Pyrus Species Research Articles

Molecular Characterization of the Coat Protein Gene of Greek Apple Stem Pitting Virus Isolates: Evolution through Deletions, Insertions, and Recombination Events.

A RT–PCR assay developed to amplify the full coat protein (CP) gene of apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) was evaluated using 180 Greek apple and pear samples and showed a broad detection range. This method was used to investigate the presence of ASPV in quince in Greece and showed a high incidence of 52%. The sequences of 14 isolates from various hosts with a distinct RFLP profile were determined. ASPV population genetics and the factors driving ASPV evolution were analyzed using the Greek ASPV sequences, novel sequences from Brazilian apple trees and Chinese botanical Pyrus species, and homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank. Fourteen variant types of Greek, Brazilian and botanical isolates, which differ in CP gene length and presence of indels, were identified. In addition, these analyses showed high intra- and inter-group variation among isolates from different countries and hosts, indicating the significant variability present in ASPV. Recombination events were detected in four isolates originating from Greek pear and quince and two from Brazilian apples. In a phylogenetic analysis, there was a tendency for isolates to cluster together based on CP gene length, the isolation host, and the detection method applied. Although there was no strict clustering based on geographical origin, most isolates from a given country tended to regroup in specific clusters. Interestingly, it was found that the phylogeny was correlated to the type, position, and pattern of indels, which represent hallmarks of specific lineages and indicate their possible role in virus diversification, rather than the CP size itself. Evidence of recombination between isolates from botanical and cultivated species and the clustering of isolates from botanical species and isolates from cultivated species suggest the existence of a possible undetermined transmission mechanism allowing the exchange of ASPV isolates between the cultivated and wild/ornamental hosts.

Further steps for application of droplet vitrification for cryopreservation ofPyrusandPrunusspecies

Further steps for application of droplet vitrification for cryopreservation of<i>Pyrus</i>and<i>Prunus</i>species

Comparative Morphological Study of Pollen Grains and Seeds of Cultivars from the Species Pyrus malus L. and Pyrus communis L. Cultivated in Northern of Iraq

Comparative Morphological Study of Pollen Grains and Seeds of Cultivars from the Species Pyrus malus L. and Pyrus communis L. Cultivated in Northern of Iraq

Türkiye'de Yetişen Üç Ahlat Türünün Arbutin İçeriğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Armut (Pyrus spp.) Dünya çapında en önemli meyvelerden biridir. Pyrus cinsi, Rosaceae ailesinin Pomoideae alt ailesine aittir. Pyrus türlerinin farklı organları farklı oranlarda arbutin içerir. Arbutin birçok tıbbi bitkide bulunan ve doğal olarak oluşan glikozittir. Arbutin, Lamiaceae, Ericaceae, Saxifragaceae ve Rosaceae gibi farklı familyalardan gelen farklı bitki türlerinde bulunur. Tirosinazı önleme kabiliyetinden dolayı beyazlatıcı bir madde olarak kullanılır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Afyonkarahisar ilinde yetişen Pyrus Species (PEL (PEL), PAM (PAM) ve PAN (PAN)) 'nin arbutin içeriğini tespit etmektir. Örnekler oda sıcaklığında onbeş gün boyunca kurutuldu. Tüm yabani pyrus türlerinin arbutin içerikleri, ters faz HPLC ile belirlendi. UV dedektörü ile donatılmış bir Agilent 1260 HPLC sistemi üzerinde miktar tayini yapılmıştır. Bir C18 (5 um, 250 mm x 4.6 mm) analitik kolon kullanıldı. Mobil faz% 93 deiyonize su ve% 7 metanoldü. İzokratik elüsyon, 1 mL / dak akış hızında kullanıldı. Kolon sıcaklığı 25 ° C'de tutuldu ve tespit dalga boyu arbutin için 280 nm'de ayarlandı. Analitik yöntem, ICH Q7A Kılavuzuna göre doğrulandı. Çalışmamızın sonuçları üç pyrus türünün de arbutin içerdiğini göstermiştir. Yaprakların arbutin içeriği, üç yabani armutun meyvelerinden daha yüksektir. Her üç türün de yapraklarında yüksek oranda arbutin içeriği bulunmuştur. PAN, diğer türlerden daha yüksek oranda arbutin oranına sahiptir (Yaprak: 21,23 mg / g. Dal: 8,92 mg / g. Meyve: 0,81 mg / g).

