Railway Transport Research Articles

Формирование транспортно-пересадочного узла при взаимодействии автомобильного и железнодорожного транспорта

The article deals with the problem of smoothness of transferring passengers in transport hubs (TH) under the interaction of motor with railway transport. Three variants of integration of the subsystems of railway with motor transport have been analyzed: with deep passenger flow transfer, with close passenger transfer, with the crossing of the objects of interacting means of transport. Each integration variant peculiarities have been emphasized: deep transfer helps smooth passenger mismatch of single units of a rolling stock of railway and motor transport; under the close transfer there is a less orientation to a non-transport passenger service; under the crossing of the objects of interacting means of transport in transport hubs the interchanges of passenger flows must be located in several levels the number of which should be determined taking into account the number of means of transport providing suburban or suburban-urban traffic.

Analytical model of reliability of the freight rail transportation forecasting system

The purpose of the study: to develop an analytical model of the reliability of the freight transportation forecasting system by railway transport. Methods: economic and mathematical methods and models of transportation forecasting adapted to the peculiarities of railway freight transportation –models based on “Bottom/Top” approaches, methods of predictive adjustment by types of cargo, methods of scenario forecasting. Results: an analytical model of the reliability of the freight rail transportation forecasting system has been developed, the distinctive feature of which is the integration of cargo transportation evaluation indicators, characteristics of scenario methods and parameters of the forecasting process, a forecast has been formed for the volume and structure of freight traffic following through the Oktyabrskaya railway landfill for the future up to 2030 in the category of main types of cargo.

Technical capabilities and safe use of mobile communications 6G in railway transport

The purpose of the study is to describe the technical capabilities and promising approach to the safe use of 6G mobile communications in railway transport. The study used risk management methods in railway transport in accordance with international experience. As a result of the study, information about future 6G networks was systematized, the advantages of their specific technical characteristics over 5G networks were demonstrated, and methods were proposed to ensure the safety and security of information messages transmitted in railway telecommunication networks. In the context of the technical description of 6G networks, the following issues are considered: assessing the quality of services provided (including using indicators of the quality of human physical experience), the use of radio frequencies and combating multipath propagation of signals (based on more advanced methods of multiple access and filtering), the use of more effective modulation and channel coding methods, development of antenna array technology with multiple transmitting and receiving antennas and the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, functional network architecture (based on software-defined networks and network functions virtualization) and its physical implementation (through the construction of a space-terrestrial integrated network), the use of a new internet protocol (covering several levels of interconnection). In the context of ensuring the safety and security of transmitted information messages, the issues of identifying threats and possible countermeasures by implementing additional settings and functions of safety and security 6G networks are considered. The proposed approach allows us to justify the safe use of 6G mobile communications in railway transport.

Methodological features of the development of intelligent information technology for the transportation process in railway transport

The article presents methodological features of the development of intelligent information technology (hereinafter referred to as IIT) for implementation in the transportation process in railway transport. The purpose of this study is to integrate intelligent information technology into the railway transportation process using the IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The implementation of IIT will ensure monitoring of the condition of wagons and cargo from the moment of loading to the moment of unloading along the entire route. Methods: Analysis of the current state of the subject area, synthesis of solutions, mathematical modeling, provisions of the theory of automatic control are applied. Results: World experience in the use of intelligent technologies in railway transport was analyzed, a diagram of a control system for the process of accepting a car for transportation and a mathematical model of the problem that IIT solves was developed. The role of IIT in the transportation process is determined using the IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The importance of integrating IIT into the process of freight transportation by rail in increasing their efficiency through the use of new methods is shown.

Assessing the prospects of distributed ledger technology (DLT) development as an element of digital ecosystem of railway transport

Purpose: to evaluate the practice of implementing projects for digitalization of the life cycle management processes of railway infrastructure facilities based on distributed ledger technologies (DLT). Methods: general scientific methods such as observation, analysis, comparison, generalization and analogy were used. As a result of the conducted research: the main characteristics of the distributed ledger technologies, which determine the parameters and scope of their use in life cycle management of railway transport facilities, have been systematized; the effects of the implementation DLT as an element of the digital railway transport ecosystem have been identified; recommendations for the implementation and rollout of design solutions using DLT in the railway transport area have been developed. Conclusion: as a result of the study, recommendations for the implementation and rollout of the solutions using DLT have been developed. The findings and conclusions may be useful for railway companies, government agencies and other participants in the railway transport and logistics market when planning and implementing projects for optimizing asset life cycle management.

