Quality Control Tests Research Articles

An innovation in the method of assessing the fire resistance of a reinforced concrete girderless ceiling of a building

The article presents a new method for assessing the fire resistance of monolithic girderless non-accumulating floors of buildings and structures. The essence of the method lies in the fact that thermal (fire) tests of the floor are carried out without destruction, according to a set of single indicators of the quality of working fittings and structural concrete of continuous slabs. The use of the method makes it possible to determine the fire resistance of an uncut reinforced concrete slab of a girderless ceiling of a building without full-scale fire exposure, increases the reliability of statistical quality control and non-destructive testing, reduces economic costs.

Assessment of non-destructive nuclear and non-nuclear asphalt density testing devices for Australian road construction

ABSTRACT Non-nuclear density gauges, also known as Pavement Quality Indicators (PQIs), offer several advantages over widely used destructive test methods and nuclear density gauges (NDGs) for asphalt density measurement. Replacing NDGs with PQIs would simplify regulatory requirements and reduce the cost and complexity of in-situ asphalt density measurement. This is due to the absence of nuclear materials and the ability of PQIs to provide measurements rapidly. However, PQIs have not gained widespread use in Australia due to concerns regarding accuracy. This work assesses the suitability of PQIs for both acceptance and quality control testing by analysing a dataset collected over an extended period and across a wide range of construction sites in Australia. Accuracy was evaluated based on the strength of the relationship between gauge measurements and core density results. Although some evidence supporting the use of PQIs for quality control purposes has been found, their use for acceptance testing remains unwarranted. Recommendations for establishing standard testing methods are provided to encourage wider adoption of PQIs.

Electrical Resistivity Testing of Concrete Cylinders: Bias, Precision, and Use in Process Control

Electrical resistivity is increasingly used as a test method to assess the transport properties of concrete. This paper describes an interlaboratory study that was conducted to determine precision and bias for resistivity measurements made in surface and bulk configurations of concrete cylinders. Tests were performed following AASHTO T 358-22 and AASHTO T 402-23. A verification device is introduced with a known resistivity (and impedance) to aid in determining the bias associated with resistivity measurements. However, this device can also be used as a training tool and as a tool to evaluate the qualifications of those new to performing the test. Concrete cylinders were prepared, cured, and conditioned using three methods: immersed in simulated pore solution, sealed, and immersed in lime solution. The samples were tested to determine the precision in the resistivity measurements of the samples for the different curing conditions. The paper discusses how resistivity testing can be used for quality control testing as well as quality acceptance. The results were used to develop precision and bias statements for resistivity measurements, which have been adopted in the latest American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASTHO) standards.

Multi-functional additively constructed honeycomb walls for housing and sheltering

Honeycomb designs have become increasingly popular in additive manufacturing due to their great mechanical properties. The honeycomb infill pattern has allowed the creation of lightweight objects without sacrificing the strength of solid objects. Honeycombs have been utilized in different applications, including architecture, aerospace, and automotive. However, there is a lack of honeycomb designs within the construction industry. With the growth of concrete additive construction, there is an opportunity to introduce honeycomb designs into construction practices. This paper proposes a methodology for manufacturing multi-functional walls through additive construction. The methodology includes several key steps, from material development and quality control testing to wall assembly and experimental investigation. Two multi-functional wall segments were additively constructed, reaching a height of 1180 mm, a width of 610 mm, and a thickness of 90 mm. These measurements led to the manufacturing of seven distinct cellular sections per wall, comprising three main, two intermediate, and two end cellular units. In addition, a columnar unit was additively constructed for corner connection, featuring two vertical octagonal cells with end brackets. A preliminary wall system made up of honeycomb wall segments was assembled using various additional materials such as sealant, clamping systems, and insulative materials. Furthermore, an additional wall segment with end connections was designed and manufactured to test its load-carrying capacity. The wall segment performed well compared to wooden stud walls and showed sufficient load-carrying capacity. Unlike traditional un-reinforced concrete structures, which are brittle and experience small plastic deformations before failing, the honeycomb wall structure experienced large plastic deformation before failure due to the use of insulation foam and silicon rubber. The preliminary testing showed that the honeycomb wall system could be an alternative to traditional housing construction, especially for shelters.

