Radius R0 Research Articles

Revisiting Thomson's model with multiply charged superfluid helium nanodroplets.

We study superfluid helium droplets multiply charged with Na+ or Ca+ ions. When stable, the charges are found to reside in equilibrium close to the droplet surface, thus representing a physical realization of Thomson's model. We find the minimum radius of the helium droplet that can host a given number of ions using a model whose physical ingredients are the solvation energy of the cations, calculated within the helium density functional theory approach, and their mutual Coulomb repulsion energy. Our model goes beyond the often used liquid drop model, where charges are smeared out either within the droplet or on its surface, and which neglects the solid-like helium shell around the ions. We find that below a threshold droplet radius R0, the total energy of the system becomes higher than that of the separated system of the pristine helium droplet and the charges embedded in their solvation microcluster ("snowball"). However, the ions are still kept within the droplet by the presence of energy barriers, which hinder Coulomb explosion. A further reduction of the droplet radius below a value Rexpl eventually results in the disappearance of such barrier, leading to Coulomb explosion. Surprisingly, our results are rather insensitive to the ion atomic species. This makes room to discuss them in the context of intrinsic multicharged helium droplets, where the charges are triatomic He3+ ions. Our calculated values for Rexpl display the correct scaling with the number of cations compared to the available experimental results, at variance with other estimates for the critical radii.

Electroweak Parameters from Mixed SU(2) Yang–Mills Thermodynamics

Based on the thermal phase structure of pure SU(2) quantum Yang–Mills theory, we describe the electron at rest as an extended particle, a droplet of radius r0∼a0, where a0 is the Bohr radius. This droplet is of vanishing pressure and traps a monopole within its bulk at a temperature of Tc=7.95 keV. The monopole is in the Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) limit. It is interpreted in an electric–magnetically dual way. Utilizing a spherical mirror-charge construction, we approximate the droplet’s charge at a value of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant α of α−1∼134 for soft external probes. It is shown that the droplet does not exhibit an electric dipole or quadrupole moment due to averages of its far-field electric potential over monopole positions. We also calculate the mixing angle θW∼30°, which belongs to deconfining phases of two SU(2) gauge theories of very distinct Yang–Mills scales (Λe=3.6 keV and ΛCMB∼10−4 eV). Here, the condition that the droplet’s bulk thermodynamics is stable determines the value of θW. The core radius of the monopole, whose inverse equals the droplet’s mass in natural units, is about 1% of r0.

Design and predict the potential of imidazole-based organic dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells using fingerprint machine learning and supported by a web application

This scientific paper presents a novel approach to explore and predict the potential of imidazole-based organic dyes for use in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) using a machine learning web application. The design of efficient and cost-effective organic dyes is critical to enhance the performance of DSSCs. Traditional experimental methods are time-consuming and resource-intensive, making it challenging to screen a large number of potential dyes. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based approach to accelerate the discovery process by predicting the photovoltaic performance of imidazole-based organic dyes. Machin learning predictions provide valuable insights into the expected PCE% and behaviors of the molecules toward DSSCs. Based on the RDKit library, several fingerprints such as Molecular ACCess System, Avalon, Daylight, Pharmacophore and Morgan with different radius (r2, r3, r4), were studied. In addition, more than 20 ML algorithms using different cross validation (3, 5, 7, 10) were also evaluated. Among of these, Deep Neural Network models of MLPRegressor algorithm based on the daylight fingerprint shows a significant coefficient of determination combined with the lowest errors. Utilize the trained ML models to screen of 50 million SMILE structure for identify promising imidazole and nitrogen-containing derivative as a doner group. By replacing the donor groups in the well-known MK2 dye structure with the top imidazole derivatives proposed by machine learning, significant improvements in PCE were observed, increasing from 7.70% to as high as 11.49%, representing nearly a 50% enhancement over the control. DFT calculations confirm the ML predictions and clarify the significantly higher oscillator strength and charge transfer properties of MK2-DM1, compared to MK2. This result provides a promising pathway for developing new dye materials that can push the efficiency limits of DSSCs, leading to more efficient solar energy conversion technologies in the future. In addition, a developed web application offers a user-friendly interface for researchers to input their molecular structures and obtain PCE% predictions toward DSSCs. This information can guide researchers in designing a new imidazole dye with high photovoltaic performance to validate and refine the predictions without time consuming.

