Psychophysiological Level Research Articles

Измененные состояния сознания в психологии спорта: гипноз, суггестия и аутосуггестия

The article is devoted to the problem of studying and applying the phenomena of suggestion, auto-suggestion and altered states of consciousness in modern sports psychology. A brief excursion into the history of the use of altered states of consciousness in elite sports is given. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations and specificity of different methods using suggestion and auto-suggestion in the framework of psychological support for athletes of various sports are discussed. The article also raises questions about the methods of assessing the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical interventions with athletes using hypnosis and self-hypnosis, as well as verification of suggestive influences at the psychophysiological level. Finally, the article discusses the ethical aspects of using altered states of consciousness in the framework of psychological support for athletes and the prospects for popularizing sports hypnosis.

Matrix of sustainability of the person

In article the matrix of an algorithm of a research of sustainability of the person is provided. 125 terms characterizing sustainability of the person are taken as a basis. Two hypotheses are for this purpose formulated. The first hypothesis tells about lack of a uniform paradigm of studying a phenomenon sustainability. The second hypothesis approves a possible general way of a research of a phenomenon of sustainability of the person in psychology. In article the factor model of sustainability of the person defining approach to formulation of a matrix is provided. Follows from a matrix that methods of the analysis and diagnostics must show numerical value of sustainability of the person. In a matrix factors of psychophysiological, psychological and psychosocial levels of living and human activity are put. Therefore, in article it is told about psychophysiological, psychological and psychosocial sustainability. They form the general sustainability of the person. In article the author suggests entering a uniform symbol of designation of sustainability of the person - Ω. In the conclusion of article, the author suggests combining efforts for forming of uniform approach in a research of a phenomenon of sustainability of the person.

The psychology of sustainability: factors and functional model for research

Two hypotheses are presented in article. Hypothesis 1: The psychology of sustainability is person ability to retain health at the psychophysiological, psychological, and psychosocial levels of life under the influence of destroyers. As it appears from a hypothesis, we allocate three main a factor - psychophysiological, psychological, psychosocial. These factors form uniform model of a research of sustainability of the person. Two formulas by which it is possible to determine the general sustainability of the person and private sustainability are presented in article. Empirical data which can be interesting to much are provided in table 1. In it different age and social categories of the respondents choosing any given factor are presented. The hypothesis 2 represents the dynamic party of sustainability of the person. The dynamic side of sustainability is presented by three phenomena - it is process, this state, this property. These phenomena are peculiar to each factor of sustainability of the person. In the conclusion of article, it is indicated the separate direction in psychology - «Psychology sustainability».

THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: CURRENT SITUATIONS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOHYGIENIC IMPROVEMENT

The aim: To develop the key principles of psychohygienic improvement of the processes of personality formation and enhancement of the quality of life of pupils and students of modern educational institutions of various types. Materials and methods: While working out the basic principles of psychohygienic correction of the processes of personality development and improvement of the quality of life of pupils and students of modern educational institutions of various types, we have conducted surveys of the adolescent boys and girls studying at five modern educational institutions in Ivano-Frankivsk city, namely Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk Finance Commercial Cooperative College named after Stepan Hranat, Ivano-Frankivsk State Music School named after Denys Sichynskyi, Ivano-Frankivsk Vocational Lyceum of Road Transport and Construction No. 15, and Ivano-Frankivsk Boarding Lyceum for Gifted Young People from Rural Areas. A total of 420 pupils and students studying at different types of educational institutions took part in the survey. They were in both natural and preformed conditions due to application of the program of psychophysiological effects on the body, psychohygienic correction of personality development processes and improvement of the quality of life of pupils and students. Results: While conducting the research, we have noted that the practical application of the program of psychophysiological effects on the body, psychohygienic correction of personality development processes and improvement of the quality of life of pupils and students occurs at mental, personal and psychophysiological levels of the adolescent boys and girls, anticipating correction of emotional, motivational and behaviour-based key characteristics of personality, psychophysiological adaptation and quality of life, thus being a platform for development of creative potential, self-analysis, self-expression and self-control skills, as well as discovery of positive landmarks and meaning of life of the boys and girls. Conclusions: The obtained data demonstrate that implementation of the program of psychophysiological effects on the body, psychohygienic correction of personality development processes and improvement of the quality of life of pupils and students, which includes: study of the level of development of psychophysiological functions, personality characteristics and indicators of the quality of life in each of the participants as well as taking into account the leading areas of their development within certain frameworks of educational process (the milestone of psychodiagnostics and assessment of the level of development of psychophysiological functions and personality traits); performing a set of exercises to relieve muscle spasms, isometric and respiratory gymnastics, as well as exercises of asymmetric gymnastics (the milestone of physical impact); application of psychophysiological component (the milestone of psychophysiological influence); introduction of a psychohygienic component (the milestone of psychohygienic correction) serves the basis for creating the foundation for activating positive changes in the peculiarities of psychophysiological and mental adaptation and characteristics of the quality of life of modern youth at educational institutions of various types.

