Railway Universities Research Articles

The unsupervised bearing fault diagnosis method based on the dual-framework Siamese network

Abstract Aiming at the problem of insufficient bearing fault samples in practical engineering, an unsupervised bearing fault diagnosis method with double frame twin network is proposed in this paper. This method only uses the source domain data to diagnose the target domain data, and can minimize the problem of domain difference. The concrete method is firstly to carry on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to the rolling bearing signal, and the processed signal is used as the input feature of convolutional neural network (CNN). The twin network structure is optimized and Manhattan distance is used as the loss function in the training process. The proposed CM network is applied to the diagnosis of inner ring fault, outer ring fault and normal state of rolling bearing. The results show that CM network can achieve over 90% accuracy on SQ variable speed vibration signal data set (SQV), Shijiazhuang Railway University data set (STD) and Case Western Reserve University data set (CWRU), which is suitable for bearing fault diagnosis under different working conditions and provides a new direction for fault diagnosis. The PyTorch code is available at https://github.com/xiaotianqu/The-unsupervised-bearing-fault-diagnosis-method-based-on-the-dual-framework-Siamese-network

Forming professional reliability of railway power supply specialists

The high level of technological, technical, logistics, organizational and economic changes occurring in the railway industry determines the trajectory of development of professional training of specialists. The priority of safety issues in the context of the complex influence of occupational risks actualizes the scientific understanding of the problem associated with the substantiation of effective characteristics that allow one to withstand the cumulative influence of occupational risks, effectively develop in the professional community, maintaining a stable equilibrium state of the “man – technology – production environment” system. Analysis of research and methodological literature, experience of professional applied physical training at railway universities of the Russian Federation made it possible to identify areas of research aimed at bringing the indicators of psychophysical fitness of specialists into line with the conditions for the implementation of their professional activities. In the structure of professional competence of railway transport specialists, researchers highlight readiness for professional activity. At the same time, in today’s rapidly changing conditions of the professional world, it is necessary to form not only the current (basic) professionally significant qualities of a future specialist, but also to create conditions for the development of potential professional abilities, which will allow effectively confronting risk situations and ensuring the formation of self-regulation mechanisms. The quality that ensures the mobilization and activation of available funds, reserves, sources to achieve set goals, solve problems, and unlock opportunities in a certain area is reliability. In the article it is shown that convergence of play with learning determines the developmental effect of the game method. The complex nature of the gaming method allows to form indicators in the structure of professional reliability of railway power supply specialists.

Computer training tools for students and graduates of railway universities in the development of practical skills

Teaching the basics of a profession to university students and graduates requires the use of intensive training methods to reduce time and increase the efficiency of knowledge acquisition. Railway workers have a special responsibility related to the safety of train traffic. In this regard, appropriate training, retraining, and certification should be provided. For this purpose, it is appropriate to use computer interactive teaching methods that use modern technologies for modeling and simulating the operation of various technical objects of railway transport. For this purpose, it is advisable to use computer interactive teaching methods that use modern technologies for modeling and simulating the operation of various technical objects of railway transport, that is, simulators and computer training programs that allow both training and examination of applicants. The work contains an overview of computer teaching aids for bachelors of railway universities. A description of the beta version of a computer program for studying the predeparture inspection of wagons for the timely detection of damage to rolling stock structures, emergency operation of mechanisms and other emergency situations was presented. A system was proposed for integrating the software product into the educational and professional program “Wagons and wagon facilities” in the Railway Transport specialty.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ПАКЕТНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ ПО ТЕХНОЛОГИЯМ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ СЕТЕЙ ОБУЧАЮЩИМИСЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ ВУЗОВ

