Pylorus Ligation Research Articles

Antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Bombacopsis glabra (Pasq.) A. Robyns. Leaves (Bombacaceae) in rat

The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of the hydroalcoholic extract ofBombacopsis glabra leaves in rat. The mucoprotector effect of B. glabra leaves hydroalcoholic extract was studied by evaluating its ability to protect the mucosa from aggression of repeated oral administration of indomethacin at a dose of 30 mg/kg while pylorus ligature was used to study its anti-secretory effect. The results show that hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of B. glabra, at doses 300 and 600mg/kg, decrease the surface area of lesions induced by indomethacin from 6.2 observed in the control group animals to 2.51 and 1.19 0.073 mm² respectively, in the treated animals (p 0.05). The extract decreases gastric acidity by increasing the pH of the gastric content from 1.7 0.03 of the control animals to 2.27 3.59 0.11 of the animals that received the extract at dose 300 and 600mg/kg respectively (p<0.05). These results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of B. glabra leaves possesses an anti-secretory effect and acts as a mucoprotector, and therefore has an antiulcer activity. The alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, or polysaccharides in the extract could be responsible for this activity.

Evaluation of Siphomeris lingun Bojer (Rubiaceae) anti gastric ulcer activity in rat

This work was carried out to evaluate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Siphomeris lingun. Gastric ulcer was induced by two methods: 100 mg/kg/day of indomethacin administered orally for 5 days, and pylorus ligation. The study was done on rat, the S. lingun extract was administered orally at the doses 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg. The results of this study indicate that S. lingun reduces indomethacin induced mucosa lesion surface area. It is equal to 24.12 ± 0.21 mm2 in control group, versus 15.32 ± 0.12, 9.13 ± 0.25 and 5.22 ± 0.26 mm2 in animals treated with the extract at doses 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg (p<0.05), and 6.30 ± 0.12 mm2 in animals treated with misoprostol at the dose of 1.4 µg/kg. It also reduces gastric content acidity. The pH is equal to 2.64 ± 0.31 in the control group, versus 4.81 ± 0.25, 5.2 ± 0.31 and 5.9 ± 0.12 in the groups treated with the extract at doses 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg (p<0.05), and 6.34 ± 0.26 for the positive control group treated with cimetidine at the dose of 100 mg/kg. These results reveal the anti-gastric ulcer action of S. lingun extract, justifying its use in traditional medicine. Alkaloids and flavonoids in it might be responsible of this activity.

A Comparative Evaluation of Various Therapies of Synthetic Drugs with Amla and Honey Combination for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract: Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is disorder of oesophagus that causes ulcer and erosion. Materials and Methods: A comparison based on the in vivo study was carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of herbal formulation using Amla and Honey in combination with Pantoprazole and Rebamipide for the treatment of GERD. The effects of all above mentioned medications were also checked on intestinal motility. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the antispasmodic activity of Amla and Honey in comparison to acetylcholine by isolated rat ileum. In pylorus ligation GERD model, mono-therapy was performed by giving herbal formulation of Amla and Honey. In combination therapy Pantoprazole and Rebamipide, Amla and Honey with Pantoprazole and Rebamipide were given and their therapeutic efficacy was observed at the ends of 14 days. In charcoal meal motility test the distance travelled by charcoal in intestine was measured. Results and Discussion: Combination therapy have highest therapeutic efficacy in comparison to mono-therapy of natural combination of Amla and Honey against Pantoprazole and Rebamipide. In vitro antispasmodic activity revealed that Amla and Honey formulation decreased the contractility pattern in concentration dependent manner against acetylcholine. In charcoal meal motility test highest intestinal motility were observed in Amla and Honey and can be given in GERD for easily digestion of food from stomach. Conclusion: Herbal combination of Amla and Honey in comparative evaluation decreases the Gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal mobility, and show anti-spasmodic activity in isolated rat’s ileum. However, these combinations serve as a more potential agent for decreasing all the factors responsible for the reflux disease. Keywords: Combination therapy, Mono-therapy, Pantoprazole, Rebamipide, Mucosal.