Analysis of airmen disadaption factors after combat stress exposure

Abstract. Factors of disadaptation of pilots after combat stress are analyzed as one of the main factors in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. It was found that the effects of combat stress have a great impact on young, thin pilots, with a predominance of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and a reduced basic metabolism of the body. The data obtained allow for early diagnosis and identification of functional disorders in pilots for their medical and psychological rehabilitation. The use of the proposed discriminant function can be divided into adapted and unadapted (differently processing traumatic experience), for the development of appropriate rehabilitation programs within their medical and psychological rehabilitation. The revealed decrease in the reserve capabilities of the Central nervous system and the adaptive capabilities of the body of pilots subsequently leads to a decrease in the reliability of the professional activity of the pilot with an increase in its physiological price. In terms of methodology, understanding the postponement of the negative impact of combat stress factors on the pilots body requires constant measures for early detection and correction of emerging functional disorders. The consequences of combat stress are considered as an integral reaction of the body to the complex impact of various factors of combat stress, which is manifested at the psychophysiological and somatic levels and leads to early disqualification of pilots for medical reasons.

Schema therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy versus individual supportive therapy for depression in an inpatient and day clinic setting: study protocol of the OPTIMA-RCT

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder represents (MDD) a major cause of disability and disease burden. Beside antidepressant medication, psychotherapy is a key approach of treatment. Schema therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially personality disorders, in a variety of settings and patient groups. Nevertheless, there is no evidence on its effectiveness for MDD in an inpatient nor day clinic setting and little is known about the factors that drive treatment response in such a target group.MethodsIn the current protocol, we outline OPTIMA (OPtimized Treatment Identification at the MAx Planck Institute): a single-center randomized controlled trial of schema therapy as a treatment approach for MDD in an inpatient and day clinic setting. Over the course of 7 weeks, we compare schema therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy and individual supportive therapy, conducted in individual and group sessions and with no restrictions regarding concurrent antidepressant medication, thus approximating real-life treatment conditions. N = 300 depressed patients are included. All study therapists undergo a specific training and supervision and therapy adherence is assessed. Primary outcome is depressive symptom severity as self-assessment (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and secondary outcomes are clinical ratings of MDD (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), recovery rates after 7 weeks according to the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview, general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory), global functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule), and clinical parameters such as dropout rates. Further parameters on a behavioral, cognitive, psychophysiological, and biological level are measured before, during and after treatment and in 2 follow-up assessments after 6 and 24 months after end of treatment.DiscussionTo our knowledge, the OPTIMA-Trial is the first to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy as a treatment approach of MDD, to investigate mechanisms of change, and explore predictors of treatment response in an inpatient and day clinic setting by using such a wide range of parameters. Insights from OPTIMA will allow more integrative approaches of psychotherapy of MDD. Especially, the identification of intervention-specific markers of treatment response can improve evidence-based clinical decision for individualizing treatment.Trial registrationIdentifier on clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03287362; September, 12, 2017