The article discusses the role of telecommunication systems and networks in the work of railway transport. The authors analyzed the demand for the transfer of information data today, noted the principles of interconnection and building local networks, displayed the revised and supplemented material of the manuals. The introduction of a large number of information equipment in people's lives has led to a global transformation of the digital space. This is especially noticeable in the railway industry, where highquality and timely transmission of information data plays a paramount role in the transportation process. Due to digital transformation, the need for uninterrupted and highquality sending of information over long distances with minimal losses, the need to introduce theoretical and practical material on modern technologies for information data transmission networks. On the basis of this, an urgent need is revealed for training personnel in the study of network technologies in order to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, it is more important than ever to transform the educational process, to direct resources to introduce as much network equipment as possible into classrooms for visual acquaintance and study of the main points of packet switching by students of the railway university. The work also presents the progress of the laboratory work on the topic "Static Routing in Packet Switching Networks", which is performed in the Cisco Packet Tracer software network emulator. All the necessary commands used to perform laboratory work by students of a railway university are presented. The laboratory work, in turn, is devoted to the user interface, network configuration, one of the types of routing. It is concluded that by developing an educational program for students to study the work of building packet switching networks, it will be possible to produce a qualified specialist who deeply understands the operation of telecommunications equipment. This is what will improve the network component of railway transport.

Development of a university’s intellectual capital within “ontologisation”

This article introduces the concept of Networked Self-Developing Education System (NSDES). Such a system could be considered a modern university with a triple network structure where network team interactions between representatives of science, education and production are developed. A new model to explain NSDES intellectual capital development management is described. The model includes four interrelated parts (intellectual property, human, organisation and consumer types of capital). An important NSDES function is to provide conditions for lifelong self-development of scholars and students’ mastery of the scientific method. This is especially important for interdisciplinary natural sciences (biophysics, etc.). The NSDES has its integrative resource potential to meet this challenge. Such potential is accumulated in the open knowledge base and can be transferred to the education process provided knowledge is standardised in an ontology format. To build a course ontology to study the bioluminescent enzyme technology, the experience of developing ontology-based education solutions for railway universities which are evolving into “knowledge factories” is useful. Thus, “ontologisation” is proved to be a trend in the digital transformation of NSDES. The model’s implementation through ontology-based education solutions will create a foundation for the development of students’ research competences to solve urgent problems in sciences and industries.

Students of Railway College of the Town of Taiga in 1943–1991

The present article introduces a historical analysis of students of the Technical College of Taiga in 1943–1991. The socal analysis involved factorial, structural-systemic, and historical approaches. The Technical Railway College has almost 80 years of history, which makes it one of the leading educational institutions of its branch in the country. Since 1991, it has been the Taiga Institute of Railway Transport, a branch of the Omsk State Railway University. The author identified the changes in the contigent of applicants in 1943–1991. They appeared to be connected with the development of the country and education policy. The revealed characteristics made it possible to clarify the logic of the development of a particular institution based on the changes in the forms and methods of recruitment, payment, age, etc. In this regard, recruitment acted as a set of special methods, e.g.clubs of young naturalists, contests and conferences, material base, promotion of railway professions through alumni, etc. In addition, good working conditions and high salary were important factors that attracted people to the Technical College of Taiga.

К ВОПРОСУ О РАЗВИТИИ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИИ ПРИ ПОЛУЧЕНИИ ПРОФЕССИИ В ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОМ ВУЗЕ

Currently, career guidance activities are not given enough attention. We believe that these activities should be carried out for students of general education schools, starting from the eighth grade, so that students have the opportunity for self-determination within their future profession. The paper shows the possibility of preparing a modern specialist for professional activity by means of higher mathematics, namely, the introduction of professionally oriented tasks into the learning process. Problems of this type are understood as mathematical problems with practical content, revealing the applications of mathematics in various areas of work, which prepares for a future profession. In addition, the professionally oriented tasks proposed by the authors can be used as an effective tool to increase motivation in the study of the discipline "Mathematics". The presented article describes the need for the use of professionally oriented tasks in the process of studying at a railway university on the example of studying mathematics when studying in the specialty 23.05.03 "Rolling stock of railways", specialization "Locomotives" at the Samara State University of Railway Communications. Since some of the graduates who graduated from a railway university in the specified specialty begin their professional activities as an assistant driver, we will dwell in more detail on the description of the profession of a driver, considering it from the point of view of the need to gain knowledge from a higher mathematics course.