Design and Optimization of Microfluidic Vortex Diode

The performed research presents modeling results for designing microfluidic vortex diodes. These devices rectify fluid flow and can be used in many applications on micro and macro scales. The modeling, utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the turbulence model RANS k-ε in COMSOL Multiphysics, has led to optimizing diodicity—the reversed-to-forward flow pressure drop ratio. The goal was to find the best flow-rectifying geometry within the 2D vortex-type design by changing the wall geometry, diode shape, and inflow velocities, identifying significant parameters and dependencies. Improving diodicity can be achieved by increasing the radius r1 of the central channel, increasing the entire diode radius r2, decreasing the width w of the rectangular channel, and reducing its length L. Additionally, changing the circular shape of the diode to an elliptical one can improve diodicity. The significance of this research is evident in the potential applications of these devices in microfluidic setups where fixed-geometry unidirectional flow is required, e.g., mixing, filtration, cell separation, and drug delivery, or on industrial scales, e.g., energy harvesting, wastewater treatment, and water sterilization.

Modelling collective invasion with reaction–diffusion equations: When does domain curvature matter?

Real-world cellular invasion processes often take place in curved geometries. Such problems are frequently simplified in models to neglect the curved geometry in favour of computational simplicity, yet doing so risks inaccuracies in any model-based predictions. To quantify the conditions under which neglecting a curved geometry is justifiable, we explore the dynamics of a system of reaction–diffusion equations (RDEs) on a two-dimensional annular geometry analytically. Defining ϵ as the ratio of the annulus thickness δ and radius r0 we derive, through an asymptotic expansion, the conditions under which it is appropriate to ignore the domain curvature for a general system of reaction–diffusion equations. To highlight the consequences of these results, we simulate solutions to the Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov (Fisher–KPP) model, a paradigm nonlinear RDE typically used to model spatial invasion, on an annular geometry. Thus, we quantify the size of the deviation from an analogous simulation on the rectangle, and how this deviation changes across the width of the annulus. We further characterise the nature of the solutions through numerical simulations for different values of r0 and δ. Our results provide insight into when it is appropriate to neglect the domain curvature in studying travelling wave behaviour in RDEs.

Optimization design of hydrogen Laval nozzle based on response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract To conduct an in-depth study of the injection characteristics of gas fuels, the structural parameters of the nozzle are optimized. Utilizing the Response Surface Method (RSM), this study selects an inlet radius R1 , outlet radius R2 , throat straight radius R0 , expansion half angle θ, and contraction half angle α as design parameters. Based on the validated numerical model, a response surface prediction model for outlet velocity v and mass flow rate Q is established. Using the derived expressions, the contribution and interactive effects of design variables on response variables are analyzed. The findings indicate that the outlet radius and throat radius significantly affect the outlet velocity. The outlet radius positively correlates with the outlet velocity, while the throat radius negatively correlates with it. The mass flow rate is most significantly influenced by the throat radius, increasing with its increase. With outlet velocity and mass flow rate as optimization objectives, the MOGA algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization. The optimization results indicate that the optimized structural parameters increased the centrifugal nozzle’s atomization cone angle and mass flow rate by 1.86% and 27.4%, respectively.

Shannon entropy of a particle on a conical surface

In this work we solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation of a particle restricted to move on the surface of a circular cone of finite height. The energy eigenvalues, as well as the corresponding wave functions, are obtained analytically as a function of, r and ϕ, the radial distance to the apex, 0≤r≤r0, and the angular variable around the axis of the cone. We compute the Shannon entropy of this system in both configuration and momentum space as a function of r0 and θ0, the angular semi-aperture of the cone. In configuration space, the Shannon entropy decreases, signalling a more pronounced localization, as either r0 or θ0 diminish; in momentum space, an opposite behaviour happens, i.e., the Shannon entropy increases when either, r0 or θ0, decrease. We also compute the radial standard deviation; we find that the Shannon entropy better describes the localization-delocalization phenomena. The present results agree with those previously published for a particle confined to a circle of radius r0, which corresponds to θ0=π/2 in the present case.