Organisation of physical education in universities for students with disabilities: Modular approach

Introduction. Traditional approaches to the implementation of physical education (PE) curriculum for students with disabilities in higher educational institutions do not allow students to fully develop their psychomotor activities and to keep at full preparedness to be involved in health preservation activities. The lack of scientifically grounded provisions and effective methods of educational process organisation of students’ physical education affects the quality of physical education at the university. The key to the problem solution is the idea of realisation of continuing health preservation education principles in the framework of PE curriculum. This allows educators to organise physical education curriculum content as ranging from rehabilitation and correctional activity to physical fitness, and later by doing sports and training activities.The aimof the present publication is to reveal the essence of developing and designing a modular-based physical education curriculum for university students with disabilities.Methodology and research methods. The current study is based on the guiding principles in the field of adaptive physical education, which demonstrate the possibility of motor activity development of a person with disabilities, taking into account the biological patterns of functioning of a human body. The application of person-centered and activity-based approaches allowed the authors to consider a student as an actor of educational activity, who is capable of independent development and realisation of personal growth strategy through physical improvement. A differentiated approach to PE educational process construction made it possible to provide reasonable distribution of physical activity in accordance with the student’s functional and psycho-physiological characteristics and own level of fitness. The employment of modular approach to the curriculum building helped develop the PE system, taking into account the principles of continuing health preservation education. In the course of the research the following methods were applied: content analysis of scientific and methodological literature and normative documentation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems for a body functional state assessment with the help of “OMAS”1 hardware and software complex and Medicor KTD-2. Also, the authors used the methods of mathematical statistics to process the study results. The received data were processed with Microsoft Office Excel. The evaluation of the validity of differences in the average values of the studied indicators was performed according to Student’s t-test at a significance level of 5%. The growth rates of indicators were calculated according to Brody’s formula.Results and scientific novelty. On the basis of a modular approach, the authors developed and presented PE curriculum in higher educational institutions adapted for students with disabilities. The curriculum consists of three modules: indicative, corrective and specialised. The content of each module is revealed through four continuous periods of academic training – evolving, leading, basic and supporting. Such structure allows for gradual increase in the volume and intensity of physical activity through basic testing methods: pedagogical assessment, current check, progress check, intermediate assessment, as well as solution of specific issues of adaptive PE. The implementation of the proposed curriculum helps significantly increase adaptive and resource potential of a student with special needs.Practical significance. The proposed model of modular-based PE curriculum in higher educational institutions adapted for students with disabilities can be applied for development and implementation of PE curricula in educational organisations of any educational level.

A review on psycho physiological impacts of yoga on Anxiety in undergraduate students

Undergraduate students are defenseless against a basic period in formative development, confronting thorough scholastic work, and figuring out how to work autonomously. Physical exercises, for example, running and bicycling have been appeared to improve temperament and alleviate pressure. In any case, understudies regularly have low degrees of physical movement. Yoga is an antiquated physical and mental movement that influences temperament and anxiety. Be that as it may, considers looking at the psycho physiological impacts of yoga are uncommon in peer-checked on diaries. The point of this examination is to build up fundamental proof for the psycho physiological impacts of yoga on worry in youthful grown-up understudies. The current investigation proposes that yoga effect sly affects a psycho physiological level that prompts diminished degrees of worry in undergrad. Further research is expected to look at the degree to which various kinds of yogic practices address the necessities of various school subpopulations.