An impact of ontology-based service-oriented ecosystems on digital transformation of railway transport and engineering education

The scientific novelty of the article is to ground the digital transformation of railway universities through the development of an ontology-based service-oriented ecosystem. The analysis of scientific publications and results of technical and technological initiatives in the field of railway transport revealed that the industry business ecosystem based on ontologies would determine the nature of digital transformation in railway universities. This idea, however, has not yet been sufficiently developed in education studies. It is obvious that ontologisation will require new conceptual solutions and tools to be implemented. The authors propose a new didactic concept called "knowledge factory". The implementation of this didactic concept requires the development of ontology-based didactic tools. In particular, standardisation of education content through the concepts and relations in ontologies makes it possible to develop a web-application such as an intelligent tutoring agent. The study involved two stages. The first stage - conceptual - grounded the new "knowledge factory" didactic concept and the ontological model of interaction between the railway industry and railway universities. For this purpose, the authors applied the methods of ecosystem and ontological-semantic approaches. At the second stage - practical - an attempt was made to develop a prototype of an intelligent tutoring agent. With this purpose a fragment of ontology for the education course "Artificial Intelligence Systems in Transport: Agent-Based Approach" was developed. The top-down method was applied to develop this ontology. What is also emphasized is that the findings are to a large extent transferable to many industries.

Models for identifying career readiness of railway university graduates in the world educational space (theoretical aspect)

Models for identifying career readiness of railway university graduates in the world educational space (theoretical aspect)

О ПЕРФЕКЦИОНИЗМЕ В СТРУКТУРЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ – БУДУЩИХ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНИКОВ

Railway transport is a highly scientific segment of the transport industry. The high rate of technical, technological, informational, socio-economic and structural changes in the industry complicates the process of professionalization of young specialists, consisting of two main stages: professional adaptation and professional development. A specific feature of the personnel policy of the Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways" (JSCo "RZD") is the systematic horizontal and vertical rotation of personnel. This makes it possible to activate the internal activity of employees aimed at replenishing specialized knowledge and skills, but increases the level of influence of socio-psychological risks associated with joining a team, effective communication, maintaining labor discipline, making professional decisions in conditions of high personal responsibility. This situation necessitates the formation of professional mobility of future railway transport specialists as an integrative personality characteristic that allows them to successfully implement administrative and managerial functions. The totality of qualities that motivate development, improvement, self-realization and effort includes the phenomenon of perfectionism. The results of a pilot study of the initial level of development of characteristics in the structure of perfectionism and their correlation with the level of socio-psychological adaptation proved the need for the formation of indicators of positive (healthy perfectionism) in the process of professional training of students. The study involved 4th year students of the Samara State Railway University (96 people). The purposeful development of professional mobility of students-future specialists of railway transport will be facilitated by active forms and means of education (multimedia technologies, interactive tools, project activities, modeling and role distribution), stimulating motivation to achieve success, developing constructive communication skills, leadership qualities and abilities to stage and achieving goals.

МЕТОД КЕЙС-СТАДИ КАК ОДИН ИЗ МЕТОДОВ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МАТЕМАТИКИ

The presented article describes the case study method as one of the methods for the formation of professional competencies used in the study of higher mathematics. The relevance of the proposed method is due to modern requirements for the level of training of future specialists, the need to develop their professional competencies not only in the study of special disciplines. In this regard, there is a need to organize professionally oriented training in higher mathematics at a technical university. The purpose of this study is to scientifically substantiate and describe the presented model of the process of teaching mathematics in a railway university based on a case study. The scientific novelty of the research results lies not only in the development of case-tasks for teaching mathematics at a technical university based on the idea of the unity of fundamental and applied, but also in the fact that using the case-study method we determine the level of formation of professional competencies of future railway transport specialists. The application of the method under consideration is carried out on the example of the study of higher mathematics by first-year students of the specialty 23.05.05 "Systems for ensuring the movement of trains" of the Samara State University of Railways. The presented case technology methodology can be used at the university when teaching not only mathematics, but also other disciplines of the natural science cycle for future engineers

