Railway Section Research Articles

Research on optimization method of railway construction scheme based on multidimensional combination weighting and improved grey theory

The optimization of railway construction schemes is a complexity system engineering task with multiple dimensions, diverse conditional constraints, and multifaceted objective assessments. The decision-making and scheme evaluation entail subjectivity, randomness, and fuzziness. To address the comprehensive optimization challenge in construction schemes effectively and efficiently, we investigate an optimization method for railway construction schemes. This method is based on multi-dimensional combination weighting and improved grey theory. After analyzing the primary influencing factors, we established a railway construction plan optimization index system comprising 4 dimensions and 18 factors. The weight combination coefficient is determined using the pros and cons solution distance method, and the optimal weight set for the index is determined through the multi-dimensional combination weighting approach. Utilizing the method of superior and inferior solution distance coupled with grey theory, we ascertain the order of advantages and disadvantages for each construction scheme, subsequently achieving construction scheme optimization. To illustrate this, we employ the optimization process for a high-speed railway section in Guangxi as an exemplar. The verification results indicate that the gray relative closeness values for schemes A, B, and C are 0.7089, 0.4813, and 0.4463, respectively. Scheme A has the highest gray relative closeness value, thus making it the optimal route scheme. The optimal results obtained through this method align with the outcomes of expert validation and existing research, thereby validating the effectiveness and practicality of the model. By employing a multidimensional combination weighting method, the deficiencies of traditional indicator weight calculations are mitigated, resulting in indicator weights that are more reflective of the actual circumstances. At the same time, the application of improvements in the grey theory comprehensive evaluation method enables the integration and computation of indicator data for each construction plan. Through the intuitive representation of grey relative closeness, the advantages and disadvantages of each plan are effectively characterized. This enhances the scientific rigor and applicability of the railway construction plan optimization process. The research findings can serve as a reference for similar railway construction scheme selection problems in the future.

Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway, China

Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway, China

Taxonomic spectra of aboriginal and alien flora fractions in some sections of the Trans-siberian railway

Taxonomic spectra of aboriginal and alien flora fractions in some sections of the Trans-siberian railway

Landslide Mapping and Causes of Landslides in the China–Nepal Transportation Corridor Based on Remote Sensing Technology

The China–Nepal Transportation Corridor is vital to the country’s efforts to build a land trade route in South Asia and promote the Ring-Himalayan Economic Cooperation Belt. Due to the complex geological structure and topographical environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, coupled with the impact of climate change, the frequent occurrence of geological disasters has increased the operational difficulty of the China–Nepal Highway and the construction difficulty of the China–Nepal Railway. However, to date, there has been no systematic study of the spatial distribution of landslides along the entire route within the area, the factors influencing landslides at different scales, or the causes of landslides under different topographic backgrounds. There is an even greater lack of research on areas threatened by potential landslides. This study comprehensively applies remote sensing, mathematical statistics, and machine learning methods to map landslides along the China–Nepal transportation corridor, explore the influencing factors and causes of different types of landslides, and investigate the distribution characteristics of potential landslides. A total of 609 historic landslides have been interpreted in the study area and were found to be distributed along faults and locally concentrated. The strata from which landslides develop are relatively weak and are mainly distributed within 2 km of a fault with a slope between 20° and 30°. The direction of slope for the majority of landslides is south to south-west, and their elevation is between 4000 and 5000 m. In addition, we discovered a power law relationship between landslide area and volume (VL = 2.722 × AL1.134) and determined that there were 47 super-large landslides, 213 large landslides, and 349 small and medium-sized landslides in the area, respectively. Slope is the most significant influencing factor for the development of landslides in the area. Apart from slope, faults and strata significantly influence the development of large and medium-small landslides, respectively. We have identified 223 potential landslides in the region, 15 of which directly threaten major transport routes, mainly in the Renbu Gorge section of the China–Nepal Highway and the proposed China–Nepal Railway section from Peikucuo to Gyirong County. In addition, we also discussed the causes of landslides within three geomorphic units in the region. First, the combined effects of faulting, elevation, and relatively weak strata contribute to the development of super-large and large landslides in the Gyirong basin and gorge. Second, the relatively weak strata and the cumulative damaging effects of earthquakes promote the development of small and medium-sized landslides in the Xainza-Dinggye rift basin. Third, under the combined effect of the hanging wall effect of thrust faults and the relatively weak material composition, landslides of various types have developed in the Nagarzê mountain. It is worth noting that potential landslides have developed in all three geomorphic units mentioned above. This study provides data and theory to assist in the accurate mitigation and control of landslide hazards in the corridor.