AДAПТAЦIЯ МAЙБУТНIX ПEДAГOГIВ ДO ПРOФECIЙНOЇ ДIЯЛЬНOCТI ЯК ПРEДМEТ ПCИXOЛOГIЧНOГO ДOCЛIДЖEННЯ

У cтaттi здiйcнeнo пcиxoлoгiчний aнaлiз фeнoмeну aдaптaцiї мaйбутнix пeдaгoгiв дo прoфeciйнoї дiяльнocтi пiд чac їxньoгo нaвчaння у зaклaдi вищoї ocвiти. Пiд прoфeciйнoю aдaптaцiєю дo пeдaгoгiчнoї дiяльнocтi вчeнi рoзумiють прoцec aктивнoї взaємoдiї ocoбиcтocтi мaйбутньoгo пeдaгoгa тa пeдaгoгiчнoгo ceрeдoвищa, cпрямoвaний нa пiдтримку їxньoї динaмiчнoї рiвнoвaги, щo зaбeзпeчує eфeктивнicть пeдaгoгiчнoї дiяльнocтi, рoзвитoк шкiльнoгo кoлeктиву i ocoбиcтocтi пeдaгoгa, йoгo прoфeciйну caмoрeaлiзaцiю.
 Aдaптaцiя дo прoфeciйнoї дiяльнocтi являє coбoю прoцec дocягнeння oргaнiчнoї єднocтi мiж нoрмaтивнo зaкрiплeними вимoгaми дo пeдaгoгiчнoї дiяльнocтi тa влacними пoтрeбaми, iнтeрecaми i мoжливocтями cтудeнтiв як мaйбутнix пeдaгoгiв. В рeзультaтi тaкoї єднocтi cпocтeрiгaєтьcя фoрмувaння cиcтeми прoфeciйниx знaнь, вмiнь, нaвичoк мaйбутнix пeдaгoгiв, рoзвитoк їxнix прoфeciйниx якocтeй, cфoрмoвaнicть прoфeciйнoї мaйcтeрнocтi тa кoмпeтeнтнocтi; єднicть пeдaгoгa з учнями тa пeдaгoгiчним кoлeктивoм; вирoблeння cтiйкoгo пoзитивнoгo cтaвлeння дo прoфeciї, зрiлicть фaxiвця i caмoрeaлiзaцiя ocoбиcтocтi.
 Aдaптaцiя дo прoфeciйнoї дiяльнocтi трaктуєтьcя вчeними як зaключний eтaп прoцecу прoфeciйнoї oрiєнтaцiї, як кoмплeкcнa cиcтeмa зacoбiв, cпрямoвaнa нa нaдaння дoпoмoги людинi в йoгo приcтocувaннi дo пcиxoлoгiчниx, oргaнiзaцiйниx, тexнoлoгiчниx умoв прoфeciйнoї дiяльнocтi у кoнкрeтнoму зaклaдi iз врaxувaнням йoгo cпeцифiки, щo пoзитивнo вiдoбрaжaєтьcя нa прoфeciйнoму cтaнoвлeннi. Як пoкaзує прaктикa, прoфeciйнa aдaптaцiя нa пcиxoфiзioлoгiчнoму, влacнe прoфeciйнoму, coцiaльнo-пcиxoлoгiчнoму тa ocoбиcтicнoму рiвняx пoчинaєтьcя пiд чac нaвчaльнo-виxoвнoгo прoцecу у вишi. Пcиxoфiзioлoгiчний рiвeнь aдaптaцiї пeрeдбaчaє вxoджeння cтудeнтiв в умoви нaвчaльнoї дiяльнocтi у вишi, пoв'язaнi з eмoцiйнo-пcиxiчним нaпружeнням. Влacнe прoфeciйнa aдaптaцiя вiдoбрaжaє рiвeнь взaємoдiї мaйбутнix фaxiвцiв iз прoфeciйнoї ceрeдoвищeм, якe здiйcнюєтьcя у двox нaпрямкax. Пeршe нaпрям пeрeдбaчaє aдaптaцiю дo нoвиx умoв нaвчaння у вишi, другий – пoлягaє у рoзкриттi змicту тa ocoбливocтeй пeдaгoгiчнoї дiяльнocтi. Нa цьoму рiвнi cпocтeрiгaєтьcя aдaптaцiя дo нaвчaльнoї, нaукoвo-мeтoдичнoї тa oргaнiзaцiйнo-виxoвнoї видiв дiяльнocтi. Тoбтo пeрший нaпрям пeрeдбaчaє фoрмувaння бaзoвoгo пcиxoфiзичнoгo, мoрaльнoгo тa iнтeлeктуaльнoгo пoтeнцiaлу, нeoбxiднoгo для eфeктивнoї прoфeciйнoї трудoвoї дiяльнocтi; прoфoрiєнтaцiю мoлoдi; дoпрoфeciйну пiдгoтoвку.