Microsatellite DNA-markers in the study of the gene pool of fruit crops

This article describes development of multilocus SSR-markers sets for genotyping Pyrus, Prunus, and Malus from various genetic collections of the South of Russia. Generated multiplex sets of SSR-markers were used in the certification of cultivated varieties and in the analysis of the genetic structure of Pyrus, Prunus and Malus species collections. The results of SSR genotyping of pear, apple, plum and sweet cherry made it possible to establish genetic relationships between varieties, including groups of modern varieties of Russian and foreign breeding and, in turn, local autochthonous varieties. In general, the use of these multiplexes has confirmed their effectiveness in solving the assigned tasks.

The chemical composition of the fruit of Pyrus L. genus representatives

Aim. The article aimed at determining the content of the basic elements of the chemical composition (total contentof water, titrated acids and mass fraction of dry soluble substances) in the fruits of Pyrus L. genus representatives and the acidity of their cell sap (pH). Methods. The analyzed fruits had been gathered from plants of the species and pear cultivars collections growing in the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine and Uman National University of Horticulture (P. communis L., P. pyrifolia (Burman f.) Nakai and ‘Glek’, ‘Kniahynia Olga’ and ‘Clapp’s Favorite’), as well as at M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (P. betulifolia Bunge, P. calle-riana Decne, P. elaegrifolia Pall., P. pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don., P. georgica Kuth.). The chemical composition of the fruits had been determined by conventional methods using pH tester (pH-150M), a refractometer (URL-1), and an atmospheric tray dryer (SUP-4). The level of titrated acids (in terms of malic acid) had been defined by the volume titration method according to DSTU EN12147–2003. Results. The pH in the studied Pyrus fruits varied from 3.2 to 4.8, indicating the acidic response of the cell sap of the fruits of the studied species and cultivars of pear. The water content of pear cultivars (85.83–90.0%) was higher than in Pyrus species (67.36–79.56%) except for P. pyrifolia (87.1%). In most of the studied Pyrus representatives (‘Glek’, P. betulifolia, P. calleriana, P. communis, P. pashia, P. georgica, P. elaegrifolia), the titrated acid index ranged from 0.18 to 0.25%. The lowest rates were in P. pyrifolia (0.11%) and ‘Kniahynia Olga’ (0.09%), and the highest ones were in the ‘Clapp’s Favorite’ (0.31%). The more soluble solids had been found in P. betulifolia, P. georgica, P. elaegrifolia, P. pashia, and P. calleriana (14.6–16.1%), whereas in the other species and cultivars their content did not exceed 8.2–12.4%. Conclusions. Thus, according to the complex of indicators, the fruits of species and cultivars of the genus Pyrus contained 67.36–90.00% of water, 8.2–16.1% of soluble solids, 0.09–0.31% of titrated acids, in the acidic cell sap reaction with pH was of 3.21 to 4.80. Based on the data obtained, the cultivars of ‘Clapp’s Favorite’ and ‘Kniahynia Olga’ can be used for fresh consumption, ‘Glek’—for drying, and P. pyrifolia — for involvement in the breeding programmes.

RNA-Seq analysis of compatible and incompatible styles of Pyrus species at the beginning of pollination.

At the early stage of pollination, the difference in gene expression between compatibility and incompatibility is highly significant about the pollen-specific expression of the LRR gene, resistance, and defensin genes. In Rosaceae, incompatible pollen can penetrate into the style during the gametophytic self-incompatibility response. It is therefore considered a stylar event rather than a stigmatic event. In this study, we explored the differences in gene expression between compatibility and incompatibility in the early stage of pollination. The self-compatible pear variety "Jinzhuili" is a naturally occurring bud mutant from "Yali", a leading Chinese native cultivar exhibiting typical gametophytic self-incompatibility. We collected the styles of 'Yali' and 'Jinzhuili' at 0.5 and 2h after self-pollination and then performed high-throughput sequencing. According to the KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed genes, several metabolic pathways, such as "Plant hormone signal transduction", "Plant-pathogen interaction", are the main pathways was the most represented pathway. Quantitative PCR was used to validate these differential genes. The expression levels of genes related to pollen growth and disease inhibition, such as LRR (Leucine-rich repeat extensin), resistance, defensin, and auxin, differed significantly between compatible and incompatible pollination. Interestingly, at 0.5h, most of these genes were upregulated in the compatible pollination system compared with the incompatible pollination system. Calcium transport, which requires ATPase, also demonstrated upregulated expression. In summary, the self-incompatibility reaction was initiated when the pollen land on the stigma.