Herbal Combination 'HAGE-101912' Ameliorates Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Rats.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder. In this era of modern and fast-track lifestyle and food habits, the incidence of GERD is rapidly increasing. Currently, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary choice of treatment. However, the associated side effects and a high relapse rate give rise to the need to explore alternative therapies. The study aimed to evaluate HAGE-101912, an herbal combination, in different experimental models of GERD. Antacid activity was assessed based on H+/K+ATPase inhibitory activity of parietal cells using artificial gastric juice. Tonic contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was evaluated using an AD Instrument. A GERD model of the pylorus and fundus ligation (preventive and curative models) in rats was selected to assess the efficacy of HAGE-101912 at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, and various parameters such as the gastric pH, gastric volume, total acidity, gross esophageal ulcer index, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The prokinetic activity was assessed using the phenol red method. HAGE-101912 increased the acid-neutralizing capacity (P < 0.001), decreased H+/K+ATPase activity (P < 0.01), and increased the contraction of the LES. In the preventive model, HAGE-101912 significantly reduced the gastric acid volume (P < 0.01), total acidity (P < 0.001), and gross esophageal ulcer index (P < 0.01); increased the gastric acid pH (P < 0.01); and protected the esophageal epithelium. In addition, HAGE-101912 increased gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit through its prokinetic activity (P < 0.05). HAGE-101912 has a beneficial effect in GERD as it effectively inhibits the H+/K+ATPase, increases the gastric pH, restores the LES function, protects the esophageal epithelium, and increases gastric emptying and transit.

Antigastric ulcer activity of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven (ONAGRACEAE) hydroalcoholic extract

Ludwigia octovalvis is used to treat stomachache in Malagasy traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of its hydroalcoholic leaf extract in rats. Pylorus ligation and indomethacin-induced models were used to evaluate its anti-secretory and mucoprotective activities. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and Misoprostol (1.43 µg/kg) were used as the standard drugs. The extract was administered orally at doses 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg. The extract exhibited significant ulcer inhibition in indomethacin-induced ulcer model. The lesion surface area of the control group mucosa is equal to 6.2 ± 0.50 mm2, versus 4.32 ± 0.1, 2.75 ± 0.10 and 1.12 ± 0.05 mm2 in rat treated with the extract, and 2.1 ± 0.1 mm2 for the rats treated with misoprostol (p&lt;0.05). It also reduces the gastric content acidity, which is equal to 2.79 ± 0.1 in control group, to 3.13 ± 0.1, 3.25 ± 0.2 and 5.31 ± 0.2 in the animals treated with the extract and 5.79± 0.1 for the animals treated with cimetidine (p&lt;0.05). The extract showed significant reduction in mucosa lesion surface area and gastric content acidity, dose dependent compared to control.

Evaluation of Antiulcer activity of Alcoholic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum (Linden andre) G.S. Bunting

Plants kingdom provides rich source of bioactive phytochemicals which are effective resources that are screened for deve. This plant is native to South eastern Asia and New Guinea. The plant is popular as traditional anticancer preparation in Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, this plant also finds its application in the treatment of ascites, cancer and skin diseases. The current study was carried out to investigate the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanolic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum in Wister rats. Investigation of antiulcer activity of the ethanolic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum was carried out on pylorus ligated and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models by oral administration of extract at the dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight. Parameters such as percentage of inhibition of ulcer, ulcer indices were evaluated in ethanol induced ulcer model using Sucralfate (100mg/kg) as the standard drug, while volume of gastric secretion, free acidity, total acidity, pH were assessed in pylorus ligated ulcer model using Omeprazole (30mg/kg) as standard. The extract showed significant (p&lt;0.05) dose dependant reduction in ulcer indices in ethanol induced ulcer model at the tested doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg, exhibiting maximum gastroprotection of 73.94% at the dose of 400mg/kg which were comparable with that of sucralfate which showed gastroprotection of 87.9%. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, in comparison with the vehicle control group there was significant decrease in total acidity, free acidity, ulcer index, gastric volume and rise in gastric pH were observed in the animals treated with extract at the doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. The plant extract showed highest gastroprotectivity of 71.3% at the dose of 400mg/kg whereas standard drug Omeprazole showed 81.5%. This study showed that ethanolic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum exhibits gastroprotective and antiulcer activity. Therefore, not only confirmed the traditional usage in the treatment of gastric ulcers, also provided the proof that this plant extract can be incorporated in the development of phytoformulations for the treatment of ulcers of the stomach.