Characterization of X-ray Beams: Determination of K\(_{a,e}\) for Comparison with DRLs

Aims: The aim of this experimental study was to quantify the entrance surface air kerma (Ka,e) of X-ray beams in radiographic examinations, and the obtained values were compared with national and international Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Franciscan University (UFN), between June 2023 and August 2024. Methodology: Initially, the main quality control (QC) tests were applied to characterize the radiographic equipment. During the evaluation of the X-ray beam, a dosimetric set was used, and for the same QC geometry, Air Kerma Rate (KAIR) measurements were obtained to determine the output of the X-ray tube. Under the same conditions, a phantom without water and the same filled with water were used to determine the backscatter factor (BSF), which was then used to estimate the Ka,e for the main radiographic examinations. Results: The results of this study are consistent with other studies and identified the region/anatomy with the highest radiation exposure, highlighting the importance of its optimization and verifying that continued professional training should be integrated into best practices to ensure greater safety in procedures. The results obtained evidence the necessity for adjustments in image acquisition protocols, as the Ka,e values found in this study, although within the limits established by the national DRLs, exceed the reference values of countries such as the United Kingdom and Japan in the areas of the skull, abdomen, and lumbar spine. This discrepancy highlights the importance of the periodic review and update of DRLs, in accordance with international recommendations and the technological evolution of equipment. Dose optimization is an ongoing process that involves the evaluation of image quality, the appropriate selection of technical parameters, and the implementation of specific dose protocols. The continuous training of radiology professionals is essential to ensure the correct application of imaging techniques and the minimization of patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of evaluating radiation dose in diagnostic imaging and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to dose optimization. Implementing quality assurance programs, updating DRLs, and providing ongoing training for professionals are essential to ensure patient safety and high-quality diagnostic imaging. The methodology adopted in this study can contribute to the ongoing education of radiology professionals, promoting the correct application of imaging techniques and reducing patient exposure to ionizing radiation.

The Design of Novel 3D-Printed, Moulded, and Oral Viscous Budesonide Formulations for Paediatrics: A Comparative Evaluation of Their Mucoadhesive Properties.

Paediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) treatment is challenging due to the limited number of age-appropriate formulations. This study aims to develop and evaluate oral viscous suspensions and solid formulations of budesonide (BUD), focusing on their in vitro mucoadhesive properties, to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes in paediatric EoE. This study encompasses the development of oral viscous suspensions and orodispersible solid formulations (moulded tablets and 3D-printed dosage forms) containing BUD. The formulations underwent quality control tests as per the European Pharmacopoeia, chemical stability assessments, and an in vitro evaluation of their mucoadhesiveness properties. A validated analytical method enabled accurate BUD quantification and efficient extraction, and all developed formulations demonstrated chemical stability for 30 days, meeting Ph. Eur. quality standards. Three-dimensional printing using SSE successfully produced 1 mg and 0.5 mg BUD printlets, complying with quality tests for conventional tablets. Formulations containing xanthan gum (L2-XG and P1-0.5-XG) exhibited superior mucoadhesive properties. L2-XG showed significantly higher mucoadhesion than L1-MC. Among the solid formulations, P1-0.5-XG demonstrated the highest mucoadhesive properties. This is the first study to develop solid oral dosage forms of BUD at a very low dose, specifically for paediatric use. The results highlight the potential of 3D printing for developing individualised orodispersible BUD formulations with improved bioadhesion for paediatric EoE treatment. The L2-XG formulation and the XG-containing printlets are the most promising formulations in terms of increasing contact time with the oesophageal mucosa, which could translate into improved therapeutic efficacy in this patient population.

Design and Use of a Custom Phantom for Regular Tests of Radiography Apparatus: A Feasibility Study.

This study investigates the feasibility of employing an in-house-developed physical phantom dedicated to the weekly quality control testing of radiographic systems, performed by radiographers. For this purpose, a 3D phantom was fabricated, featuring test objects, including a model representing a lesion. Alongside this phantom, a commercial phantom, specifically, IBA's Primus L, was utilized. Weekly imaging of both phantoms was conducted over a span of four weeks, involving different imaging protocols and anode voltages. Subsequently, the obtained data underwent visual evaluation, as well as measurement of the intensity of selected regions of interest. The average values for three incident kilovoltages remained consistently stable over the four weeks, with the exception of the "low energy" case, which exhibited variability during the first week of measurements. Following experiments in "Week 1", the X-Ray unit was identified as malfunctioning and underwent necessary repairs. The in-house-developed phantom demonstrated its utility in assessing the performance of the X-Ray system.