Genetic mapping of a locus controlling the intergeneric hybridization barrier between apple and pear

Hybridizations involving different species are often hindered because of incompatibility reactions. Although these reproductive barriers have been observed in many plant species, the underlying mechanisms remain to be comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we detected a hybridization barrier between apple (Malus × domestica) and pear (Pyrus spp.) belonging to different genera in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. Pollination experiments revealed that Pyrus pyrifolia (Japanese pear) pollen is compatible with Malus pistils, whereas Pyrus communis (European pear) pollen is not. These results imply there is a distinct cross-(in)compatibility reaction occurring in Pyrus species. Based on the varying pollen tube behaviors among Pyrus species, genetic analysis was conducted to identify the genomic region responsible for the intergeneric barrier. Malus–Pyrus intergeneric hybrids were used to detect distorted segregation regions by combining genome sequencing and fine-scale genotyping data. We defined a single locus on chromosome 5, in which P. pyrifolia-derived alleles were exclusively inherited to the intergeneric hybrids from the Pyrus interspecific hybrid. Of the 235 genes in this genomic region, 80 exhibited a specific pollen-expression pattern, including genes involved in self-incompatibility reactions. These candidate genes are herein discussed regarding their possible functions related to reproductive isolation.

The Genotypes of Polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat Loci Revealed by Whole-genome Resequencing Data of 30 Pyrus Accessions

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are widely used in cultivar identification, genetic relationship analysis, and quantitative trait locus mapping. Currently, the selection of hybrid progeny plants in molecular marker-assisted breeding mostly relies on SSR markers because of their ease of operation. In Pyrus, a large number of SSR markers have been developed previously. The method to identify polymorphic SSRs quickly is still lacking in cultivated as well as wild pear species. We present a large number of polymorphic SSRs identified using a quick in silico approach applied across 30 cultivated and wild accessions from Pyrus species. A total of 49,147 SSR loci were identified in Pyrus, and their genotypes were evaluated by whole-genome resequencing data of 30 Pyrus accessions. The results show that most SSR loci were dinucleotide repeat motifs located in intergenic regions. The genotypes of all SSR loci were revealed in all accessions. A total of 23,209 loci were detected, with more than one genotype in all Pyrus accessions. We selected 702 highly polymorphic SSR loci to characterize the pear accessions with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.67, suggesting that these SSR loci were highly polymorphic. The genetic relationship of Pyrus species in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree and population structure showed a clear division between the oriental and occidental accessions. The population structure split all oriental pears into two groups: cultivars and wild accessions. These new findings of the polymorphic SSR loci in this study are valuable for selecting appropriate markers in molecular marker-assisted breeding in Pyrus.

Synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles: Effects on rhizogenesis

The aim of this work was to investigate the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) as nanocarriers for plant auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and determine the effects on rhizogenesis in micro cuttings of different Pyrus species. Auxin loaded nanoparticles (IAA-nZnO and IBA-nZnO) were characterized for particle size, morphology, thermal behavior and chemical structure. A high loading capacity was observed for both auxins (˜90%). Bioactivity assays were performed by using micro cuttings of Pyrus genotypes (Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall and Pyrus communis L.) under aseptic conditions by dilute solution soaking method. In vitro rooting efficiency was increased at least two folds for the difficult-to-root wild pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pallas) with IAA or IBA loaded ZnO nanoparticles. In this genotype, the highest rooting percentage was achieved for IBA-nZnO and IAA-nZnO at 400 mgL−1 concentration as 50.0% and 41.7%, respectively. Thus, auxin loaded ZnO nanoparticles could be used as efficient nanocarriers in agricultural applications.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Eriobotrya fragrans

Eriobotrya fragrans Champion ex Bentham is a potential medicinal plant of the genus Eriobotrya Lindl in the family Rosaceae. To better determine its phylogenetic location with respect to the other Rosaceae species, the complete chloroplast genome of E. fragrans was sequenced. The whole E. fragrans chloroplast genome is 159,286 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,343 bp, one large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,301 bp, and one small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,299 bp. The overall GC content of the whole chloroplast genome is 36.7%. Further, phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood with TVM + F+R2 model strongly supports the relationship: sisterhood of E. fragrans and E. japonica, followed by three species of Pyrus L.