Evaluation of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Corchorus capsularis seeds for its Anti-ulcer activity on Albino Wistar Rat

The objective of present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Corchorus capsularis seeds. Mainly hyper secretion of gastric acid and pepsin causes ulcer in patients. Plant extracts and polyherbal formulations are two of the most appealing sources of new drug. This type of extract formulations are showing good results in the treatment of gastric ulcers. In this study anti-ulcer activity was investigated by pyloric ligation, aspirin and stress induced gastric ulcer in albino wistar rats. The extract was given at the dose of 250mg/kg (CCLD- Corchorus capsularis low dose) and 500mg/kg (CCHD- Corchorus capsularis high dose) in all the experimental models. Ranitidine (150mg/kg) was used as standard drug. CCLD and CCHD showed 37.49% and 63.14% ulcer inhibition respectively, whereas ranitidine 69.69% against pylorus ligation induced ulcer. In aspirin induced ulcer model the extract showed ulcer inhibition 48.64% and 64.00% in CCLD and CCHD respectively whereas the standard drug ranitidine exhibited 84.64% ulcer inhibition. In stress induced ulcer model CCLD, CCHD and ranitidine exhibited 48.64%, 64.00% and 84.64% ulcer inhibition respectively. In all the models ethanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis seeds has shown significant anti-ulcer activity in dose dependent manner.

Evaluation of mechanism(s) of action underlying the antioxidant and antiulcer activity of Sesamum indicum leaves extract in experimental rats.

The current study aimed to estimate phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant activity, and gastroprotective activity of Sesamum indicum Linn ethanolic extract. The current study was held out by ulceration induced by pylorus ligation and indomethacin-induced ulcer screening models in Wister albino rats. The screening of antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of S. indicum leaves (EESIL) at the different amounts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg; per orally for 7 days) was compared with omeprazole as a usual antiulcer drug. Additional parameters such as gastric content, pH, total acidity, pepsin activity ulcer score, free acidity, ulcer index (UI), % inhibition of ulcers, mean mucin, pepsin content, and total protein content were observed. In the pylorus ligation model, the pepsin activity free acidity, pepsin content, UI, total acidity, ulcer score, total protein content, and percentage ulcer inhibition were considerably decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and mean mucin and gastric content pH extensively elevated (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) in EESIL tested groups in the comparison of the control group. Doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of EESIL showed dose-reliant gastro protective outcomes, a considerable (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) decrease in gastric parameters as UI and ulcer score and induction in gastric pH and percentage inhibition of ulcer compared with the control group. Antioxidant, anti-Ulcer, EESIL, and EESIL show antioxidant activity at different concentration. The fallout of the study indicated that the EESIL had improved antiulcer potential due to the decrease in offensive factors and increase in defensive factors.

First Evidence of Gastroprotection by Schinus molle: Roles of Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandins, and Sulfhydryls Groups in Its Mechanism of Action.