Composite Foundation Settlement Prediction Based on LSTM–Transformer Model for CFG

Roadbed construction typically employs layered and staged filling, characterized by a periodic feature of ‘layered filling—filling interval’. The load and settlement histories established during staged construction offer crucial insights into long-term deformation under filling loads. However, models often rely solely on post-construction settlement data, neglecting the rich filling data. To accurately predict composite foundation ground (CFG) settlement, an LSTM–Transformer deep learning model is used. Five factors from the ‘fill height–time–foundation settlement’ curve are extracted as input variables. The first-layer LSTM model’s gate units capture long-term dependencies, while the second-layer Transformer model’s self-attention mechanism focuses on key features, efficiently and accurately predicting ground settlement. The model is trained and analyzed based on the newly constructed Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway section CSLLXZQ-1, which has a CFG pile composite foundation. The research shows that the proposed LSTM–Transformer model for the settlement prediction of composite foundations has an average absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error of 0.224, 0.563%, and 0.274, respectively. Compared to SVM, LSTM, and Transformer neural network models, it demonstrates higher prediction accuracy, indicating better reliability and practicality. This can provide a new approach and method for the settlement prediction of newly constructed CFG composite foundations.

Study on the Susceptibility of Drifting Snow in Ya’an–Qamdo Section of the Railway in Southwest China

To investigate the susceptibility of drifting snow along the Ya’an–Qamdo section of the railway, which is located in a high-altitude and cold plateau in Southwest China with scarce meteorological information, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) is used in this paper to simulate the spatio-temporal distribution of meteorological data. According to the varying terrain, the railway section from Ya’an to Qamdo is divided into two regions along 100.8° E for double-layer nested simulation. The original land use data of the WRF model are used in region 1. Due to the increased number of mountains in region 2, the original data are replaced by the MCD12Q1v006 land use data, and the vertical direction layers are densified near the ground to increase simulation accuracy. The simulated results are compared with the observation data. It is found that after densification, the results have been significantly improved. The results obtained by the WRF model can accurately simulate the change trends of temperature, rainfall, and wind speed, and the correlation coefficients are relatively high, which verifies the accuracy of WRF for simulating complex terrain regions. The simulation results further indicate that approximately 300 km of the Ya’an–Qamdo railway may experience drifting snow. Among them, no drifting snow events occur in Ya’an County, and the areas with higher probability are located at the border between Luding County and Tianquan County, followed by Kangding area. The remaining areas have a probability of less than 10%. The WRF model demonstrates its capability in the drifting snow protection of railways with limited meteorological data.

ОЦЕНКА ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ КОЛЕБАНИЙ НА БАЙКАЛО-ОЛЁКМИНСКОМ УЧАСТКЕ БАЙКАЛО-АМУРСКОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОЙ МАГИСТРАЛИ

In this study, we calculated seismic intensity for the Baikal-Olekma section of the Baikal-Amur railway based on the data on seismicity at the northeastern flank of the Baikal rift zone in 1985–2021. During the analysis of earthquakes with intensity at the epicenter higher than 4 (1 484 events), we selected from the total number of the recorded seismic events (more than 150 thousands of earthquakes with M ≥ 1.0) 270 earthquakes with MS = 2.1–6.6 whose calculated intensity exceeded 4 directly on the railway track. The highest intensity values (8–9) were obtained for the large earthquakes close to the Baikal-Olekma section of the Baikal-Amur railway (∆ < 10 km, MS = 6.1–6.2). Along the considered section of the railway, a recurrence interval of such seismic events is 20 to 60 years. The data obtained through calculations are in good agreement with the available macroseismic data which confirms the correctness of the results. At the same time, macroseismic effects from strong (МS ≥ 6.6) but remote earthquakes (∆ = 360–1000 km) were found to have no significant impact on the Baikal-Olekma section of the Baikal-Amur railway. The calculated values of intensity and recurrence intervals of earthquakes must be taken into account when designing, constructing and operating industrial and civil facilities within the study area.

To evaluation of the efficiency of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on the high-speed section of the railway

The results of the calculation of the kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train by a graphical method on a virtual hilly section of a high-speed railway when moving without stops and with stops at an intermediate and final station are presented. The values of energy efficiency indicators of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives were obtained in quantitative and monetary terms when driving a freight train of a unified mass of train. The research results are presented in the form of tabular data and will be implemented by specialists of the locomotive complex in substantiating the efficiency of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives in real operating conditions.