Effect of the mobile phone-related background on inhibitory control of problematic mobile phone use: An event-related potentials study

The present study aims to provide electrophysiological evidence for deficient inhibitory control in problematic mobile phone use and to investigate whether reduced inhibition is more pronounced during exposure to a mobile phone related background cue. A screen scale of smartphone addiction was completed by 227 college students, and finally an experimental group and a control group consisting of 20 problematic mobile phone users and 19 controls were included in the study. Event-related potentials were recorded during a backgrounded Go/NoGo task performed by those two groups, in which either a frequent Go signal (letter “M”) or a rare NoGo signal (letter “W”) was superimposed on three different background cues: neutral, mobile phone application-related and mobile phone using-related pictures. Results showed that problematic mobile phone users performed more commission errors than controls following mobile phone application background. Furthermore, problematic mobile phone users displayed a weaker NoGo P3 amplitude than controls on the mobile phone application background. The result might suggest that there is no general impairment of inhibitory control in problematic mobile phone use. The deficient inhibitory control on behavioral and psychophysiological level appeared merely in the mobile phone-related background. Such deficient stimuli-specific inhibitory control appears at the late stage of inhibitory control. Prevention programs should be designed to curtail exposure to the mobile phone-related stimulus and enhance cognitive control of potential problematic mobile phone users.

ПРОБЛЕМА ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СУЧАСНОЇ ЛЮДИНИ

У статті проаналізовано чинні підходи щодо профілактики психологічного здоров’я людини та запропоновано авторський комплекс психопрофілактичних методик, що складається з двох частин: ті­лесно орієнтованих та психологічних вправ. Пропонований психопрофілактичний комплекс спрямований на розслаблення центральної нервової системи, покращення статури та тілесної моторики, сприяє зміні змісту соціально-психологічних установок: психологічному й духовному самовдосконаленню людини. Доведено, що гармонізуючи статуру та моторику тіла за допомогою тілесно орієнтованих вправ, людина покращує своє психоемоційне самопочуття. Обґрунтовано, що під впливом психологічних вправ («Вислов­лення почуття подяки», «Побажання добра», «Прийняття рішення») формується почуття єдності з на­вколишнім середовищем, знижується рівень конфліктності та тривоги, зменшується гострота симптомів депресії, покращується сон. На психофізіологічному рівні зазначені вправи заспокоюють лімбічну систему, активізують передню поясну кору та префронтальну кору головного мозку, що контролює діяльність смугастого тіла. Доведено, що в умовах сучасного суспільства, де культивується егоцентричний та споживацький спосіб життя, авторський комплекс психопрофілактичних вправ створює передумови психічного та духовного розвитку людини до рівня зрілої особистості. Обґрунтовано, що зріла особистість уособлює норму психологічного здоров’я: вона спонукається інтересом цілого та враховує позицію Інших, відчуває відповідальність перед майбутнім, а отже здатна ухвалювати рішення, орієнтуючись на довготривалі цілі та моральні норми, психологічно готова до будь-яких життєвих ситуацій, вона сповнена почуттям вдячності, а функціонування мозку вирізняється продуктивною взаємодією нейронних зв’язків: її префронтальна кора є активною і коригує діяльність смугастого тіла, тобто свідомість контролює несвідомі імпульси та звички

DEPENDENCE OF HUMAN RESILIENCE ON THE FEATURES OF TEMPERAMENT AND CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR

Abstract. The article considers "human resilience" as a meta-ability. The difficulty of comparing research results due to various psychological approaches and methods is noted. The necessity of studying not only the socio-psychological and psychological levels of human resilience, but also its psychophysiological level is substantiated. The author offers a level and component structure of human resilience. The data of an empirical study are presented aimed at studying the conditionality of human resilience by the features of temperament and control of behavior. The control of behavior is considered the ability for voluntary and conscious self-regulation, emotional intelligence and coping mechanisms determined by cognitive, emotional and volitional abilities. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: Self-regulation profile questionnaire, J. Strelau Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (OSS – WCQ), EmIn emotional intelligence questionnaire, Resilience Research Center Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM). Results. As a result of multiple regression analysis of the data, crucial individual characteristics of resilience (within the considered components) were identified. These include: “General level of emotional intelligence”, “Balance of nervous processes”, “Search for social support” as a coping strategy and “Planning” as a mechanism of subjective self-regulation. It is shown that emotional intelligence, the ability to seek help from other people and independently set life goals can be developed through education and psychotherapy.

The psychology of ustoychivost': a conceptual model of human ustoychivost'

The article presents the author’s approach to understanding the conceptual model of a person ustoychivost', which is based on such concepts as “stability” and “resistance”. Two hypotheses of the exploring are considered. Hypothesis 1: the conceptual model of human ustoychivost’ is based on the concepts "stability" and "resistance", which define the semantic load of the concept "person ustoychivost'". Hypothesis 2: a conceptual model of human ustoychivost' can be created and described if it is based on the psychophysiological, psychological, and psychosocial levels of the organization of human life. In a psychological sense, the author’s definition of ustoychivost’ is formulated: Person ustoychivost’ is his ability to retain health at the psychophysiological, psychological, and psychosocial levels of life under the influence of destroyers. The article presents the ustoychivost’ scale, which can be used as an express assessment of ustoychivost’. The scale is divided into three zones: middle zone - "stability" zone and two extreme zones - "resistance" zones. Among the results, 14 criteria of ustoychivost’ should be singled out, which were identified by respondents (n = 1200) when evaluating their ustoychivost’. The results of the experiment and explanations for them are also presented. Ustoychivost’ author’s conceptual model is presented in conclusion.

Psychology of ustoychivost': numerical scale for assessing human’s ustoychivost' according to the golden ratio rule

Exploring man, the modern psychology of Europe and America began to actively apply the concepts stability and/or resistance that, in Russia psychology, are combined into one concept — ustoychivost’. In modern psychology, there is no methodology for numerically assessing human ustoychivost’. The article presents the author’s scale of numerical evaluation of ustoychivost ’person and outlines an approach to the formation of its road map. Human ustoychivost ’refers to his ability to maintain health at the psychophysiological, psychological and psychosocial levels of life, forming the unity of the individual, personality and the subject of work in a person. Three hypotheses are put forward. Hypothesis 1: it is possible to numerically establish human ustoychivost ' if you create a scale for assessing it by applying the golden ratio rule — the stability scale for the golden ratio (SUGP). Hypothesis 2: if a person subjectively evaluates his ustoychivost ’in the range from 0.382 to 0.618, then objectively he is stability; if a person subjectively evaluates his ustoychivost ’in the intervals from 0.382 to 0 or from 0.618 to 1, then objectively he is resistance. To test the hypotheses put forward, an experiment on a sample of firefighters is presented, which confirms their fidelity, and also indicates the appropriateness of using SUGP in extreme psychology, labor psychology.