Schinus molle is a plant traditionally used in Mexico to treat gastric disorders. However, no scientific evidence has been reported on its gastroprotective effect. The aim of the current contribution was to conduct a bioassay-guided study on S. molle to evaluate its gastroprotective activity in a model of Wistar rats given ethanol orally to induce gastric lesions. The hexane and dichloromethane extracts from the tested plant showed over 99% gastroprotection at a dose of 100 mg/kg. From the hexane extract, two of the three fractions (F1 and F2) afforded over 99% gastroprotection. The F1 fraction was subjected to column chromatography, which revealed a white solid. Based on the ESI-MS analysis, the two main compounds in this solid were identified. The predominant compound was probably a triterpene. This mixture of compounds furnished about 67% gastroprotection at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Pretreatment with L-NAME, indomethacin, and NEM was carried out to explore the possible involvement of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and/or sulfhydryl groups, respectively, in the gastroprotective activity of the white solid. We found evidence for the participation of all three factors. No antisecretory activity was detected (tested by pylorus ligation). In conclusion, evidence is herein provided for the first time of the gastroprotective effect of S. molle.

A Comparative Study on Mono-therapy and Combination Therapy of Additive Drugs (Rebamipide and Pantoprazole) with Amla and Honey combination for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Intestinal motility

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is digestive disorder of oesophagus. Reflux of food damage oesophagus and cause oesophageal ulcer and erosion. The treatment strategy starts by giving natural formulation and synthetic drugs. A comparison based on In-vivo study was carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of herbal formulation using Amla and Honey in combination with Pantoprazole and Rebamipide for the treatment of GERD, The effects of all above mentioned medication was also checked on intestinal motility. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the antispasmodic activity of Amla and Honey in comparison to acetylcholine by isolated rat ileum. In pylorus ligation GERD model mono-therapy was performed by giving herbal formulation of Amla and Honey. In combination therapy Pantoprazole and Rebamipide, Amla, Honey with Pantoprazole and Rebamipide were given and their therapeutic efficacy was observed at the ends of 14 days. In charcoal meal motility test the distance travelled by charcoal in intestine was measured. At the end of study it was concluded that combination therapy have highest therapeutic efficacy in comparison to mono-therapy of natural combination of Amla and Honey against Pantoprazole and Rebamipide. In In-vitro antispasmodic activity Amla and Honey formulation decreased the contractility pattern in concentration dependent manner against acetylcholine. In charcoal meal motility test highest intestinal motility were observed in Amla and Honey and can be given in GERD for easily digestion of food from stomach.

Evaluation of Anti-ulcer activity of Polyherbal preparation in Ulcerogenic Wistar rats

Ulcer is painful open discontinuation or breaking on the skin or mucous membrane that destruct the organ from doing its normal functions. Ayurvedic preparations are in lead because of side effects of allopathic drug. This polyherbal combination was prepared by using previous studies that showing the individual plant have antiulcer activity but there is no polyherbal combination of them. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of polyherbal preparation using wistar albino rats against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer and ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Rats were treated at the doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight using polyherbal extract and the effect was compared with omeprazole (10mg/kg) as standard drug. The ulcer index was reduced by the extract there was significant difference at dose of 200mg/kg (p˂0.05) and 400mg/kg (p˂0.01) in ethanol induced ulcer model and 200mg/kg (p˂0.05) and 400mg/kg (p˂0.05) in pylorus ligation model when compared to the disease control group animal. The antiulcer activity as seen by reduction in gastric juice volume, percentage of ulcer protection, ulcer index, increase free acidity, total acidity, and pH. This polyherbal preparation shows antiulcer activity because these plants have antioxidant, antisecretory and cytoprotective activity. So, we can conclude that the polyherbal preparation has good antiulcer activity.

Evaluation of antiulcer activity of herbal drugs on experimental animal: Myrica nagi (Myricaceae)

The anti-ulcer activity of Methanolic extract of Myrica nagi (Myricaceae) fruit MEMN was investigated in pylorus ligation and methanol-induced ulcer models in Wistar rats. In both models, the common parameter determined was ulcer index MEMN at doses of 200,400 mg/kg p.o produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by Aspirin-induced ulcers &amp; pylorus ligation-induced ulcers. The extract (200, 400 mg/kg) showed a significant (P &lt; 0.001) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to the control. This present study indicates that Myrica nagi fruit extract has potential antiulcer activity in both models. These results may further suggest that methanolic extract was found to possess antiulcer genic as well as ulcer healing properties.