Development of a highly efficient Axiom\u2122 70 K SNP array for Pyrus and evaluation for high-density mapping and germplasm characterization

BackgroundBoth a source of diversity and the development of genomic tools, such as reference genomes and molecular markers, are equally important to enable faster progress in plant breeding. Pear (Pyrus spp.) lags far behind other fruit and nut crops in terms of employment of available genetic resources for new cultivar development. To address this gap, we designed a high-density, high-efficiency and robust single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for pear, with the main objectives of conducting genetic diversity and genome-wide association studies.ResultsBy applying a two-step design process, which consisted of the construction of a first ‘draft’ array for the screening of a small subset of samples, we were able to identify the most robust and informative SNPs to include in the Applied Biosystems™ Axiom™ Pear 70 K Genotyping Array, currently the densest SNP array for pear. Preliminary evaluation of this 70 K array in 1416 diverse pear accessions from the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, OR identified 66,616 SNPs (93% of all the tiled SNPs) as high quality and polymorphic (PolyHighResolution). We further used the Axiom Pear 70 K Genotyping Array to construct high-density linkage maps in a bi-parental population, and to make a direct comparison with available genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data, which suggested that the SNP array is a more robust method of screening for SNPs than restriction enzyme reduced representation sequence-based genotyping.ConclusionsThe Axiom Pear 70 K Genotyping Array, with its high efficiency in a widely diverse panel of Pyrus species and cultivars, represents a valuable resource for a multitude of molecular studies in pear. The characterization of the USDA-NCGR collection with this array will provide important information for pear geneticists and breeders, as well as for the optimization of conservation strategies for Pyrus.

Finding a Compatible Partner: Self-Incompatibility in European Pear (Pyrus communis); Molecular Control, Genetic Determination, and Impact on Fertilization and Fruit Set.

Pyrus species display a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system that actively prevents fertilization by self-pollen. The GSI mechanism in Pyrus is genetically controlled by a single locus, i.e., the S-locus, which includes at least two polymorphic and strongly linked S-determinant genes: a pistil-expressed S-RNase gene and a number of pollen-expressed SFBB genes (S-locus F-Box Brothers). Both the molecular basis of the SI mechanism and its functional expression have been widely studied in many Rosaceae fruit tree species with a particular focus on the characterization of the elusive SFBB genes and S-RNase alleles of economically important cultivars. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of GSI in Pyrus and provide new insights into the mechanisms of GSI breakdown leading to self-fertilization and fruit set. Molecular analysis of S-genes in several self-compatible Pyrus cultivars has revealed mutations in both pistil- or pollen-specific parts that cause breakdown of self-incompatibility. This has significantly contributed to our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms that underpin self-incompatibility. Moreover, the existence and development of self-compatible mutants open new perspectives for pear production and breeding. In this framework, possible consequences of self-fertilization on fruit set, development, and quality in pear are also reviewed.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of High-Copy-Number LTR Retrotransposons in Asian Pears.

A large proportion of the genome of ‘Suli’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) contains long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), which suggests that LTR-RTs have played important roles in the evolution of Pyrus. Further analysis of retrotransposons, particularly of high-copy-number LTR-RTs in different species, will provide new insights into the evolutionary history of Pyrus. A total of 4912 putative LTR-RTs classified into 198 subfamilies were identified in the ‘Suli’ pear genome. Six Asian pear accessions, including cultivars and wild species, were resequenced. The comparison of copy number for each LTR-RT subfamily was evaluated in Pyrus accessions, and data showed up to four-fold differences for some subfamilies. This contrast suggests different fates for retrotransposon families in the evolution of Pyrus. Fourteen high-copy-number subfamilies were identified in Asian pears, and more than 50% of the LTR-RTs in the genomes of all Pyrus accessions were from these 14 identified LTR-RT subfamilies. Their average insertion time was 3.42 million years ago, which suggests that these subfamilies were recently inserted into the genome. Many homologous and specific retrotransposon insertion sites were identified in oriental and occidental pears, suggesting that the duplication of retrotransposons has occurred throughout almost the entire origin and evolution of Pyrus species. The LTR-RTs show high heterogeneity, and their copy numbers vary in different Pyrus species. Thus, our findings suggest that LTR-RTs are an important source of genetic variation among Pyrus species.