Use of Augmented Reality in Railway Transport

Augmented reality is an exponential technology being used within various types of transport. However, there are still transport technologies and systems where their use is still not realized resp. Augmented reality is approached dismissively. Railway transport also belongs to transport systems that do not yet use virtual reality sufficiently. This fact should be re-evaluated because augmented reality has great potential for railway transport. The paper presents one of the possible ways of using augmented reality in railway transport, which can improve a wide range of activities and increase efficiency in its operation.

Innovative Trends in the Field of Railway Transport and Infrastructure in the Conditions of Railways of the Slovak Republic

Railway transport in Slovakia has the second highest share of freight and passenger transport. However, Slovak railway transport is behind in the implementation of modern approaches and technologies. The railway infrastructure in Slovakia faces several tasks related to the modernization of communication systems, automatization of railway infrastructure, and implementation of a high-speed line. Railways of the Slovak Republic (ŽSR) is a state-owned enterprise managing the railway infrastructure in Slovakia owned by the state. The paper aims to point out the technological gaps in Slovak railways and to outline innovative trends in railway transport and infrastructure in the company - Railways of the Slovak Republic.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ НАДЕЖНОСТЬ КАК КЛЮЧЕВАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА В МОДЕЛИ ЛИЧНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СПЕЦИАЛИСТА

The post-industrial and digital development of society is characterized by conditions of high variability, uncertainty and chaos. The entry of network technologies and resources into all spheres of life, the technologization of production and management processes create the prerequisites for the emergence of risks of a different nature in all types of professional activities and social relations. This situation complicates the requirements for a modern specialist, requiring them not only to have subject knowledge and professionally oriented competencies, but also to have developed abilities for the active and transformative development of new techniques and technological solutions, a predictive assessment of possible risks and personal responsibility for the consequences of their choice in non-standard situations. The entry of the digital component is changing the organizational and technological aspects in the field of vocational education, significantly expanding the boundaries of traditional forms of education. The new psychological and pedagogical conditions of the open educational space have an impact on the quality of the educational process and the results of professional training, producing the negative effects of informatization of the education sector and developing the problem of educational risks (vital, psychological, social). The inclusion of the concept of "professional reliability" in the categorical space of pedagogical science is due to its content, which determines the correspondence of the qualities of the subject of professional activity with rapidly changing conditions for the implementation of professional activity. Professional reliability is a key and integrative characteristic in the model of a digital specialist, the content and structural content of which is determined by the specifics and features of a particular professional activity. The structure of professional reliability of specialists in railway transport is represented by a set of motivational-value, activity-technological and reflexive components. Experimental work proved the effectiveness of the developed didactic system for the formation of professional reliability of specialists in railway transport.

Документы Российского государственного архива экономики о торговом обслуживании железнодорожников в 1950-е гг.

Based on the analysis of a set of archival documents reflecting the activities of departmental trade management bodies in railway transport, the article examines the key areas of organization of trade services for Soviet railway workers in the 1950s. Despite the existence of separate works on the history of domestic trade and railway infrastructure, carried out at the all-Union, republican and regional levels, taking into account modern achievements of historical science and the development of the source base, the issues of the activities of departments and departments of working supply in terms of managing the work of railway trade enterprises still remain unexplored. The choice of the chronological framework of the conducted research is due to several circumstances. Firstly, by the mid-1950s, the stage of post-war reconstruction of domestic railway transport and its infrastructure was coming to an end. Secondly, in the second half of the 1950s, the active modernization of the industry began, caused by the urgent needs of the country's economic development. The main source for the study of the stated topic are archival documents reflecting the specifics of management activities for the organization of trade in railway transport. The authors of the article identified documentary materials in the 1884 fund (Ministry of Railways of the USSR) of the Russian State Archive of Economics, presented by administrative acts of the Main Directorate of Workers' Supply. They reveal the specifics of the transport trade, the nature of the measures taken to improve the quality of customer service. Geographically, the administration of departmental trade was carried out on the entire railway network of the USSR. Based on the analysis of the contents of these documents, a range of problems that had to be solved by management structures in order to ensure the effective functioning of trading enterprises is presented. Archival documents quite objectively highlight the situation in the transport trade. The accounting documents of the planning and economic divisions of the industry contain valuable statistical data on the number of trading enterprises, the contingent of their employees and the volume of trade turnover. Their introduction into scientific circulation will contribute to a reliable reflection of the role of sectoral social policy designed to create decent working and living conditions for employees as the most important factor stimulating the conscientious performance of professional duties.