Automated assessment of task-based performance of digital mammography and tomosynthesis systems using an anthropomorphic breast phantom and deep learning-based scoring.

Conventional metrics used for assessing digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) image quality, including noise, spatial resolution, and detective quantum efficiency, do not necessarily predict how well the system will perform in a clinical task. A number of existing phantom-based methods have their own limitations, such as unrealistic uniform backgrounds, subjective scoring using humans, and regular signal patterns unrepresentative of common clinical findings. We attempted to address this problem with a realistic breast phantom with random hydroxyapatite microcalcifications and semi-automated deep learning-based image scoring. Our goal was to develop a methodology for objective task-based assessment of image quality for tomosynthesis and DM systems, which includes an anthropomorphic phantom, a detection task (microcalcification clusters), and automated performance evaluation using a convolutional neural network. Experimental 2D and pseudo-3D mammograms of an anthropomorphic inkjet-printed breast phantom with inserted microcalcification clusters were collected on clinical mammography systems to train a signal-present/signal-absent image classifier based on Resnet-18 architecture. In a separate validation study using simulations, this Resnet-18 classifier was shown to approach the performance of an ideal observer. Microcalcification detection performance was evaluated as a function of four dose levels using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis [i.e., area under the ROC curve (AUC)]. To demonstrate the use of this evaluation approach for assessing different technologies, the method was applied to two different mammography systems, as well as to mammograms with re-binned pixels emulating a lower-resolution X-ray detector. Microcalcification detectability, as assessed by the deep learning classifier, was observed to vary with the exposure incident on the breast phantom for both DM and tomosynthesis. At full dose, experimental AUC was 0.96 (for DM) and 0.95 (for DBT), whereas at half dose, it dropped to 0.85 and 0.71, respectively. AUC performance on DM was significantly decreased with an effective larger pixel size obtained with re-binning. The task-based assessment approach also showed the superiority of a newer mammography system compared with an older system. An objective task-based methodology for assessing the image quality of mammography and tomosynthesis systems is proposed. Possible uses for this tool could be quality control, acceptance, and constancy testing, assessing the safety and effectiveness of new technology for regulatory submissions, and system optimization. The results from this study showed that the proposed evaluation method using a deep learning model observer can track differences in microcalcification signal detectability with varied exposure conditions.

Digital Quantification and Ultrasensitive Detection of Single Influenza Virus Using Microgel-in-Droplet Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Detection and quantification of viral particles (VPs) facilitate both diagnostics of pathogenic viruses and quality control testing of virus-based products. However, existing technologies fail to afford concurrent ultrasensitive detection and large-scale absolute quantification of VPs. Here, we propose a digital Microgel-in-Droplet enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system that enables the processing and monitoring of millions of ELISA reactions at the single-VP level by incorporating droplet microfluidics with sandwich ELISA. Upon validating the microfluidic workflow and optimizing ELISA parameters, we demonstrate ultrasensitive VP detection at a limit of detection of 56 PFU/test. Leveraging a fluorescence-based screening platform, we further realize high-throughput digital counting of VPs with a linear detection range of 500-64 000 PFU/test. The precision is comparable to that of the gold standard, the plaque assay, across a wide range of virus concentrations. We anticipate that our system will provide a novel paradigm for the absolute enumeration of various types of viral particles.

The Mu2e crystal and SiPM calorimeter

The calorimeter of the Mu2e experiment is being assembled, with all production components completed and tested, apart from the digital electronics that is still underway. The mechanical structure is fully built, with a complete integration and test of all the analog sensors and electronics. We summarize construction and assembly phases, Quality Control tests, calibration procedures and first tests performed in the assembly area, as well as the installation and commissioning plans of the final disks in the Mu2e hall.

Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Cubebin in Crude Drug and Marketed Formulations

Background: Cubebin is a naturally occurring lactone lignan isolated from the plant species Piper cubeba. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. This compound has garnered significant interest for its potential therapeutic applications in traditional and modern medicine. Aim: This study aimed to develop a novel stability-indicating High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) technique that is simple yet precise in estimating cubebin in crude drug and marketed formulations. Method: Cubebin was estimated using precoated TLC silica gel 60 F254 plate as a stationary phase and n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (6:3.5:0.5:0.3 v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase with the chamber saturation time of 20 mins. Key Findings: Cubebin was detected and quantified at the wavelength of 283nm. The Rf value of cubebin in standard solution, Piper cubeba extract, Dhanwantari Vati, and Khadiradi Vati was found to be 0.494±0.0015, 0.492±0.002, 0.490±0.0020, 0.499±0.001 respectively. The calibration curve exhibited linearity within the range of 3000-13000 ng per band with a correlation coefficient (r2) of Cubebin was 0.9968. The method developed was utilized for the quantitation of cubebin in Piper cubeba and both the marketed formulations. Conclusion: A novel HPTLC method was developed and validated in accordance to ICH guidelines for the analysis of cubebin in crude drug and marketed formulations. The method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, and specific. This method is suitable for quality control and stability testing of cubebin-containing formulations.

Point-of-care manufacturing of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells using a closed production platform: Experiences of an academic in Thailand

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has evolved as a standard of care for various forms of relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies in major developed countries. However, access to industry-driven CAR-T cell therapy is limited in developing countries, partly due to the centralized manufacturing system. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility of the point-of-care (POC) manufacturing of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells from heavily pretreated patients and healthy graft donors at an academic medical center in Thailand using a closed semi-automated production platform, CliniMACS Prodigy, and established in-process quality control and release testing to ensure their identity, purity, sterility, safety, and potency. Nine out of the nine products manufactured were used in a pilot study (ISRCTN17901467). However, we did observe that starting Tcells with CD4/CD8 ratios of less than one-third had a high chance of manufacturing failure, which could be minimized by serum supplementation. Further analysis of Tcell phenotypes in the infused versus circulating CAR-T cells revealed the differentiation from early memory subtypes toward effector cells invivo. The POC manufacturing and quality control settings herein could be applied to other CAR-T cell products and may benefit other academics, especially those in developing countries, making CAR-T cells more accessible.

AAPM Task Group Report 299: Quality control in multi-energy computed tomography.

Multi-energy computed tomography (MECT) offers the opportunity for advanced visualization, detection, and quantification of select elements (e.g., iodine) or materials (e.g., fat) beyond the capability of standard single-energy computed tomography (CT). However, the use of MECT requires careful consideration as substantially different hardware and software approaches have been used by manufacturers, including different sets of user-selected or hidden parameters that affect the performance and radiation dose of MECT. Another important consideration when designing MECT protocols is appreciation of the specific tasks being performed; for instance, differentiating between two different materials or quantifying a specific element. For a given task, it is imperative to consider both the radiation dose and task-specific image quality requirements. Development of a quality control (QC) program is essential to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of these MECT applications. Although standard QC procedures have been well established for conventional single-energy CT, the substantial differences between single-energy CT and MECT in terms of system implementations, imaging protocols, and clinical tasks warrant QC tests specific to MECT. This task group was therefore charged with developing a systematic QC program designed to meet the needs of MECT applications. In this report, we review the various MECT approaches that are commercially available, including information about hardware implementation, MECT image types, image reconstruction, and postprocessing techniques that are unique to MECT. We address the requirements for MECT phantoms, review representative commercial MECT phantoms, and offer guidance regarding homemade MECT phantoms. We discuss the development of MECT protocols, which must be designed carefully with proper consideration of MECT technology, imaging task, and radiation dose. We then outline specific recommended QC tests in terms of general image quality, radiation dose, differentiation and quantification tasks, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Quality Control Procedure of Different Parameters of X-Rays System and Optimization of Radiation Doses to the Patient

Quality control helps radio-diagnostic facilities achieve appropriate radiological information with little dose and cost. In this study, quality control tests included Kilovoltage kVp accuracy and reproducibility, KVp and timer reproducibility, taking voltage verses radiation doses checking and reproducibility, milliampere(mA) and timer linearity, milliampere second mAs reproducibility and output doses verses mAs, light-radiation collimator integrity, Perpendicularity, and HVL These results were compared to established methods. A certified physicist should do this test. Equipment functionality was determined via the status test. This was done shortly following the acceptance test. The test is repeated after repair that affects functional status, like the acceptance test. A certified physicist performs the status test, which involves absolute measurements. All processes at AECH DINAR D.I. Khan were within acceptable limits.