Development of an integrated 200K SNP genotyping array and application for genetic mapping, genome assembly improvement and genome wide association studies in pear (Pyrus).

SummaryPear (Pyrus; 2n = 34), the third most important temperate fruit crop, has great nutritional and economic value. Despite the availability of many genomic resources in pear, it is challenging to genotype novel germplasm resources and breeding progeny in a timely and cost‐effective manner. Genotyping arrays can provide fast, efficient and high‐throughput genetic characterization of diverse germplasm, genetic mapping and breeding populations. We present here 200K AXIOM ® PyrSNP, a large‐scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array to facilitate genotyping of Pyrus species. A diverse panel of 113 re‐sequenced pear genotypes was used to discover SNPs to promote increased adoption of the array. A set of 188 diverse accessions and an F1 population of 98 individuals from ‘Cuiguan’ × ‘Starkrimson’ was genotyped with the array to assess its effectiveness. A large majority of SNPs (166 335 or 83%) are of high quality. The high density and uniform distribution of the array SNPs facilitated prediction of centromeric regions on 17 pear chromosomes, and significantly improved the genome assembly from 75.5% to 81.4% based on genetic mapping. Identification of a gene associated with flowering time and candidate genes linked to size of fruit core via genome wide association studies showed the usefulness of the array in pear genetic research. The newly developed high‐density SNP array presents an important tool for rapid and high‐throughput genotyping in pear for genetic map construction, QTL identification and genomic selection.

Development of the chloroplast genome-based InDel markers in Niitaka (Pyrus pyrifolia) and its application

Pears (Pyrus spp.) are one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions and are self-incompatible. Large numbers of interspecific hybrids occur naturally and, have been artificially produced in breeding programs. Also, many pear cultivars were generated from intraspecific crossing. Some varieties have been cultivated for a long time, but their breeding history remains unknown. The P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka is one of key varieties in the Korean pear breeding program. Therefore, its complete chloroplast (cp) genome was determined, and its phylogenetic relationships with other Pyrus species and P. pyrifolia cultivars were addressed. The cp genome has a total of 133 genes, including 93 protein-coding genes, 32 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. We found many SNPs in the ‘Niitaka’ cp genes when compared with that in another Korean cultivar ‘Wonwhang’ (BioSample SAMN05196235). The primer sets for six genes that had two or more SNPs in their sequence were used to amplify and sequence 27 Pyrus and one Malus cultivars. Of these, we found dramatic InDel polymorphisms in the ndhA and clpP genes. Phylogenetic relationships using the sequences of these two genes in 28 samples showed that they could mainly be classified into two groups of P. pyrifolia. Group I constitutes Niitaka and all cultivars that contain chloroplast maternally inherited from Niitaka, and group II constitutes the other cultivars of P. pyrifolia. We have developed a useful polymorphic molecular marker to confirm the maternal parent in the interspecific hybrids of Niitaka and previous mothers of Niitaka, (such as Amanogawa). Furthermore, these two genes could identify and greatly aid in understanding the subspecies classification in Pyrus.

Changes in Sugar Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Different Pear Cultivars During Cold Storage

This study evaluated the changes in sugar metabolism and fruit quality of different pear cultivars during cold storage using seven major commercial pear cultivars belonging to different Pyrus species, such as P. bretschneideri Rehd. (“Huangguan,” “Yali”), P. pyrifolia Nakai. (“Wonhwang,” “Hosui”), P. ussuriensis Maxim. (“Jingbai,” “Nanguo”), and P. communis L. (“Bartlett”). The firmness, respiration rate, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, sugar content, and enzyme activity of the seven pear cultivars were investigated. SPSS was used for analyzing the significance of different indexes. Results showed that fructose was the dominant sugar, accounting for > 60% of total sugars, followed by glucose and sucrose. The respiration peak of almost all cultivars appeared within 60 days. The levels of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total soluble solids increased within 90 days and then generally decreased. Acid invertase showed the highest activity among all pear cultivars, followed by neutral invertase, sucrose synthetase, and sucrose phosphate synthetase during storage.

