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Abstract
Species of the genus Pyrus distributed in Europe include P. communis L., P. pyraster, P. nivalis Jacq., and P. cordata Desv. subsp. cordata. Pyrus pyraster is occasionally regarded as a variety or subspecies of P. communis. However, a molecular study has recently demonstrated that P. communis is more closely related to P. caucasica and P. nivalis, rather than to P. pyraster.  In this study, Pyrus pyraster is reported from Turkey for the first time. Pyrus vallis-demonis, a species recently described from Italy, is here reduced to a synonym of Pyrus pashia based on morphology. Also, we discuss seed ornamentation of Pyrus pashia and a closely related taxon, P. cordata subsp. boissieriana, to achieve a better understanding of taxonomy in the group.
Highlights
Rosaceae is widespread throughout the world but the family diversified mainly in the Northern Hemisphere
Central Asia and Afghanistan, while oriental pears are widespread in East Asia
Pyrus pashia is accepted as a link between Occidental and Oriental pear species [Rubtsov, 1944; Zheng et al, 2014] because it is native to China, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, the western part of Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Afghanistan [Gu & Spongberg, 2003], and have been recently recorded from northeastern Iran [Zamani et al, 2009]
Summary
Rosaceae is widespread throughout the world but the family diversified mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Pyrus taxa are divided into Occidental and Oriental pears in accordance with geographical distribution [Bailey, 1917] and this was confirmed by later phylogenetic studies [Korotkova et al, 2018]. Pyrus pashia is accepted as a link between Occidental and Oriental pear species [Rubtsov, 1944; Zheng et al, 2014] because it is native to China, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, the western part of Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Afghanistan [Gu & Spongberg, 2003], and have been recently recorded from northeastern Iran [Zamani et al, 2009].
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