Investigation of a W UMa-type contact binary GZ And in a physical triple system

GZ And is a variable star within the visually observed multiple-star system ADS 1693. Recent observations have yielded new light curves for GZ And, obtained using the Xinglong 85-cm telescope and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) satellite. These light curves, along with radial velocity curves, were analyzed simultaneously to ascertain the fundamental physical parameters of GZ And’s components. The findings indicate that the primary star has a mass of M1 = 0.57 (4)M⊙, radius of R1 = 0.75 (2)R⊙, and luminosity of L1 = 0.42 (2)L⊙. The secondary star is characterized by a mass of M2 = 1.19 (9)M⊙, radius of R2 = 1.04 (3)R⊙, and luminosity of L2 = 0.63 (3)L⊙. Their orbital separation is determined to be a = 2.30 (6)R⊙. An analysis of the accumulated times of light minima reveals that GZ And is undergoing orbital period variations at a rate of dP/dt = −7.58 (7) × 10−8day ⋅ year−1, likely due to mass transfer from the more massive component to its lighter counterpart at a rate of dM2/dt = −9.06 (8) × 10−8M⊙⋅ year−1. Additionally, distance measurements for the component stars in ADS 1693, derived from Gaia DR3 astrometric data, suggest that ADS 1693A (GZ And) and ADS 1693B are gravitationally bound and likely originated from the same molecular cloud, sharing similar ages. This evidence supports the classification of GZ And as a W UMa-type contact binary within a physically associated triple system.

Exploring wormhole solutions with global monopole charge in the context of f(Q) gravity

This study explores the potential existence of traversable wormholes influenced by a global monopole charge within the f(Q) gravity framework. To elucidate the characteristics of these wormholes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of wormhole solutions employing three different forms of redshift function under a linear f(Q) model. Wormhole shape functions were derived for barotropic, anisotropic, and isotropic Equations of State (EoS) cases. However, in the isotropic EoS case, the calculated shape function failed to satisfy the asymptotic flatness condition. Additionally, we observed that our obtained shape functions adhered to the flaring-out conditions under an asymptotic background for the remaining EoS cases. Furthermore, we examined the energy conditions at the wormhole throat with a radius r0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$r_0$$\\end{document}. We noted the influences of the global monopole’s parameter η\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\eta $$\\end{document}, the EoS parameter ω\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega $$\\end{document}, and n in violating energy conditions, particularly the null energy conditions. Finally, we conducted a stability analysis utilizing the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation and found that our obtained wormhole solution is stable.

ENN's roadmap for proton-boron fusion based on spherical torus

ENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (ENN) is committed to generating fusion energy in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner, which requires abundant aneutronic fuel. Proton-boron (p-11B or p-B) fusion is considered an ideal choice for this purpose. Recent studies have suggested that p-B fusion, although challenging, is feasible based on new cross section data, provided that a hot ion mode and high wall reflection can be achieved to reduce electron radiation loss. The high beta and good confinement of the spherical torus (ST) make it an ideal candidate for p-B fusion. By utilizing the new spherical torus energy confinement scaling law, a reactor with a major radius R0=4 m, central magnetic field B0=6 T, central temperature Ti0=150 keV, plasma current Ip=30 MA, and hot ion mode Ti/Te=4 can yield p-B fusion with Q>10. A roadmap for p-B fusion has been developed, with the next-generation device named EHL-2. EHL stands for ENN He-Long, which literally means “peaceful Chinese Loong.” The main target parameters include R0≃1.05 m, A≃1.85, B0≃3 T, Ti0≃30 keV, Ip≃3 MA, and Ti/Te≥2. The existing ST device EXL-50 was simultaneously upgraded to provide experimental support for the new roadmap, involving the installation and upgrading of the central solenoid, vacuum chamber, and magnetic systems. The construction of the upgraded ST fusion device, EXL-50U, was completed at the end of 2023, and it achieved its first plasma in January 2024. The construction of EHL-2 is estimated to be completed by 2026.