Non-destructive compaction evaluation and comparison of different asphalt centerline longitudinal joints

Longitudinal joint quality is critical to the service life of asphalt pavements. Maintaining failed joints of asphalt pavements is a challenge for many highway agencies. Long-term performance issues of flexible pavements may result from a poorly constructed joint; the low-density joint can prematurely deteriorate an otherwise sound pavement. The longitudinal joint is built using different geometries, rolling patterns, and construction techniques, all involving risk in achieving a well-compacted joint. Conventional quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) testing (using cores or density gauges) provide limited coverage due to their spot-test nature. Using conventional QC/QA methods involves the risk of accepting a poorly constructed longitudinal joint at the time of construction. This study used continuous data from the non-destructive dielectric profiling system (DPS) to identify compaction ability differences between the various joint types and construction techniques. The analysis suggests avoiding constructing an unconfined joint when possible. Percent within limits (PWL) analysis shows that any joint geometry could produce minimal compaction differences between the joint and the mat. However, if an unconfined joint needs to be constructed, a portion of the unconfined joint should be cut back before paving the adjacent lane. Such a cutback technique can result in better unconfined joint compaction. Further, PWL results showed that using a smaller subsection/sublot can isolate local compaction issues; a 100 ft sublot length is preferable for PWL analysis when utilizing DPS for compaction evaluation.

Development and Validation of a Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin, Tenegliptin, and Pioglitazone in bulk and its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form .

A straightforward, reliable, and thorough approach was created for contemporaneously estimating Teneligliptin, Metformin, and Pioglitazone in solid dosage form. It was conducted by means of Agilent C18 150x4.6mm, 5µ. The mobile phase comprising buffer, acetonitrile, and Methanol (55:35:10 v/v) passed across the column at a pace of 0.9ml/min. The procedure relied on a 0.01N K2HPO4 buffer having a pH of 3.5, which was achieved by diluting an orthophosphoric acid solution. The temperature was kept constant at 30°C—optimized wavelength for Teneligliptin. Metformin and Pioglitazone were 220.0 nm. Retention times of Teneligliptin, Metformin, and Pioglitazone were 2.970 min, 2.395 min, and 3.642 min. %RSD of a system for Teneligliptin, Metformin, and Pioglitazone were 1.3, 0.6, and 1.0, respectively. %RSD of a method for Teneligliptin, Metformin, and Pioglitazone was 0.6 for each drug. The % recovery was 100.43, 100.45, and 100.22% for Teneligliptin, Metformin, and Pioglitazone, accordingly. The regression equations are used to generate the LoD and LoQ values of Teneligliptin, Metformin, and Pioglitazone, and LoD values were 0.016 ppm, 0.26 ppm, 0.42ppm, while LOQ values of Teneligliptin, Metformin and Pioglitazone were 0.048 ppm, 0.78 ppm,1.28 ppm respectively. The regression equation of Teneligliptin was y = 56655x + 920.87. Metformin was y = 14194x + 3082.1 and of Pioglitazone was y = = 41330x + 792.61.Reduced retention durations make the new approach easy and cost-effective for use in routine industrial quality control testing.

Distillation and gas stripping purification plants for the JUNO liquid scintillator

The optical and radiochemical purification of the scintillating liquid which will fill the detector of the JUNO experiment plays a crucial role in achieving its scientific goals. Given its gigantic mass and dimensions, and an unprecedented target value of about 3% at 1MeV in energy resolution, JUNO has set severe requirements on the parameters of its scintillator, such as attenuation length (Lat>20m at 430nm), light yield, and content of radioactive contaminants (238U,232Th<10-15g/g). To accomplish these needs, the scintillator will be processed using several purification methods, including distillation under vacuum and gas stripping, carried out in two large-scale plants installed at the JUNO site.In this paper, the layout, operating principles, and technical aspects which have driven the design and construction of the distillation and gas stripping plants are reviewed. The distillation is effective in enhancing the optical properties and removing high-boiling radioactive impurities (238U, 232Th, 40K), while the stripping process exploits pure water steam and high-purity nitrogen to extract gaseous contaminants (222Rn, 39Ar, 85Kr, O2) from the scintillator. The plant operating parameters have been tuned during the recent commissioning phase at the JUNO site and several quality control measurements and tests have been performed to evaluate the performances of the plants. Preliminary results on the efficiency of these purification processes will be shown.