Determination of safety criteria when choosing the type of transport for transportation of cargo

The article analyzes the volumes of transported goods, freight traffic, during transportation by railway transport. The dynamics of transport accidents on railway transport were studied, the distribution of the number of transport accidents per 1 million tons of transported cargo and cargo turnover by various types of transport was determined. The concept of the criterion of transport accidents was introduced, and the correlation between the volume of transported goods and freight traffic and the number of accidents, incidents, and catastrophes was investigated. The components of the criterion of transport accidents and approaches to the calculation are substantiated.

Micromobility as a Feeder for Railway Passenger Transport

The railway passenger transport is in many cases a less available mode of transport for the inhabitants of cities or villages due to the location of railway stops or stations. Passengers have to travel a distance of the so-called first and last mile to reach them. For this reason, many travellers will prefer the simplest door-to-door travel solution via private car. One option to make railway transport more available is micromobility, which can replace private car journeys for its flexibility and also can act as a feeder for railway passenger transport. In addition, micromobility, with its near-emission-free operation, can reduce the carbon footprint of general transportation and daily commuting to the work or school.

ФАКТОРИ ЗАГОСТРЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ ДЛЯ РОЗРОБКИ КОНКУРЕНТНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПАСАЖИРСЬКОЇ СТАНЦІЇ

The article analyzes the factors of aggravation of the station's competition and the priority tasks that need to be solved in a particular situation, since their ignorance leads to the loss of positions in the transport services market. The role of passenger transportation management and its improvement for the future is determined. Recent studies on assessing competitiveness and developing a competitive strategy for an enterprise, namely a passenger station, are analyzed. It is noted that managerial decisions should be based on the use of marketing information, which will allow to maintain a leading position in the market of transport services. These include limitation of the range of consumers of transport services (due to an increase in transportation tariffs and prices for services), limited opportunities to sell their services, limited resources and complications associated with geographical boundaries. It is noted that a transportation service is not just transportation, but a comprehensive transportation service, i.e., a process of consistent and well-coordinated operations carried out taking into account individual customer requirements. It is determined that railway transport is the main artery in the road transport complex of Ukraine. The article considers measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of passenger services at railway stations and in trains, where the management of the passenger service complex has been transferred to the national system "Express-UZ", which provides end-to-end automation of all processes of integrated passenger service. It is highlighted that for the development of the railway industry there is a need to introduce effective organizational structures that ensure the further development of railway transport and meet the specific requirements of the transport market. It is determined that in order to increase the competitiveness of the station, innovative commercial strategies should be developed that would better meet the demand of passengers and the capabilities of the modern economy, as well as measures to further improve safety, reduce noise, reduce energy consumption, avoid pollution and eliminate all adverse factors that hinder the development of railway transport.

Повышение надежности электроснабжения постов электрической централизации Восточного полигона

Signalling control posts are one of the most responsible consumers of electricity on railway transport. In some sections of the Eastern operating domain power supply is organized from urban electric networks, where in recent years, due to increasing loads and certain deterioration of networks, there has been an increasing tendency for damage at signalling control posts. The article presents a model of the power supply system for the signalling control posts of the Eastern operating domain, developed in the Fazonord programming and computing suite. In the process of modeling, the optimal option for power supply from railway sources was selected, which provides a sufficient level of reliability and reduces operating costs.