A two-dimensional harmonic oscillator confined in a circle in the presence of a constant electric field: an informational approach

In this work, we study an electron subjected to a harmonic oscillator potential confined in a circle of radius r0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$r_0$$\\end{document} and in the presence of a constant electric field. We obtain energies and eigenfunctions for three different confinement radii as a function of the electric field strength. We have used the linear variational method by constructing the trial function as a linear combination of two-dimensional confined harmonic oscillator wave functions. We calculate the radial standard deviation as a measure of the dispersion of the probability density. We also computed the Shannon entropy and Fisher information, in configuration and momentum spaces, as localization-delocalization measures for three different confinement radii and as a function of the electric field strength. We find that Shannon entropy and Fisher information are more reliable than variance in determining electron location. The behaviour of Shannon entropy and Fisher information curves is shown to depend on each specific state under study.Graphical abstract

Cross-centroid ripple pattern for facial expression recognition

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new feature descriptor Cross-Centroid Ripple Pattern (CRIP) for facial expression recognition. CRIP encodes the transitional pattern of a facial expression by incorporating a cross-centroid relationship between two ripples located at radius r1 and r2 respectively. These ripples are generated by dividing the local neighborhood region into subregions. Thus, CRIP has the ability to preserve macro and microstructural variations in an extensive region, which enables it to deal with side views and spontaneous expressions. Furthermore, gradient information between cross centroid ripples provides strength to capture prominent edge features in active patches: eyes, nose, and mouth, that define the disparities between different facial expressions. Cross-centroid information also provides robustness to irregular illumination. Moreover, CRIP utilizes the averaging behavior of pixels at subregions that yields robustness to deal with noisy conditions. The performance of the proposed descriptor is evaluated on seven comprehensive expression datasets consisting of challenging conditions such as age, pose, ethnicity, and illumination variations. The experimental results show that our descriptor consistently achieved a better accuracy rate as compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches.

Influence of coupled water and thermal treatments on the fracture characteristics of a typical sandstone

Understanding the fracture behavior of rock after coupled water and thermal environment is important for many geotechnical projects. This study examines the influence of coupled water and thermal treatments on the fracture toughness and characteristics of a typical sandstone under mode I and mode II loading conditions. Notched deep beam (NDB) specimens were utilized and subjected to soaking treatments at various water temperatures (23 °C, 60 °C, and 99 °C). The experimental results indicate a significant reduction in both mode I and mode II fracture toughness values, with reductions ranging from 15.4% to 13.2% for mode I and 26.1% to 8.9% for mode II respectively. As the water temperatures increase, a slightly rising trend is observed in both mode I and mode II fracture toughness within the examined temperature range. Sandstone specimens displayed typical brittle fracture characteristics at lower soaking temperatures. For mode I specimens, an increase in ductility was evident with higher soaking temperatures, while the ductile behavior is less pronounced in the mode II specimens. Based on the Maximum Tangential Stress (MTS) criterion and the Generalized Maximum Tangential Stress (GMTS) criterion, the predicted values of mode II fracture toughness and the fracture process zone (FPZ) were discussed. The results show that both the GMTS and MTS criteria exhibit inaccuracies in predicting the mode II fracture toughness of sandstone treated at different soaking water temperatures. However, the GMTS criterion, which incorporates T-stress, demonstrates smaller errors compared to the MTS criterion. The study shows that the radius r0 of the fracture process zone is not a constant under both mode I and mode II loading conditions. The calculation of the fracture process zone radius r0 in the GMTS criterion requires further theoretical and experimental study.

Conformal theory of central surface density for galactic dark halos

Numerous dark matter studies of galactic halo gravitation depend on models with core radius r0 and central density ρ0. Central surface density product ρ0r0 is found to be nearly a universal constant for a large range of galaxies. Standard variational field theory with Weyl conformal symmetry postulated for gravitation and the Higgs scalar field, without dark matter, implies nonclassical centripetal acceleration ∆a, for a = aN +∆a, where Newtonian acceleration aN is due to observable baryonic matter. Neglecting a halo cutoff at very large galactic radius, conformal ∆a is constant over the entire halo and a = aN + ∆a is a universal function, consistent with a recent study of galaxies, with independently measured mass, that constrains acceleration due to dark matter or to alternative theory. An equivalent dark matter source would be a pure cusp distribution with cutoff parameter determined by a halo boundary radius. This is shown to imply universal central surface density for any dark matter core model.