Digital transformation of the educational and methodological support of the railway university

A full-fledged transformation is impossible without the use of new didactic approaches and without the creation of a qualitatively new educational and methodological support. This is due to the peculiarities of the modern student. Modern students were born and grew up in an information-saturated world and they are dominated by clip thinking, which is focused on processing information in short portions. Based on this, the problem of developing such training programs that would be aimed at independent work, based on game methods of presenting information, would take into account the psychophysiological features of perception, processing and storage of information by a modern person becomes urgent.To solve this problem, the authors analyzed the results of cognitive psychology research, conducted a self-analysis of the experience of developing and implementing three-dimensional interactive training programs in the educational process.The paper reveals the problems and disadvantages of traditional ways of presenting information. Examples of the implementation of interactive training applications are shown. The method of organizing a distributed distance learning system is presented.The conducted research allowed us to outline ways to modernize educational and methodological support by using interactive applications, mobile learning, resource allocation, introduction of modern digital solutions and creation of a comfortable educational environment.

Trends in the professional training of railway electrical engineers of railway transport

The article deals with the main trends in the professional training of railway electrical engineers, which determine the relations between railway universities and production. The trend of integration due to the unification of the content of education and the determinism of academic disciplines ensures the professional mobility of a specialist both within the profession and in related areas of production. Teaching at a sufficiently high level of difficulty, stimulating the active cognitive and creative activity of students, requires an intensification trend due to the compaction and increasing volumes of information flows, the rapid development of the technical and technological foundations of production. The trend of cooperation determines the main directions and forms of interaction of vocational training with production and other institutions of higher vocational education. The gradual development of the main functions of professional activity (production and technological, operational and managerial, administrative and regulatory), in the process of personnel development of railway electrification engineers, contributing to the progressive development of specialist competencies, increases the adaptation period to the conditions of professional activity, characterized by the complex impact of professional risks. The study of the experience of professional training of railway transport specialists revealed the need for the formation of professional and personal characteristics of railway electrical engineers, which ensure the reduction of the impact of professional risks set by the factors of danger, uncertainty and alternativeness.

Pedagogical support of students, professional self-realization in the railway university

Pedagogical support of students, professional self-realization in the railway university

Mathematical modeling of the process of sustainable development of the personnel potential of industrial universities

The paper considers mathematical differential models of the dynamics of the number of teaching staff of a railway university during a certain period of its functioning. With the help of the constructed systems of ordinary differential equations, a method for managing the sustainable development of the personnel potential of industrial universities is proposed. In his research, the author relied on the works of Russian scientists, in particular, on [1-5]. To implement the principle of the scientific approach, the article proposes a method for studying the regularities of the dynamics of the number of university faculty members using mathematical tools and mathematical modeling. Modeling in this case allows us to identify some patterns and contribute to the management of the sustainable development of the personnel potential of railway universities. The paper presents an analytical solution of the Cauchy problem for a system of differential equations with given initial conditions. The model built on the basis of differential equations has practical value, because it allows you to determine and predict the number of personnel of the university at a specified time. In this paper, based on the methods of statistical analysis, the composition of PPS by age is studied. Some negative trends in the groups of teachers that create risks in the provision of the university with highly qualified personnel are identified.

Математическое моделирование процесса управления стратегическим развитием кадрового потенциала отраслевых вузов

The paper considers mathematical differential models of dynamics of the number of teaching staff of a railway university during a certain period of its functioning. Using the constructed systems of ordinary differential equations, a method for management of the strategic development of the staff potential of branch universities is proposed. In his research, the author relied on the works of Russian scientists, in particular, on the works [1-5]. To implement the principle of scientific approach, the article proposes a method for studying the regularities of dynamics of the number of university teaching staff, using mathematical tools and mathematical modeling. Modeling in this case makes it possible to reveal some patterns and contribute to the management of the strategic development of the staff potential of railway universities. The paper presents the analytical solution of the Cauchy problem for a system of differential equations with given initial conditions. The model built on the basis of differential equations has practical value, because it allows you to determine and predict the number of personnel of the university at the specified time. In this paper, on the basis of statistical analysis methods, the composition of the teaching staff by age is studied. Some negative trends in the groups of teachers that create risks in the provision of the university with highly qualified personnel are identified.