Enhancement of local traffic management systems using information technology

In the article the analysis and researches on optimization of the process of transfer and assembly of local wagons at freight stations in railway transport are carried out. In particular, on the basis of the results of the work a structural scheme for effective organization of the wagon flow has been carried out to optimize the work on formatting of multi-group trains serving intermediate stations located on the railroad site at technical stations, to improve the technologies of transfer and withdrawal of wagons to intermediate stations. Chukursay sorting station under the jurisdiction of “Uzbekistan Railways” JSC and intermediate stations (mainly located on the southern line), where the formation of multi-group trains from the sorting station is planned, were selected as the object of research. Has been researched proportion of staying local wagon-flows over-standard at stations and railroad haul. According to it, the highest number of stays is in the proportion of technical stations (42% in relation to total stays) and intermediate stations (31% in relation to total stays). A target function has been developed to transfer local wagon flows to and from intermediate stations. In order to solve the problems, a program for determining the layout scheme of wagons in the composition of the train has been developed and proposals for its introduction into practice have been made.

Sustainable transport: Main trends in Russia-China cooperation

The article discusses the main issues of implementing sustainable transport concept in Eurasian region as trend in Russia – China cooperation, especially on railway transport. Digitalization of the transport industry, use of Industry 4.0 technology became main drivers of transport and infrastructure ecosystem development. But at the current stage it is a way to provide for sustainable transport policy realization. Russia – China cooperation in transport and logistics has its issues, especially in the field of legal regulation, it is tough to broaden technologies of Industry 4.0 implementation. Rules of technical exploitation on railway do not provide for safe use of such technology on current intellectual transport ecosystems. Sustainable transport conception needs creation of regional experiment- based type of legal rules, designed in the frames of such integrational unions as EAEU - China. At the current stage of IT services on transport regulation Chinese and European legislation can be used as a model. Without effective legislative framework for sustainable transport cooperation with China transport ecosystems competitiveness of Russian railroad industry could not be grown to provide for national technological sovereignty.

Development of a simulation model for controlling energy storage systems on electric trains

The article discusses the experience of using electrical energy storage devices on multiple unit rolling stock, both in Russia and abroad. It is noted that the use of energy storage systems in railway transport in Russia lags somewhat behind its foreign colleagues. The main assumptions taken when performing simulation modeling of the operation of energy storage systems on an electric train are presented. Simulations of the operation of energy storage systems were carried out using the MatLab software package. Simulation models of an electric train with an energy storage device, a model of a heater for heating an electric train car, a model of a hybrid energy storage system, a model of a supercapacitor unit, and batteries are presented. The algorithm of operation of the active topology of a hybrid drive is considered. The developed simulation models have been tested. Graphs of the voltage at the pantograph and the current consumed by the electric train were obtained, as well as graphs of the operation of the battery and supercapacitor in charge/discharge modes.

Formation of alternative routes for passenger trains in the event of non-standard situations

Railway passenger transportation has always had a significant place in the economic, material and technical development of Ukraine. The current conditions are no exception, when in connection with the beginning of a full-scale military invasion of our country, passenger transport assumed responsibility for the timely evacuation of people and their safe relocation to other regions of the country or abroad. Due to the fact that railway transport is of strategic importance for Ukraine, its infrastructure has increased risks of destruction. Each destruction of the railway infrastructure has serious consequences for the organization of the movement of passenger trains, in particular high-speed trains. Therefore, with the aim of reducing the possible costs of organizing the movement of high-speed passenger trains in the event of the destruction of the railway infrastructure and increasing the reliability of the functioning of the high-speed railway passenger transport system in Ukraine, an automated technology for providing an alternative route for the trains of the branch “Ukrainian Railway High-Speed Company” (UZShK) is proposed. The formation of this technology is considered on the example of the most popular passenger direction, namely - Kyiv-Lviv, the topology of which is represented by a weighted graph, where the vertices are railway stations, and the edges are railway sections with a weight in the form of a tuple (time to overcome each section, presence of electrification, bandwidth). The proposed technology also provides for the possibility of attracting additional “shuttle” trains or road transport, in cases where it is necessary to significantly reduce the travel time by an alternative route or the possibility of the arrival of railway transport to the station where it is necessary to board/disembark passengers is excluded. The formalization of this process was carried out by forming an optimization mathematical model according to the criterion of minimum operating costs. The formation of a set of alternative routes was carried out using the adjacency matrix of the graph representing the Kyiv-Lviv transportation direction. The developed technology is proposed to be integrated in the form of a software product for automated workplaces (AWP) of operative personnel in the form of a decision support system (DSP), the algorithm of which is also given in this publication.