Towards the efficiency transportation work of locomotives diesel traction in real operating conditions

A methodology for substantiating the optimal parameters settings of diesel generators of diesel locomotives according to the criterion of the maximum weighted average efficiency of a diesel locomotive depending on their operating conditions is presented, as well as a methodology and numerical algorithm for assessing the optimal diesel power and efficiency of diesel locomotives with electric transmission and their traction electrical machines. When choosing the optimal mode for controlling the movement of a freight train, the author recommends using the principle of parametric (additive) optimization of the transportation work of locomotives and the value of the highest efficiency of the power circuit, depending on the accepted range of changes in the speed movement of the train on the calculated section of the railway. The research results were obtained in the form of tabular data (regime card) and corresponding analytical expressions - equations for determining the parameters under study. It is recommended to test the obtained research results in real operating conditions, and continue these studies for other types of diesel locomotives and sections of the Uzbek railways of varying degrees of difficulty.

РАЗВИТИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ОЦЕНКИ РЕЗЕРВОВ ПРОПУСКНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ НА БАЗЕ СОЗДАНИЯ ЦИФРОВОГО ДВОЙНИКА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОЙ НЕЙРОННОЙ СЕТИ

The article proposes the development of artificial intelligence technologies and the development of specialized research tools for ways to enhance the capacity of the direction based on the creation of a digital twin of a real railway section of the North Caucasus Railway with heavy freight and passenger traffic in the direction of the ports of the Azov-Black Sea basin and resorts in Southern Russia. The task of intelligent (neural network) control of the transportation process is actualized, the problems of modeling complex objects are disclosed and the subtasks of conducting an experiment on the choice of control actions for operational capacity increase on a railway section are formed.

Development factor model of train movement graph indicators

The main purpose of the work is to develop a factor model of the indicators of the graph of the trains movement. The least squares method and factor models of systematic analysis, analytic, regression modeling were used. The “free period”, which are given for repair work on railway plots, were studied the levels of influence on the movement of trains at the station and passages. The parameters of the TMG indicators were analyzed analytically and the factors that negatively affect their performance were determined. On the basis of the identified influencing factors, an infological scheme of TMG indicators was created. A factor model has been developed based on factors that negatively affect TMG performance. This factor model ensures the standards and reliability of TMG indicators for determining the transferring capability of railway sections and the carrying capacity of rail transport. Key words: Train traffic graph, factor model, regression modeling, train, station, passage, railway section, transfer capability.

Formation of alternative routes for passenger trains in the event of non-standard situations

Railway passenger transportation has always had a significant place in the economic, material and technical development of Ukraine. The current conditions are no exception, when in connection with the beginning of a full-scale military invasion of our country, passenger transport assumed responsibility for the timely evacuation of people and their safe relocation to other regions of the country or abroad. Due to the fact that railway transport is of strategic importance for Ukraine, its infrastructure has increased risks of destruction. Each destruction of the railway infrastructure has serious consequences for the organization of the movement of passenger trains, in particular high-speed trains. Therefore, with the aim of reducing the possible costs of organizing the movement of high-speed passenger trains in the event of the destruction of the railway infrastructure and increasing the reliability of the functioning of the high-speed railway passenger transport system in Ukraine, an automated technology for providing an alternative route for the trains of the branch “Ukrainian Railway High-Speed Company” (UZShK) is proposed. The formation of this technology is considered on the example of the most popular passenger direction, namely - Kyiv-Lviv, the topology of which is represented by a weighted graph, where the vertices are railway stations, and the edges are railway sections with a weight in the form of a tuple (time to overcome each section, presence of electrification, bandwidth). The proposed technology also provides for the possibility of attracting additional “shuttle” trains or road transport, in cases where it is necessary to significantly reduce the travel time by an alternative route or the possibility of the arrival of railway transport to the station where it is necessary to board/disembark passengers is excluded. The formalization of this process was carried out by forming an optimization mathematical model according to the criterion of minimum operating costs. The formation of a set of alternative routes was carried out using the adjacency matrix of the graph representing the Kyiv-Lviv transportation direction. The developed technology is proposed to be integrated in the form of a software product for automated workplaces (AWP) of operative personnel in the form of a decision support system (DSP), the algorithm of which is also given in this publication.