Место и роль аналитического исследования процессов подготовки кадров для транспортной отрасли

The defining role of analytical research of personnel training processes for the transport industry is indicated. In particular, the possibility of using the vicious Knall’s circles to identify problems in the development of transport education is investigated. The traditional functionality of the Knall’s circles has been expanded to the study of the mechanisms of positive development of the research object. Two types of models for describing these processes are proposed and analyzed, taking into account both additive and multiplicative effects of development. Using concrete examples, the methodology for constructing various types of process models, selecting the optimal type of model and predicting development is shown. A systematic approach to the study of transport education is also proposed to be implemented using the tools of cenological analysis, which takes into account all participants in the personnel training system in the industry. The scientific and educational values of transport education allow us to determine the completeness and stability of the educational system, the direction of development (degradation, positive development of the system), the role and place of an individual educational institution in the personnel training system. The cytological study is illustrated by the example of the analysis of the results of the activities of branch railway universities. Scientific and educational self-regulating organizations for training specialists for the regional transport system are considered as one of the mechanisms for managing transport education. It is proposed to create self-regulating organizations of personnel training that regulate the activities of educational institutions, both among themselves and with consumers of educational services.

Development of foreign language communicative competence in the process of academic and professional interaction in a second foreign language

This paper examines the peculiarities of teaching German as a second foreign language in a railway university. The analysis emphasizes the inefficiency of traditional methods and the success of the bilingual approach, which consists in a harmonious combination of methodological principles of teaching the first and second foreign languages. The authors carry out a theoretical analysis of the fundamental principles of teaching a second foreign language: a comparative approach, the principle of reliance on the first foreign and native languages, an autonomous approach, a cognitive principle. The paper deals with the issues related to interference and transfer in teaching a second foreign language. Project methods (simulation, presentation speech, Lapbook-technology) tested by the author in the learning process are offered as learning technologies, the use of which facilitates effective mastering of foreign language skills and abilities. The syllabus of the course A Second Foreign language developed by teachers of the Rostov State Transport University in accordance with the new edition of the Federal State Educational Standard is analyzed. The conclusion is made that this syllabus satisfies the requirements put forward by methodologists to the process of teaching a second foreign language. The analysis of the organization of the educational process with the use of textbooks and a fund of assessment tools prepared for the course is expected to be the subject of our further research.

Research component in training of transport specialists

A specialist in the field of transport systems must have high educational and professional independence, in the process of his future professional activity, constantly develop his competencies and master new ones. In particular, he needs to possess developed research skills, to be ready to solve new problems constantly arising in transport. The article proposes the author’s approach to the formation of educational and professional independence of future transport specialists, aimed at the development of research skills. Based on the competence-activity approach, the authors propose a system of work on the formation of a research component in the competences of a future transport specialist as part of the formation of his educational and professional independence. The materials of the article contain a description of the pedagogical experiment and the results of the pedagogical experiment on introducing the proposed ideas into the educational process of the railway university. The study was carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Irkutsk State University of Railways”.

Economic efficiency of management automation in educational organizations

The problem of using management automation in digital educational organization environment is considered in the article. The purpose of research is calculation of management automation performance indicators and rationale of using them. The empirical method of comparison, theoretical methods for forming a structure, making a conclusion about the composition, such as study, synthesis, analysis, are used in the article. The article is based on domestic and foreign research about information technologies in educational service management problems. The results consist in calculation of management automation performance indicators and allow justifying the position about using management automation in an educational organization based on Omsk State Railway University. The authors believe that the result of the research can be used in science and pedagogical activity concerning informational systems in the educational process and management automation in educational organization problems and digital educational environment development.