The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey

Clusters of galaxies can be used as powerful probes to study astrophysical processes on large scales, test theories of the growth of structure, and constrain cosmological models. The driving science goal of the SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey is to assemble a large sample of X-ray clusters with a well-defined selection function to determine the evolution of the mass function and, hence, the cosmological parameters. We present here a catalog of 12 247 optically confirmed galaxy groups and clusters detected in the 0.2–2.3 keV as extended X-ray sources in a 13 116 deg2 region in the western Galactic half of the sky, which eROSITA surveyed in its first six months of operation. The clusters in the sample span the redshift range 0.003 < z < 1.32. The majority (68%) of these clusters, 8361 sources, represent new discoveries without known counterparts in the literature. The mass range of the sample covers three orders of magnitude from 5 × 1012 Msun to 2 × 1015Msun. We construct a sample for cosmology with a higher purity level (~95%) than the primary sample, comprising 5259 securely detected and confirmed clusters in the 12791 deg2 common footprint of eRASS1 and the DESI Legacy Survey DR10. We characterize the X-ray properties of each cluster, including their flux, luminosity and temperature, the total mass, gas mass, gas mass fraction, and mass proxy YX. These are determined within two apertures, 300 kpc, and the overdensity radius R500, and are calculated by applying a forward modeling approach with a rigorous X-ray background treatment, K-factor, and the Galactic absorption corrections. Population studies utilizing log N-log S, the number of clusters detected above a given flux limit, and the luminosity function show overall agreement with the previous X-ray surveys after accounting for the survey completeness and purity through the selection function. The first eROSITA All-Sky Survey provides an unprecedented sample of galaxy groups and clusters selected in the X-ray band. The eRASS1 cluster catalog demonstrates the excellent performance of eROSITA for extended source detection, consistent with the pre-launch expectations for the final all-sky survey, eRASS:8.

The EBLM Project XII. An eccentric, long-period eclipsing binary with a companion near the hydrogen-burning limit

ABSTRACT In the hunt for Earth-like exoplanets, it is crucial to have reliable host star parameters, as they have a direct impact on the accuracy and precision of the inferred parameters for any discovered exoplanet. For stars with masses between 0.35 and 0.5 M⊙, an unexplained radius inflation is observed relative to typical stellar models. However, for fully convective objects with a mass below 0.35 M⊙, it is not known whether this radius inflation is present, as there are fewer objects with accurate measurements in this regime. Low-mass eclipsing binaries present a unique opportunity to determine empirical masses and radii for these low-mass stars. Here, we report on such a star, EBLM J2114−39 B. We have used HARPS and FEROS radial velocities and TESS photometry to perform a joint fit of the data and produce one of the most precise estimates of a very low mass star’s parameters. Using a precise and accurate radius for the primary star using Gaia DR3 data, we determine J2114−39 to be a M1 = 0.998 ± 0.052 M⊙ primary star hosting a fully convective secondary with mass $M_2~=~0.0993~\pm 0.0033~\, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$, which lies in a poorly populated region of parameter space. With a radius $R_2 =~0.1250~\pm 0.0016~\, \mathrm{R_{\odot }}$, similar to TRAPPIST-1, we see no significant evidence of radius inflation in this system when compared to stellar evolution models. We speculate that stellar models in the regime where radius inflation is observed might be affected by how convective overshooting is treated.

Realization of double uniform line self-focusing of elliptical Airyprime beams

Double line self-focusing characteristics of elliptical Airyprime beams (EAPBs) with different elliptical vertical-axis factor β are investigated by varying the main ring radius r0. Overly large or small r0 results in the inhomogeneous distribution of light intensity at one linear focus of the double line self-focusing. Only when r0 is appropriate and β is within a certain range, can double uniform line self-focusing happen to the EAPB. Moreover, the self-focusing ability of the second line self-focusing is weaken than that of the first line self-focusing. Under the premise of our selected values of beam parameters, the EAPB can achieve double uniform line self-focusing when r0 = 0.3 mm and β = 0.58∼0.71. The focal length of the first line self-focusing, the lengths of double linear focus, and the self-focusing abilities of the double uniform line self-focusing can be regulated by varying β within the range of 0.58∼0.71. If β is smaller than 0.58 or larger than 0.71, it will lead to nonuniform line self-focusing. An explanation of the physical mechanism behind the double uniform line self-focusing of the EAPB is proposed. Finally, the experimental measurements of the line self-focusing of the EAPB confirm the validity of the above conclusions. This research provides a new solution on how to generate double uniform line self-focusing and new insights into the practical application of elliptical self-focusing beams.