Assessment of the effect of train traction by locomotives of different types on the quality indicators of the train schedule

The precinct and technical speed of freight trains is one of the main parameters of railway transport characterizing qualitative indicators. The higher the local and technical speed, the better the quality indicators of railway transport, the higher the speed of cargo delivery to the addresses. These speeds directly depend on the distance between stations and the time of their passage. The types of electric locomotives are one of the main factors determining the travel time and energy consumption of trains moving along the site. The differentiated accounting of inter-station runs in the train schedule is based on traction calculations. This article analyzes the regulatory timetable of the trains of the “Tukimachi – Akhangaran” section of Uzbekistan Railways JSC and develops a methodology for determining the travel time of trains moving on the section for the 3VL80r electric locomotive based on traction calculations. Based on the developed methodology, the influence of the time of inter-station runs under traction conditions by locomotives of various brands on the site and technical speed of trains on the railway section was estimated.

To analyze the efficiency of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on a hilly section of the railway

A numerical method for solving the differential equation of train motion and an algorithm for graphic-analytical calculation of its trajectory movement for railway sections of different complexity, which were implemented on a virtual hilly section of the railway track, are proposed. The numerical values of the speed and travel times of a freight train along the route of the rolling stock are substantiated, taking into account the time for acceleration and deceleration when stopping at the intermediate and final stations of the railway section under study, which were obtained in the form of tabular data. The parameters of the fuel and energy indicators of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 series diesel locomotives in quantitative and monetary terms were obtained when they drove freight trains with a maximum train weight. The research results are recommended and will be useful to specialists of the locomotive complex of railways with a hilly type of track profile.

WITHDRAWN: Inventory and distribution patterns of debris flow gullies in the Lhasa-Linzhi section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway

WITHDRAWN: Inventory and distribution patterns of debris flow gullies in the Lhasa-Linzhi section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway

Управление электротяговыми нагрузками на основе взаимодействия с системой электроснабжения железных дорог

Currently, the principles of electric rolling stock management do not involve consideration of the instantaneous load of traction substations and the operating mode parameters of other electric traction loads in the inter-substation zone of an electrified section of railways. The inter-train travel intervals on the section are set based on the preliminary software-based calculation of the traction power supply system for trains with a given range of train weight. The article provides the reasonable approach to managing electric traction loads based on their interaction both with each other and the railway power supply system in real time with instantaneous limitations of the energy infrastructure. The results of experimental synchronized measurements with two trains in the substation area of an electrified AC section are presented. Using a mathematical model of the pilot site and measurement data, the coefficients of the influence of electric traction loads on the voltage in arbitrary nodes and on the loading of the feeders of the contact network are calculated.

Выбор и проверка метода схематизации случайного процесса нагружения пружин буксового подвешивания

The product life cycle contract also contains its cost for the preparation of the product, delivery to the supplier, subsequent maintenance, operation and repair of the product up to disposal. The article considers the development of a methodology for calculating the life cycle of axle box suspension springs (and later frames) of the Lastochka electric train trolley. The method of analysis is based on the assessment of the spring strength and the results of strength tests obtained during sea trials. These tests have been carried out on separate operating sections of railways, based on the results of data from the removed blocks of oscillograms recording forces from models of electric train bogies of virtual sea trials. Virtual sea trials have been conducted on certain created sections of the track, taking into account the horizontal and vertical irregularities of the track for different track conditions. The paper analyzes the tutorials on the methods for schematization of test results in the form of oscillograms recording the forces of random processes; the method of falling rain is used. The implementation in the software product of the methodology for analyzing the stress-strain state of box suspension springs and the results of sea trials, which have been proceed by the falling rain method, allows us to determine the actual service life of box suspension springs.

Intelligent and adaptive asset management model for railway sections using the iPN method

Intelligent and adaptive asset management model for railway sections using the iPN method

Microelectronic device for control of rail line integrity in Uzbekistan

The paper presents the results of theoretical research on the organization of the construction of a device for monitoring the condition of rail lines on railway sections equipped with rail chains without insulated joints. The analysis of the possible reasons for the lack of rail line integrity and its possible consequences is carried out. The functional scheme of the device with the use of a microcontroller is proposed, the software of which carries out a continuous analysis of the ratio of the values of two induced electromotive forces, the results of calculations are formalized in the form of a data package and transmitted to the station. The model based on graph theory is developed and studied, the algorithm of the device operation is given.

Assessment of the compliance of the design characteristics of protective forest belts with the snowfall volumes on the Sverdlovsk Railway sections

Assessment of the compliance of the design characteristics of protective forest belts with the snowfall volumes on the Sverdlovsk Railway sections