METAPHYSICS OF THE SOUL: THE BODY DIVERSITY OF THE PSYCHICS

Abstract

the structure of the psyche has numerous interpretations, and all because of the multidimensionality of the human soul. The article attempts to integrate different concepts of the structure of the psychical into the single model, presented in the form of a drawing. In this model, various points of view on the nature of the psyche are depicted as layers (planes) that exist not separately from each other, but supposedly spliced. In particular, the first layer – psychic functions (cognitive, emotional and volitional) – cannot function outside the plane of the conscious-unconscious, since only some psychic processes are conscious, and the vast majority are in the sphere of the unconscious. Similarly, every psychic function (from the first layer) has its own inborn source (psychophysical innate abilities) and acquired use (a formed skill that unfolds through the activity of psychophysical innate abilities). And this means that the psyche cannot be studied beyond the problem of the innate-acquired, which is the third plane of our model. Logically from this follows the fourth plane of the psyche – the psychophysiological level, which not only manifests itself through psychosomatic problems, but also generally reflects the material basis of the ideal world of the psyche. In turn, the constant fluidity of mental processes from the innate to the acquired, from the conscious to the unconscious, and vice versa gives the following plane – steady-dynamic, in the study of which the variability of all psychological phenomena is revealed. The deployment of the acquired content of the psyche occurs through the use of mechanisms of interiorization-exteriorization, which, again, is a separate layer of psychic (and – a separate direction of psychological research). The central-forming component in our model is the subjectivity of a person, which has not only been a separate subject of research in different psychological directions, but also forms a methodological basis for the formation of an authentic Ukrainian school of psychology in the future.