 logMAR. The differences between the studied parameters in groups I/II, I/III and II/III were statistically significant (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The indicators of reading parameters obtained during the study can be used as approximate age norms.

Micro-expressions: A Study of Basic Reading and The Influencing Factors on Production and Recognition

In response to nonverbal communication in psychology, micro-expression research has gained widespread attention as a relatively new but growing field. As technology advances, researchers have developed computer-based tools and software to assist in analyzing micro-expressions. These tools use facial recognition and machine learning algorithms to more accurately detect and categorize micro-expressions. This article introduces the definition and basic types of micro-expressions by integrating related literature and further analyzes the four influencing factors including gender, cultural differences, occurrence background, and psychological states on the production and recognition of micro-expressions. Due to the limited research so far, we will establish the connection with micro-expressions with the help of facial expressions or emotions. Furthermore, three perspectives on micro-expression recognition are presented, including social safety, clinical therapy, and teaching efficiency, to illustrate the application of micro-expression recognition in current life. Finally, we suggest directions for future research on micro-expressions on interdisciplinary cooperation with other fields like brain science and so on.

A Advancing Higher Vocational English Reading Instruction: The Development Protocol of the Intercultural Awareness Experiential Teaching (IAET) Model

Higher vocational English education places significant emphasis on intercultural understanding. However, there is a notable lack of research on the reliability and validity of blended intercultural awareness teaching methodologies in higher vocational English reading education in Henan, China. This project addresses this gap by building an Intercultural Awareness Experiential Teaching (IAET) model. A pilot study conducted in a higher vocational college in Henan province, China, evaluates the efficacy of the IAET model. Using a model based on the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) instructional design, the findings affirm that the proposed IAET teaching model demonstrates validity and reliability for higher vocational English instruction. The IAET model emerges as a valuable tool, assisting English teachers in enhancing students' competence in English reading, thereby addressing the existing research gap. The IAET model stands as a catalyst, empowering English teachers to enhance students' competence in English reading.

한국 프랑스어 전공 대학학습자의 프랑스어 인터넷 신문기사의 장르파악을 위한 읽기 활동 고찰

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the communicative competence and reading strategies employed by Korean university learners majoring in French in actual reading activities, with the overarching goal of enhancing communicative competence through reading education.
 Methods To achieve this, the study focused on reading activities related to genre identification in French online newspaper articles. Ten Korean university students majoring in French and six native speakers participated in the reading experiment. The study utilized an eye-tracker and specifically analyzed fixation times (gaze duration, re-reading, and total reading time) required when reading words of the section and words indicating publication dates, based on information obtained from interviews.
 Results Participants, driven by the reading goal of genre identification, selectively identified and integrated spatially dispersed words and phrases in the text, understanding the genre through their different interactions. Fixation times required to read words of the section and words indicating publication dates revealed differences between native speakers and Korean participants. In the case of native readers, who were considered experienced readers, fixation times were longer for words of the section, regardless of syllabic length, referential competence, or reading path. On the other hand, for Korean participants who were considered inexperienced readers in French reading, fixation times were influenced by syllabic length, comprehension, and reading path.
 Conclusions The study highlighted that participants utilized communicative competence and selection strategies in reading activities aimed at genre identification. However, differences in reading aspects between the two groups indicated a particular deficiency in discourse competence among Korean participants in terms of communicative competence. In response, a pedagogical strategy that combines the teaching method ‘global approach to written texts' and Findlay and Walker's theory, an eye movement control model, was proposed. The research confirmed that understanding reading activity aspects is a meaningful approach to examining the (foreign language) communicative competence used by learners. It also emphasized the need for active reading that goes beyond relying solely on text, considering the characteristics of (non)linguistic elements provided by the text.

Korean Reading Education Using Audiobooks - Effects of Reading Based on Listening -

Korean Reading Education Using Audiobooks - Effects of Reading Based on Listening -