Comparative study between ethanolic and chloroform extracts of mucuna pruriens seeds extract in male wistar rats for the screening of anti-ulcer activity

Background: Well documented neuroprotective profile as well as antioxidant potential of mucuna pruriens seeds with lesser side effects, we are intended to compare study between ethanolic (MPEE) and chloroform extracts (MPCE) of mucuna pruriens seeds extract in albino Wistar rats for the screening of anti-ulcer activity. Materials and methods: The pylorus ligation induced ulcer was used to explore the activity of the ethanolic and chloroform extract. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were selected and grouped them among normal control, standard (Omeprazole; 20mg/kg) and treatment groups (MPEE; 50 mg/kg and MPCE; 50 mg/kg) respectively. Results: In our study, the chloroform and ethanolic extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens showed antiulcer efficacy as evidenced by a considerable decrease in gastric volume, free and total acidities, ulcer index, and pH. Consequently it might be predicted that both the extracts prevent suppress gastric damage induced by aggressive factors. Preventive anti-oxidants like catalase (CAT) enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) constitute the first line of defense in order to combat reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: The ethanolic and chloroform extracts were significantly inhibited the growth of ulcers. Based on the findings, it was determined that the ethanolic extract had superior antiulcer activity over the chloroform extract. In comparison to ulcer control rats, the administration of herbal extract (50 mg/kg p.o.) raised CAT, SOD, and GSH levels, indicating its efficiency in reducing free radical-induced damage. The preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, and tannins in the ethanolic extract, whereas glycosides, sterols, triterpines and tannins in the chloroform extract. The MPEE exhibited a better ulcer protective activity than the MPCE extract.

Effect Of Plasmodium Berghei Parasitaemia On Laboratory Induced Gastric Ulcer In Mice

Background: Malaria is an important infection in Africa affecting all age groups although its severity depends on the relative immunity of the individual. Malaria has been found to have effects on the gastric mucosa, which include congestion with capillary stasis, necrosis, ulceration and haemorrhage. This study aimed at the effect of malaria parasitaemia on laboratory induced gastric ulcer in mice.Methods: Thirty-six mice divided into 6 groups thus: Group 1. no malaria parasite and ulcer (control); Group 2. Parasite without ulcer; Group 3. Parasite and ulcer; Group 4. Ulcer without parasite; Group 5. Parasite, ulcer and chloroquine treatment; and Grop 6. Parasite,ulcer and Artemether treatment. These were used for the study. The mice were parasitized with 20% innoculum of Plasmodium berghei and ulcer induced with 70% alcohol and pylorus ligation. Parameters such as degree of parasitization, ulcer diameter, gastricacidity and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured in the various groups and comparison made where necessary. The experimental part of the study took 18 days.Results: The severity of ulceration in the group with ulcer and parasite (11 ± 1.72 mm); and group with ulcer but no parasite (3.62 ± 1.6mm) was compared and was significant (p = 0.002). The groups with parasite showed gradual reduction in the packed cell volume (PCV) as the parasite load increased while the group without parasite showed increase in PCV over the time of study. The ulcer diameters in the groups treated with chloroquine (4.83 ± 2.48mm) and Artemether (5.00 ± 0.89) was not statistically significant (p = 0.889). The restoration of PCV was better for the treated group than the untreated group. The pH of the gastric content in the untreated group was lower than the treated groups. The parasite clearance by chloroquine and artemether was significant (p = 0.04) compared to the untreated groups.Conclusion: Malaria parasitaemia has a significant influence on gastric ulceration, PCV and to some extent gastric secretion. Chloroquine and artemether are sensitive drugs to Plasmodium berghei.