Single-Nucleobase-Resolved Nanoruler Determines the Surface Energy Transfer Radius on the Living Cell Membrane.

Investigations about surface energy transfer radius (r0) are limited to the aqueous solution system, and it is quite limited on experimental values of r0 between dyes and the corresponding gold particle (AuNP) sizes, especially for living cell systems. Hence, the selection of suitable AuNP-dye pairs is restricted when designing nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) strategies in analytical sciences. Here, we developed a single-nucleobase-resolved NSET strategy to in situ measure the r0 value between a specific dye and different-sized AuNPs on the living cell membrane. Using the aptamer-dye complex (XQ-2d-nTA-FAM) and antiCD71 antibody-coupled AuNP conjugate (Au@antiCD71) as two working elements to bind two different sites on CD71 receptors on living cell membranes, we modified the nTA spacer between FAM and the terminal of aptamer to change the distance (r) from FAM to AuNP center and further adjusted the quenching efficiency (Φ) between them. Different r0 values of various AuNP-FAM pairs in living cells are determined by this in situ detection strategy. Based on this single-nucleobase-resolved NSET strategy, we established a simple and efficient universal method for measuring r0 in the living cell system, which greatly expanded the selection range of AuNP-dye pairs during the construction of the NSET model at the nanoscale.

Casimir wormhole solutions in [formula omitted] gravity

In this paper, we study the Casimir effect on the wormhole geometry in f(R,Lm) gravity. We derive the field equations for the generic f(R,Lm) function by assuming static and spherically symmetric Morris–Thorne wormhole metric. Then we consider two non-linear f(R,Lm) models, specifically, f(R,Lm)=R2+Lmβ and f(R,Lm)=R2+(1+αLm)Lm where α and β are free parameters. We derive the shape functions for wormholes by utilizing the Casimir effect and examining their existence. Subsequently, we analyse the obtained wormhole solutions for each scenario, assessing the energy conditions at the wormhole throat with a radius of r0. Our findings reveal that for some arbitrary quantities, there is a violation of classical energy conditions at the wormhole throat. Additionally, we delve into the behaviour of the equation of state (EoS) for each case. Furthermore, we explore the stability of the Casimir effect wormhole solutions by employing the generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation. Finally, we utilize the volume integral quantifier to determine the amount of exotic matter required near the wormhole throat for both models.

Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip May Explain the Non‐Self‐Similar Source Scaling of the Induced Earthquake Sequence Near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport, Texas

AbstractNumerous studies have reported the occurrence of aseismic slip or slow slip events along faults induced by fluid injection. However, the underlying physical mechanism and its impact on induced seismicity remain unclear. In this study, we develop a numerical model that incorporates fluid injection on a fault governed by rate‐and‐state friction to simulate the coupled processes of pore‐pressure diffusion, aseismic slip, and dynamic rupture. We establish a field‐scale model to emulate the source characteristics of induced seismicity near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport (DFWA), Texas, where events with lower‐stress drops have been observed. Our numerical calculations reveal that the diffusion of fluid pressure modifies fault criticality and induces aseismic slip with lower stress drop values (<1 MPa), which further influence the timing and source properties of subsequent seismic ruptures. We observe that the level of pore‐pressure perturbation exhibits a positive correlation with aseismic‐stress drops but a reversed trend with seismic‐stress drops. Simulations encompassing diverse injection operations and fault frictional parameters generate a wide spectrum of slip modes, with the scaling relationship of moment (M0) with ruptured radius (r0) following an unusual trend, , similar to observed in the DFWA sequence. Based on the consistent scaling, we hypothesize that the lower‐stress‐drop events in the DFWA may imply less dynamic ruptures in the transition from aseismic to seismic slip, located in the middle of the broad slip spectrum, as illustrated in our simulations.