Pharmacopeial parametric release strategy in microbiological quality control of radiopharmaceuticals

Nuclear medicine is used to assess body functionality at various levels of biological organization and is increasingly employed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Nearly 5% of radiopharmaceuticals are used therapeutically, whereas approximately 95% are used for diagnosis. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals are generally considered safe because they are administered in subpharmacological doses, and the radiotracer components are employed in minimal doses. Consequently, the radiation exposure to the body during nuclear medicine investigations is typically low. However, when radiopharmaceuticals are used for therapeutic applications such as tumor ablation and bone pain palliation, the emitted radiation is highly localized and potent. Radiotracers and radiation doses are more carefully selected for young patients, as the radiation-induced risk of adverse health effects is greater in children than in adults. Radiopharmaceutical preparations should adhere to the established standards of pharmacopoeia worldwide to ensure safety and efficacy. Adherence to current good manufacturing practices, sterility, and good radiation practices are prerequisites for ensuring effective quality assurance and quality control systems during radiopharmaceutical preparation. The quality control test parameter for radiopharmaceuticals primarily involves physicochemical and biological tests. However, significant concerns exist regarding the biological testing of radiopharmaceuticals, necessitating their parametric release. The time-intensive traditional sterility test, bacterial endotoxin test, and rabbit pyrogen tests have been critical quality control issues due to the short half-lives of most radiopharmaceuticals, as they should be dispensed at the earliest to ensure optimal diagnostic/therapeutic benefit. Therefore, manufacturers of radiopharmaceuticals, dispensers, and nuclear medicine specialists should be cognizant of the issues posed by biological quality control as a primary obstacle to ensuring consistent quality through parametric release from a compendial test method standpoint.

Leveraging Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for System Suitability Testing of Mass Spectrometry Imaging Platforms.

Quality control and system suitability testing are vital protocols implemented to ensure the repeatability and reproducibility of data in mass spectrometry investigations. However, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analyses present added complexity since both chemical and spatial information are measured. Herein, we employ various machine learning algorithms and a novel quality control mixture to classify the working conditions of an MSI platform. Each algorithm was evaluated in terms of its performance on unseen data, validated with negative control data sets to rule out confounding variables or chance agreement, and utilized to determine the necessary sample size to achieve a high level of accurate classifications. In this work, a robust machine learning workflow was established where models could accurately classify the instrument condition as clean or compromised based on data metrics extracted from the analyzed quality control sample. This work highlights the power of machine learning to recognize complex patterns in MSI data and use those relationships to perform a system suitability test for MSI platforms.

Evaluation of bending and shear properties of mixed softwood & hardwood cross-laminated timbers

The current version of PRG-320 Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) that governs CLT manufacturing and design, limits production to softwood species. As a result, the growing demand for CLT production could strain the supply of softwood lumber in the US within the next decade. The inclusion of hardwood in CLT production alongside softwood could be a potential solution to this problem. This paper investigates the bending and shear test results of three- and five-layer mixed species CLT beams manufactured using various combinations of yellow-poplar and southern pine. The beams were evaluated for bending strength, bending stiffness, shear strength, and shear stiffness, as well as quality control testing of moisture content, specific gravity, resistance to shear by compression loading and resistance to delamination. The experimental values for all CLT groups, adjusted according to the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) to ensure stress limits are not exceeded, were greater than those calculated using the shear analogy method. The only exceptions were bending stiffness values for the groups with all layers of southern pine and those with outer layers of southern pine and inner layers of yellow-poplar (see Table 1 for layups codes), where the differences remained within a minor range of 4 %. Although, wood failure percentages in resistance to shear by compression loading fell below the maximum value of 80 %, and face delamination percentages in resistance to delamination were above the minimum value of 5 % according to the corresponding standards. The mechanical properties of all CLT beams met or exceeded shear analogy values. The test results indicated that yellow-poplar could be a viable alternative to southern pine in the production of CLT due to its similar specific gravity. This suggests that mixed-species CLT can maintain or enhance structural performance while addressing material shortages. Furthermore, the use of yellow-poplar in CLT production promotes sustainable forestry practices, supports resource diversification, and encourages innovation in construction methods. These findings have significant practical implications for the timber and construction industries, contributing to cost efficiency and environmental sustainability.