Antiulcer Activity and Isolation of Chemical Constituents from Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Ficus Bengalensis

Aims: The screen the antiulcer activity and to isolate the phytoconstituents of stem bark extract of Ficus bengalgensis.&#x0D; Methodology: The cleaned, dried and powdered stem barks of Ficus bengalgensis were subjected to extraction. The extracts were then packed into column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents and they were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopy. Invivo antiulcer activity were performed by 4-H pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer methods.&#x0D; Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies showed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates. Isolation of extracts led to give compounds like triterpenoid, a steroid and a flavonoid. The extract was found to be safe up to 2000mg/kg body weight. Antiulcer activity was found significant at level P=05 when compared with control models in experimental animals.&#x0D; Conclusion: From petroleum ether extract isolated alpha-amyrin acetate, stigmasterol and quercetin from chloroform extract. The presence of triterpenoids, steroids and flavonoid might be responsible for the antiulcer activity of the stem bark extract of Ficus bengalgensis.

Antioxidant and Antiulcer property of different solvent extracts of Cassia tora Linn.

Aim: The fundamental objective and goal of the current research is to determine the effectiveness of Cassia tora in the treatment of gastric ulcers in order to produce an anti-ulcer medication of natural origin. Method: The plant material was successively extracted by the Soxhlet extraction technique with chloroform, methanol, butanol and water. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts and the standard drugs were based on consideration of the radical scavenging influence of the stable "1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl" (DPPH) free radical action and hydrogen peroxide process. Two models, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory induced ulcer and pyloric ligation, were analysed for methanolic extract of Cassia tora for its antiulcer activity. Results: Among all the extract, the percent of DPPH inhibition at 200 μg mL-1 for MECT extracts (Cassia tora methanolic extract) was 58.67±1.95. The overall scavenging potential for the H2O2 process was 68.23±0.19 at 200 μg mL-1 by MECT extract. Hence MECT extract was undertaken for the antiulcer property. Compared with control, there was a significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in free acidity, gastric volume, and total acidity in the extract-treated classes and ranitidine (standard). The Cassia tora methanolic extract demonstrated significant (p&lt;0.05) inhibition activity, i.e. 59.42 and 69.59 percent at 500 mg mL-1 with the PL (Pylorus ligation) and NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) process respectively. Conclusion: The findings of present study provide the scientific evidence to Cassia tora as a strong antiulcer and antioxidant agent.

Folic acid protects and heals gastric mucosa: role of acid output, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic and growth factors

BackgroundFolic acid modulates gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders via a number of suggested gastroprotective mechanisms. Gastric acid, inflammation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis play significant role in gastroprotection and restoration of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity following injury. This two-section-study assessed (1) acid output, parietal cell mass, neutrophil infiltration and inflammation after 6 h pyloric ligation, and (2) healing via inflammation, mucosa cell proliferation and angiogenesis in acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in albino Wistar rats upon pre-treatment with Folic acid (FA).ResultsFolic acid significantly lessens the mucosa injury associated with pylorus ligation in a dose-dependent manner. Acid output, parietal cell mass and neutrophil infiltration reduced significantly when compared with the control group. In the acetic acid ulcer group, FA equally reduced ulcer severity (p < 0.05). Moreover, EGFR and Ki-67 were enhanced, while CD31 and Factor VIII were significantly enhanced only on day 10. Also, EGF and VEGF were enhanced, but TNF-α and IL-1β were suppressed in favour of IL-4 and IL-10 dose-dependently in both studies.ConclusionThese results suggest that folic acid supplementation protects the stomach mucosa with reduced gastric acid and inflammation, and also accelerates the healing of ulcers via enhanced mucosal cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

Evaluation of anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts of Urtica simensis in rats

