Questions Of Race Research Articles

Masculinity and the Making of American Judaism

Masculinity and the Making of American Judaism

PAZ, RAÇA E DECADÊNCIA DISCIPLINAR

This article briefly analyzes the implications of Lewis Gordon’s work on race, racism and disciplinarity in our field of inquiry, peace studies. The centrality of human beings and freedom in Gordon's philosophy, and his metadisciplinary reflections help us to rethink our experience as doctoral students in the discipline where questions of race, racism and colonialism are undertheorized. We contend that an interdisciplinary approach that leaves disciplines unquestioned is insufficient to address problems of racism. Keywords: Lewis Gordon; race; racism; peace studies; disciplinary decadence.

Articulations of race and genealogies of encounter among former Yugoslav migrants in Britain

ABSTRACT While the question of race has been largely underexplored in the study of postsocialist Europe, the logic of coloniality remains at the heart of Europeanness, complicating the assumption that migrants from the region only encounter racial difference once they arrive in a “multicultural” society. The article contributes to recent debates on racializing Central and East European studies as well as the literature on migrant encounters with difference by examining the articulations of “race” and coloniality among migrants from former Yugoslavia in Britain. On the one hand, interactions with fellow migrants are frequently imbued with racialized hierarchies that equate Europeanness with whiteness and modernity. On the other hand, the history of Yugoslav solidarity with decolonizing nations provides an alternative archive that refutes claims of British “openness” and recognizes unexpected forms of intimacy, highlighting a genealogy of encounter that extends the spatiotemporal scope of debates about migrants’ responses to racialized difference.

PROFESSORA, MULHER NEGRA E A LEI DA DIVERSIDADE

As escolas de Educação Básica devem atender os dispositivos das Leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/08, que tornam obrigatório o ensino sobre História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena. Essa obrigatoriedade atinge todos/as os/as docentes dos estabelecimentos. Entretanto, a responsabilidade pela implementação das leis recai sobre professores/as negros/as e indígenas, isto é, é colocada pelos/as colegas. Desta forma, e não apenas por isso, professores/as negros/as e indígenas, têm assumido a liderança do trabalho no que se refere à implementação das leis, pois possuem compreensão da necessidade e possuem a sensibilidade necessária para tentar envolver os/as colegas de docência, auxiliando no processo. A universidade inserida nas escolas através de diversos programas, como PIBID, projetos de pesquisa e de extensão consegue observar e comprovar este fato no cotidiano. Relatamos neste texto, a pesquisa desenvolvida em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental da região do Vale do Arinos, onde uma professora negra se tornou referência na aplicação da Lei 10.639/03 e parceira nos projetos de extensão sobre o assunto das africanidades. Os projetos sobre a história e a cultura afro-brasileira que ela desenvolve em sua sala de aula chamam a atenção de colegas, que solicitam suas orientações com a finalidade de adaptarem para as suas salas, o que ela faz com alegria, pois tem compromisso com a questão racial na educação e na sociedade, o que promove o trabalho. E, por algumas vezes, suscita a inveja e o ciúme, o que causa o estresse de ambas as partes e o retardamento da implementação da lei. Por outro lado, essa professora e grande parte dos/as educadores/as demonstram a compreensão de que o racismo ainda está muito presente em nossa sociedade e que o trabalho, apesar de exaustivo, não pode parar.

Take Lemons and Make Lemonade: Serial Girls and the Question of Race

Take Lemons and Make Lemonade: Serial Girls and the Question of Race

‘Tout de noir vêtu’: Skin and surface in the rap of Abd al Malik

This paper investigates the visual aesthetics of French rap with regard to questions of race and subjectivity through an analysis of both the lyrics and music videos of the rapper Abd al Malik. Abd al Malik addresses the central question of corporeal visibility in a ‘colour-blind’ French society. His performance depicts the skin as a surface, rooting his corporeal subjectivity in a tactile experience. Through the use of light, oversaturated colour and constantly shifting forms, Abd al Malik’s videos test the limits of vision to create a sensorial experience that incorporates, yet transcends, the visibility of epidermalised blackness. The consciousness of self and others is therefore not achieved by an unmasking or a shedding of blackness, but through the recognition of skin as a material surface that both challenges the presumption that an individual’s interiority is legible on the body’s exterior and invites the more complex, sensorial contact of universal, human relationality.

Editors' Introduction

Cultural studies as a discipline and intellectual practice is deeply indebted to Marx, even as the field of cultural studies has contested, revisited, and updated Marx’s work. This issue points to a number of resonant threads currently active under the umbrella of cultural studies and opens possibilities for historical mapping of the many and varied aspects of marxist thought, in and out of the academy. The authors in this issue direct us toward and augment our understanding of the multi-faceted and inextricable links between questions of capital and questions of race, class, and gender power that have been the focus of US research in cultural studies especially within the past thirty years. In this issue, we continue and expand our editorial emphasis on the role of cultural studies in explaining and challenging the ongoing, intersectional significance of material power relations.