Taxonomic and biogeographic notes on the genus Pyrus L. (Rosaceae): a new record and a new synonym, with data on seed morphology

Species of the genus Pyrus distributed in Europe include P. communis L., P. pyraster, P. nivalis Jacq., and P. cordata Desv. subsp. cordata. Pyrus pyraster is occasionally regarded as a variety or subspecies of P. communis. However, a molecular study has recently demonstrated that P. communis is more closely related to P. caucasica and P. nivalis, rather than to P. pyraster.  In this study, Pyrus pyraster is reported from Turkey for the first time. Pyrus vallis-demonis, a species recently described from Italy, is here reduced to a synonym of Pyrus pashia based on morphology. Also, we discuss seed ornamentation of Pyrus pashia and a closely related taxon, P. cordata subsp. boissieriana, to achieve a better understanding of taxonomy in the group.

Assessment of variability within and among four Pyrus species using multivariate analysis

The morphological diversity and relationship of 48 accessions belonging to four Pyrus species including 25 P. communis, 11 P. glabra, 8 P. syriaca and 4 P. pyrifolia accessions were evaluated from different regions of Iran by using 32 morphometric traits of the trees and the fruits. Significant diversity was observed not only among the samples of different species, but also among the accessions in the same species. Several fruit characteristics including weight and dimensions of fruit, curvature of stalk, width of eye basin as well as tree attributes including thorns of shoots, width of leaf blade, and curvature of longitudinal axis were among the traits with high level of variation among the accessions. P. pyrifolia and P. glabra had the highest and the lowest fruit weight, dimensions and juiciness, respectively. There was significant positive correlation between fruit weight and leaf dimension and negative correlation between fruit weight with fruit firmness and TSS/TA. The shape of base, length and width of leaf blade were also negatively correlated with fruit firmness. According to principal components analysis (PCA), seven components accounted for 82.95% variance. Fruit size and texture as well as leaf size were prevalent in the first component with 41.82% of total variance and had the highest power of discrimination; they were the most useful traits for genetic characterization of Iranian pear germplasm. Bi-plot and cluster analysis divided the accessions into three main groups according to the species source with accessions from the same geographical areas, being more closely related and clustered in the same sub-groups. Our results provide useful information about morphological relationships of Pyrus spp. in Iran and indicate that there are high phenotypic (and presumably genetic) diversity in Iranian pears that merit conservation action and utilization in the breeding programs.

Structural and Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Pyrus hopeiensis-"Wild Plants with a Tiny Population"-and Three Other Pyrus Species.

Pyrus hopeiensis is a valuable wild resource of Pyrus in the Rosaceae. Due to its limited distribution and population decline, it has been listed as one of the “wild plants with a tiny population” in China. To date, few studies have been conducted on P. hopeiensis. This paper offers a systematic review of P. hopeiensis, providing a basis for the conservation and restoration of P. hopeiensis resources. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of two different genotypes of P. hopeiensis, P. ussuriensis Maxin. cv. Jingbaili, P. communis L. cv. Early Red Comice, and P. betulifolia were sequenced, compared and analyzed. The two P. hopeiensis genotypes showed a typical tetrad chloroplast genome, including a pair of inverted repeats encoding the same but opposite direction sequences, a large single copy (LSC) region, and a small single copy (SSC) region. The length of the chloroplast genome of P. hopeiensis HB-1 was 159,935 bp, 46 bp longer than that of the chloroplast genome of P. hopeiensis HB-2. The lengths of the SSC and IR regions of the two Pyrus genotypes were identical, with the only difference present in the LSC region. The GC content was only 0.02% higher in P. hopeiensis HB-1. The structure and size of the chloroplast genome, the gene species, gene number, and GC content of P. hopeiensis were similar to those of the other three Pyrus species. The IR boundary of the two genotypes of P. hopeiensis showed a similar degree of expansion. To determine the evolutionary history of P. hopeiensis within the genus Pyrus and the Rosaceae, 57 common protein-coding genes from 36 Rosaceae species were analyzed. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship between the genera Pyrus and Malus, and the relationship between P. hopeiensis HB-1 and P. hopeiensis HB-2 was the closest.