Methodological approaches to the CO2 emissions estimation in rail transport

Today there is a growing interest in the problems of assessing the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment. Modern methods for estimating the volume of CO2 emissions from cargo transportation processes are inaccurate. The study aims to develop a methodology for calculating and estimating the volume of CO2 emissions generated by rail transport during the transportation of goods and its subsequent validation. Research methods – analysis of Russian and international regulatory documents, scientific and practical methodological approaches to determine the volume of CO2 emissions for rail transport. It is substantiated that the actual methodological approach should consider direct emissions, indirect emissions and specific parameters: carbon intensity and cargo intensity, mass of transported cargo. The result of study is a methodology for calculating the volume of CO2 emissions, considering the specifics of freight transportation on railway transport and accounting for direct and indirect CO2 emissions. An example of calculating the volume of CO2 emissions during the transportation of building materials by rail between St. Petersburg and Murmansk is given. The proposed methodology makes it possible to include the amount of estimated CO2 emissions in the service, which will facilitate the introduction of "green" certificates for customers.

Research on Ultrasonic Guided Wave Technology for the Rail Fatigue Cracks Based on PCA-adaboost.M2 Algorithm

Abstract As a key equipment in high-speed railway operation, rails inevitably produce various fatigue cracks during long-term service, which are major safety hazards in the railway transportation. In order to achieve intelligent detection of the rail fatigue cracks, the PCA-adaboost.M2 algorithm based on ultrasonic guided waves is proposed for the classification and identification of rail fatigue cracks. First, a rail fatigue crack detection system based on an ultrasonic guided wave was established to obtain ultrasonic guided wave signals at different depths of the rail fatigue cracks. Then, five time–frequency domain features of the ultrasonic guided wave (the maximum, the mean, the variance, the center of gravity frequency, and the frequency variance) were extracted, and the five main components of the ultrasonic guided wave were extracted by the principal component analysis (PCA) method and are used for classification and recognition of the adaboost and the adaboost.M2 algorithm, separately. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic guided wave based on the PCA-adaboost.M2 algorithm proposed has good performance in quantitative detection of the rail fatigue crack depth. The ultrasonic guided wave based on the PCA-adaboost.M2 algorithm proposed in this paper provides a method for detecting the rail fatigue crack depth.

Method for calculating the supply of transport and logistics services depending on the demand for freight transportation

The article examines the problems that arise in railway freight transportation when determining the optimal size of rolling stock fleet under seasonal fluctuations in the volume of transportation and ensuring a certain reserve of vehicles. In order to optimize the number of vehicles in the fleet, it is necessary to find a balance between undesirable expenses for maintaining wagons in periods of falling demand for them (surplus supply of transport and logistics services) and unearned income from their lack (deficit) in periods of maximum growth of transportation volumes. The methodology and example of calculating the fleet of freight wagons, the efficiency of their use and determining the optimal number of rolling stock and the need for a certain reserve of vehicles are presented. It is noted that the railway transport of Ukraine was and continues to be one of the main types of transport in the transportation of goods and passengers. However, considering the long operating time of the rolling stock, more than 70% of semi-wagons and more than 80% of grain wagons require replacement or extension of their service life due to capital repairs. The role of railways is especially critical in the current period of russia's war against Ukraine, due to the lack of air transport, river and sea transport and the insufficient capacity of highways and border railway stations. Determining the required number and optimizing the number of vehicles in the fleet can be carried out according to the calculation methodology, which is based on the analytical determination of the minimum of the objective function of the total operating costs associated with both the deficit and the surplus of vehicles compared to the demand for transport and logistics services. It has been established that the application of this calculation method allows to optimize the inventory and working fleet of wagons taking into account the different cost per day of shortage and surplus of the fleet of wagons (supply of transport services compared to their demand). Compared to traditional methods of calculation, the proposed method saves operational costs for maintaining the fleet of wagons in the amount of 2-5%.