Teaching and Researching Creative Writing

When we consider the contemporary study of literature, which might focus on particular genre, on authors, on types of text, on the literary outputs of regions, on questions of race, gender and sexuality explored in literary work, or the contemporary study of language—whether through applied linguistics, historicalcomparativelinguistics, or through semantics or morphology, for example—we might also be drawn to consider the critical study of creative writing.

Space Race

ABSTRACTThrough an investigation of popular culture sources focused on our relationship with space exploration, this essay asks if and how we might go about traveling off‐planet in an ethical way. Moving from a reading of Georges Méliès' silent film, A Trip to the Moon (1902), to the history of the Soviet space program, to contemporary plans to colonize the moon and Mars, questions of the value of science and discovery are juxtaposed with questions of racism, speciesism, environmentalism, and social justice.

Hamilton and class

Abstract Using an intersectional Marxist analysis, this brief article surveys issues of, and related to, class in Lin-Manuel Miranda’s hit musical Hamilton, including questions of aesthetics, race, narrative, politics and history, as well as how class impacts access to the musical. Sekellick argues that, through its use of hip hop and colour-conscious casting, Hamilton deploys the affects and aesthetics of people of colour, as well as of revolution, to give an otherwise conservative bootstraps narrative about a white founding father a progressive feeling sheen. The author reads Hamilton as a neo-liberal version of America’s founding myths, a retelling of the American dream to suit diversified capitalist and political classes.

Blackfaced white: rasowe przypadki negatywu

In her essay on the involvement of photography in the system of racial division, Tanya Sheehan (“Comical Conflations: Racial Identity and Science of Photography,” Photography & Culture, vol. 4, no. 2, 2011: 133-156) focused her attention on common comparisons of the photographic negative to the Negroid race. Such a tendency may imply a claim that the negative is racist; once connected, just as African Americans, with pejorative features. The negative picture, different from reality as such but above all negating a realistic (positive) tradition in art, because of being different (other) can be considered wrong or inferior to the positive so that it must be hidden or even destroyed. In such a context, the present paper focuses on the relationship between the photographic negative and the question of race. Although apparently the reversal of the color of skin might result in a racial transformation of the photographed whites, the artistic practice of the 20th and 21st centuries demonstrates that quite often the reversed color does not necessarily mean a change of race. What is more, the negative has been used to oppose by artistic means the simplifying polarization of society. Such avant-garde photographers as Hans Bellmer, Man Ray, and Alexandr Rodchenko used the inversion of tone in their works critiquing colonial and racist stereotypes. Contemporary artists use the negative convention to subvert the dominant positive, realism, light, day, the white male, and other concepts associated with one of the poles constituting the binary value system. Painting one’s face black, in the 19th century used in evidently racist performances called “minstrel shows,” may now convey a positive message.

Reflexões sobre a profissão de modelo: a categoria do exótico na moda e na Antropologia

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a categoria do exótico é abordada no campo da moda e nos escritos antropológicos. Inicialmente, procurou-se tratar de questões relativas à profissão de modelo, a construção histórico-social da supervalorização e da padronização corporal e, posteriormente, analisar como o exótico apareceu nesse contexto. A questão racial surgiu atrelada ao termo em evidência nos exemplos dos jovens modelos africanos presentes no campo. Assim, tal conceito nos auxilia a refletir sobre importantes relações de poder existentes nesse universo subscritas por meio da linguagem. Os dados baseiam-se em uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada durante 2012 e 2013 em uma agência de modelos na cidade de Fortaleza (CE).

Measuring Hispanic Origin: Reflections on Hispanic Race Reporting

There are more than 50 million Hispanics in the United States, composing 16 percent of the population. Hispanics are also one of the fastest-growing race and ethnic groups. The American public often views and treats Hispanics as a racial group; yet 47 years after a Hispanic origin measure was added to the 1970 U.S. decennial census, and after numerous tests aimed at ameliorating racial measurement issues related to Hispanics, we continue to struggle with defining and measuring this population. In this article, we review literature about conceptual and measurement issues regarding Hispanic race reporting, evaluate public tabulations from one of the largest Census Bureau studies conducted in the 2010 Census to test strategies to improve race reporting for Hispanics, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of changing the race question on the decennial census to incorporate Hispanics.

Sociologia do Brasil negro: a pedagogia do pensamento de Clóvis Moura

O presente artigo discute a importncia da obra de Clvis Moura para o pensamento sociolgico brasileiro, de forma geral, e para o ensino de Sociologia no Ensino Mdio, de maneira especfica. O emprego de aspectos da produo terica do autor permite a emergncia de narrativas contra-hegemnicas sobre temas fundamentais da disciplina sociolgica, assim como a legislao em vigor referente Educao Bsica artigo 26-A da LDB fornece o suporte legal para que esse debate contribua com uma educao antirracista. Nesse sentido, o artigo parte de noes conceituais da obra de Moura escravismo pleno, escravismo tardio e quilombagem , e prope reflexes sobre o protagonismo da populao negra e seus desdobramentos na histria e na formao da nao brasileira. Tais reflexes balizam a anlise de discurso realizada junto aos livros didticos de Sociologia do PNLD 2015, traando os limites e a ausncia da questo racial como tarefa intelectual de primeira ordem.