BackgroundGastric ulcer is a major public health problem globally and associated with severe complications including hemorrhages, perforations, gastrointestinal obstruction, and malignancy. Urtica simensis is widely used for traditional management of gastric ulcer in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of U.simensis in rats. MethodsThe leaf extracts were prepared using decoction (aqueous) and maceration (80% methanol) techniques and in vivo anti-gastric ulcer effects of various doses of U. simensis extracts and the effect were determined using the pylorus ligation, indomethacin and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models. ResultsIn pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model, both aqueous and 80% methanol extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were exhibited significant reduction in total acidity, volume of gastric secretion (p < 0.001) and substansial rise in pH (p˂0.05) of the gastric secretion. In indomethacin induced ulcer model, both aqueous and methanol extracts were exhibited dose dependent increment in gastric wall mucus compared to control (p < 0.001). In ethanol induced ulcer model, all doses of extract produced significant increment in gastric wall mucus from 46.66 ± 0.96 (AQ100) to 75.87 ± 1.52 (ME 400) μg alcian blue/g wet stomach. Five days pre-treatment with 200 mg/kg of both and aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.001) ulcer inhibition in both indomethacin and ethanol-induced ulcer models. ConclusionBoth extracts of U.simensis exhibited a promising anti-gastric ulcer activity in all of the three models and this findings supports for traditional claimed use of the leaf of U. simensis.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment and evaluation of the gastro-protective activity of polyherbal formulation \u201cMystomate4\xae\u201d against gastric ulcer in experimental laboratory animal

BackgroundUlcer remains a health challenge worldwide with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors as major management therapy. The study investigated the acute, sub-chronic toxicity and gastrointestinal protective activity of a polyherbal formulation (Mystomate4®) used locally in Nigeria.MethodsOral LD50 and the sub-chronic toxicity test were determined in mice and rats. Mice were grouped into 8 groups of 8 mice each. They were dosed a graded concentration of the formulation (1.28, 2.56; 5.12; 10.24; 20.48; 40.96; 81.92; 163.84 g/kg body weight). The graded dose used was arrived at after an initial pilot study. Thereafter doses were chosen around the dose obtained from the pilot study. Animal were dosed orally and observed for sign of toxicity and number of death recorded after 24 h. The sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out for 3 months in rats at a dose of 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight arrived at by titrating down the LD50 value after which some vital tissues were harvested and assessed for toxicity using relevant biomarkers. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated in rats using ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models. Data were analysed with Graph Pad Prism version 5.0 using appropriate statistical method and significant level placed at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe acute toxicity study showed an LD50 result of 22,837.21 g/kg. The sub-chronic toxicity study resulted in a significant reduction in body weight due to significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in feed consumption. Biochemical analyses of the blood samples showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in creatinine and albumin level in the 2.5 mg/kg female group. ALT was significantly increased in all the treated rats except in 2 mg/kg female rats. Alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in high dosed male (HM) group while blood urea:creatinine ratio was significantly lowered in all the treated groups. There was a significant increase in serum TGL in all rats while LDL was significantly increased and decreased in HM and high dosed female (HF) respectively.ConclusionMystomate4® showed significant protection against ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models but did not modify the gastric parameters in pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model. The polyherbal formulation is nontoxic with promising potentials for treating experimental peptic ulcer.

Investigation on Anti-Ulcer Activity of Momordica dioica Fruits in Wistar Rat

To present study was carried out to investigate antiulcer activity of Ethanolic extract of Momordica dioica fruits in pylorus ligatated and Cold stress induced ulceration in the wistar rats. Pylorus ligation induced ulcer is one of the most widely used methods for studying the effect of drug on gastric secretion. Effect of distilled water in pylorus ligation has caused the accumulation of gastric sectretion and decreased the pH. Ranitidine and Ethanolic extracts of Momordica dioica significantly decreased the gastric volume, total acidity, free acidity, ulcer score, number of ulcer and ulcer index and raise the pH (shown in graph. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,).Similar studies support our results. Ethanolic extract of Momordica dioica at a dose of (400mg/kg. p.o) showed significant inhibition of ulcerative lesion by 46.33% and 54.66%, respectively, as compared to the control value The Ethanol extract of Momordica dioica fruits possess significant antiulcer properties in a dose dependent manner.