METAPHYSICS OF THE SOUL: THE BODY DIVERSITY OF THE PSYCHICS

the structure of the psyche has numerous interpretations, and all because of the multidimensionality of the human soul. The article attempts to integrate different concepts of the structure of the psychical into the single model, presented in the form of a drawing. In this model, various points of view on the nature of the psyche are depicted as layers (planes) that exist not separately from each other, but supposedly spliced. In particular, the first layer – psychic functions (cognitive, emotional and volitional) – cannot function outside the plane of the conscious-unconscious, since only some psychic processes are conscious, and the vast majority are in the sphere of the unconscious. Similarly, every psychic function (from the first layer) has its own inborn source (psychophysical innate abilities) and acquired use (a formed skill that unfolds through the activity of psychophysical innate abilities). And this means that the psyche cannot be studied beyond the problem of the innate-acquired, which is the third plane of our model. Logically from this follows the fourth plane of the psyche – the psychophysiological level, which not only manifests itself through psychosomatic problems, but also generally reflects the material basis of the ideal world of the psyche. In turn, the constant fluidity of mental processes from the innate to the acquired, from the conscious to the unconscious, and vice versa gives the following plane – steady-dynamic, in the study of which the variability of all psychological phenomena is revealed. The deployment of the acquired content of the psyche occurs through the use of mechanisms of interiorization-exteriorization, which, again, is a separate layer of psychic (and – a separate direction of psychological research). The central-forming component in our model is the subjectivity of a person, which has not only been a separate subject of research in different psychological directions, but also forms a methodological basis for the formation of an authentic Ukrainian school of psychology in the future.

THE STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS OF THE PROFESSIONAL RE-ADAPTATION OF A MODERN PERSON

The article discusses the structure and components of professional readaptation from the point of view of its meaningful content, its components in their interrelations and influence on a modern person. The essence and content of the concepts belonging to the synonymic-antonymic series: “adaptation” – “re-adaptation”, “general adaptive syndrome” – “general re-adaptive syndrome”, which are related to stereotypical changes appearing at the psychophysiological level, are clarified. The common and different characteristics of the stages of a modern person’s professional adaptation and re-adaptation are determined. With the help of the appropriate theoretical tools, the features and main peculiarities of non-specific re-adaptation and specific re-adaptation are distinguished. The general methodological and organizational aspects of a modern person’s professional re-adaptation as a process are specified within the context of specific psychogenic factors. The stages of professional re-adaptation are distinguished: incomplete adaptation; relatively stable adaptation; complete adaptation. Particular attention is paid to the reasons and consequences associated with a person’s acute rejection to enter into any stage of professional re-adaptation. The professional readaptation is considered within the following optimal intervals (1-3 months); (3-6 months); (6-12 months). The consequences of going beyond the optimal intervals (the re-adaptive period is longer than 12 months) are specified. The qualitative criteria for professional re-adaptation are revealed with the markers of “healthy” professional re-adaptation and “painful” professional re-adaptation. From the point of view of the subjective evaluation, a modern person’s professional re-adaptation is described as: acquired “imaginary (deceptive, false) adaptation”; acquired “real adaptation that was lost earlier”. The article is focused on the notion of “half-decay” of knowledge and the impact of this phenomenon on the ultimate quality of professional readaptation in the 21st century. The experience of foreign countries as for the time frames of the “half-decay” of knowledge (3-5 years), depending on professions and fields of knowledge, is presented. The prospects for further research include the study of psychophysiological aspects of nonspecific and specific readaptation, depending on the requirements of the labor market, in particular unusual and rare professions.

Efficacy of a Neurofeedback Training on Attention and Driving Performance: Physiological and Behavioral Measures.

Increased attention and lower stress levels are associated with more functional and safe driving behavior, since they contribute to reduce distractibility and risk-taking at the wheel. Previous neuroscience research highlighted that NeuroFeedback (NF) training mediated by wearable devices could be effective in terms of neurocognitive strengthening and attention regulation with a direct effect on driving attentional performance. Thus, this research aims to test the effectiveness of a NF protocol on a sample of drivers, to observe its impact on attentional skills and psychophysiological levels of stress involved in driving behavior. 50 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and active control group. The experimental condition consisted of a 21-day mindfulness NF training with incremental duration sessions. A pre- (t0) and post-treatment (t1) assessment included behavioral, psychometric, neuropsychological, and psychophysiological autonomic measures. Specifically, the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Active Box (AB) device were used to evaluate the everyday driving behavior. Results underlined an improvement in driving behavior performance and a decrease of violations at the wheel of the experimental group (EXPg) at t1 measured, respectively by AB and DBQ. About the autonomic and neuropsychological measure, an increase in heart rate (HR) and an increased accuracy at the Stroop Task were detected: a specific increase of Stroop-related HR was found for the EXPg at t1. Also, reduced reaction times were found in the Multiple Features Target Cancellation for the EXPg at t1. Overall, the EXPg displayed a physiological, behavioral and neuropsychological increased efficiency related to attention as well as a driving-related behavioral improvement after NF training.