Skin Tone Emoji and Sentiment on Twitter

In 2015, the Unicode Consortium introduced five skin tone emoji that can be used in combination with emoji representing human figures and body parts. In this study, use of the skin tone emoji is analyzed geographically in a large sample of data from Twitter. It can be shown that values for the skin tone emoji by country correspond approximately to the skin tone of the resident populations, and that a negative correlation exists between tweet sentiment and darker skin tone at the global level. In an era of large-scale migrations and continued sensitivity to questions of skin color and race, understanding how new language elements such as skin tone emoji are used can help frame our understanding of how people represent themselves and others in terms of a salient personal appearance attribute.

Raça e psiquiatria: uma análise genealógica da questão racial na psiquiatria brasileira

O propósito deste trabalho é problematizar a tematização da questão racial na psiquiatria brasileira. A partir do debate sobre raça e racismo (presente em Fredrickson, Hund e Wade), esse trabalho busca analisar a noção de raça e racismo a partir do quadro analítico desenvolvido por Michel Foucault. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho é compreender qual a especificidade da questão racial e do negro nas práticas e discursos da psiquiatria brasileira entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX. Em termos metodológicos, considerou-se a psiquiatria como um dispositivo: uma rede de práticas de poder, discursos de saber e modos de concepção de sujeitos. Assim, nos discursos e nas práticas psiquiátricas desse período, analisamos como características físicas e fenotípicas de indivíduos e grupos negros foram operacionalizadas, submetendo esses sujeitos à condições de inferioridade e de desigualdade. Por último, buscamos apresentar contribuições para as possíveis reflexões sobre a relação entre as práticas psiquiátricas de racismo interno e a proposta de “branqueamento” da nação (compreendendo-a como uma estratégia biopolítica de gestão da população brasileira).

Global configurations of indigenous identities, movements and pathways

The social science literature on identity politics around questions of race and ethnicity is profuse, prolix and contentious. Indigenous identity politics have seen a parallel growth and are equally complex. While there are analogies and overlaps, indigenous identities and social movements are neither conceptually nor empirically a sub-set of ethnic identities. The central issue of indigenous groups is the place of first peoples in relation to the nation-state system. This takes different forms in old world states of Asia and Africa to those of new world settler (ex-colonial) states of the Americas and Australasia. While the major issues of the indigenous peoples have expanded beyond their national boundaries, their modes of participation in the national political arenas vary. They share a gradual nationalization of indigenous movements, including stronger links with socio-political forces of the respective countries in the region, a heightened consciousness of global processes and the broadening and enrichment of their socio-cultural and economic objectives. This paper looks at trans-national dimensions of indigenous social movements and identity politics in relation to nation-state policy regimes and examines the varying routes taken by indigenous peoples to achieve their goals.

Book Review: Race in American Film: Voices and Visions That Shaped a Nation

Race in American Film is a three-volume encyclopedic treatment of race and racism in American cinema, from the early film era to modern times. The editors, Daniel Bernardi and Michael Green, address the question of “American cinema’s place in American and world culture with respect to the question of race” (xxx). For the purpose of this three-volume set, they define “race” broadly, using Omi and Winant’s definition of race as a “‘shifting yet reforming’ complex of meanings that works to shape our sense of selves and those we see as similar—thereby allowing us to see others as different.” (xxi) The concept of race, therefore, is subject to change over time and among different social groups.

“It is simply out of the question to eliminate the colorline”: The Development of Black Library Service in Atlanta and the Integration of the Atlanta Public Library

ABSTRACT The first southern recipient of a library construction grant from Andrew Carnegie, the Atlanta Public Library (APL) from the beginning of its development and throughout the twentieth century struggled with questions of race. As it conformed to southern racial norms of the early twentieth century, the APL institutionalized segregation. After integration, the APL long dealt with the effects of having practiced segregation. The history of the development of public library service in Atlanta, the APL's struggle with race, and its efforts to come to terms with its segregated past, suggests that the APL shared a similar pattern of response to questions of race with other southern, particularly urban, public libraries.

“A New Vocation before Me”: Frederick Douglass's Post-Civil War Lyceum Career

ABSTRACTThis article examines the oratorical strategies adopted by Frederick Douglass in the late 1860s and early 1870s when he joined the ranks of professional lyceum speakers. Douglass's speaking shifted away from the long-established topics of slavery and civil rights to appeal to a broader audience. Douglass also shifted from a spontaneous speaking style, honed in years of abolitionist campaigning, to rely upon written texts prepared in advance and delivered repeatedly. A close analysis of those lyceum addresses, newspaper reports of their delivery, and Douglass's personal correspondence reveal that he retained many elements of his older performance style and facilely adapted his topic, sometimes in mid-lecture, to suit many audiences' demand to hear him address the “race question.”