Behavioral realism and lifelike psychophysiological responses in virtual reality by the example of a height exposure.

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly gaining importance as a valuable methodical tool for psychological research. The greatest benefit of using VR is generating rich, complex and vivid, but still highly controllable settings. As VR has been found to elicit lifelike psychophysiological and emotional responses, we examined by means of a height exposure whether VR resembles physical reality to the necessary degree to constitute a suitable framework for investigating real-life behavior in a controlled experimental context. As hypothesized, participants behaved in VR exactly as would be appropriate in a real environment: Being exposed to great height, participants walked significantly slower across a virtual steel girder construction protruding from a high-rise building as compared to participants who traversed the very same construction on the ground level. In the height condition, this realistic behavior could be predicted on basis of the participants' trait anxiety. Aligned with the behavioral responses, they showed realistic psychophysiological responses, i.e., an elevated heart rate when exposed to height. Interestingly, participants of the height condition reported a greater sense of presence, which indicates that emotions have an elevating effect on presence. As a conclusion, our findings provide further evidence that VR evokes lifelike responses at both behavioral and psychophysiological level and therefore increases ecological validity of psychological experiments.

Influence of psychological profile in autonomic response of nursing students in their first hospital clinical stays

BackgroundThis research aimed to analyse the psychological profile of nursing students and its relationship with the physiological anticipatory anxiety response at the earliest clinical practices; and to analyse the habituation response at the psychophysiological level of nursing students throughout their first clinical practices. Methods18 students of the first year of Nursing degree were studied in their first clinical stays. Their psychophysiological stress response was evaluated throughout the analysis of the autonomic modulation and their subjective perception to stress at the beginning and at the end of the stays. In addition, an inventory of psychological test was carried out to observe its association with the psychophysiological stress response. ResultsThe results showed that the students presented a large anticipatory anxiety response at the beginning of the stays, as well as an absence of a habituation process during the stay. It was also observed a positive relation between the loneliness perceived and the autonomic stress response. ConclusionThe clinical stays in the hospital performed by first year students of the nursing degree, did not produce the expected habituation response at psychophysiological level. Also, a higher perception of social isolation was significantly related with a higher objective (sympathetic modulation) and subjective (perceived stress) stress responses.

Neuropsychological Study of Resilience of School Graduates of the Region of Ecological Trouble

The article presents the data of neuropsychological research in the framework of a comprehensive study of the resilience of the youth population (secondary school graduates) of the region of ecological trouble – Zabajkal‘skij kraj. The authors consider resilience as a systemic characteristic of the system ‘man–life environment’. The model of resilience including psychophysiological, psychological and personal levels is offered. Standardized psychometric and neuropsychological methods are used to evaluate level’s indicators. School graduates residing in ecologically unfavorable territories identified drift of psychophysiological level in the direction of lower standards and regulatory intensity indicators of psychological and personal levels ofresilience. Using a neuropsychological approach with the aim of finding mechanisms to a reduction of the indicators of the psycho-physiological level of resilience allowed us to determine the presence of signs of deficiency of certain brain areas (posterior frontal and parietal). It was established that with the increase of degree of the ecology trouble territories of research, there is a reliable increase of mistakes ofaccomplishment by test subjects who live on them, the neuropsychological tests investigating visually spatial functions, and also functions of the serial organization of mental activity. Though there is the presence of correlations between indicators of different levels of resilience, but the rating and the explanation by virtue of their disparate data is difficult. The search for correlates, in this case, can be more aimed at proving the possibility of the existence of the proposed model of resilience, its consistency and productivity of the instruments that are used for its study.
 Keywords: neuropsychological study, resilience, level of resilience, ecological trouble, secondary school graduates