Psychological Concepts Research Articles

The epistemology-oriented conceptual model of cognitive-semantic universals in related languages

The analytical study of the processes of thinking and awareness of reality is positioned as an actualized psychological direction in linguistics, which arose as a result of the logical transformation of traditional logicism and formalism in the course of the development of speech activity. The purpose of the article is to study the epistemologically oriented conceptual model of cognitive-semantic universals in related languages. In the course of the study, it was found that the previous historical stage was characterized by ignoring the influence of psychophysiological aspects. It has been determined that in the process of transformation the phenomenon of language is interpreted as a reflection of the psychological concept and spiritual activity. It is proved that the cognitive paradigm made it possible to explain the thinking processes that occur during the production of speech with the advent of the cognitive paradigm in linguistics. It is suggested that from a universal point of view, any conceptual area can be studied with the help of elementary concepts. The study has shown that from the standpoint of cognitive grammar, grammatical categories have corresponding prototypical structures. The sphere of conceptual functionality of modern cognitive semantics is distinguished. The cognitive-semantic universality of the basic main category is stated. It is proved that the epistemologically oriented conceptual model of cognitive-semantic universals in related languages is represented by such processes in the lexical composition of a word as generalization (transition from the concrete to the abstract general), narrowing (dynamics from the abstract to the specialized), degradation (depreciation) and polarization (opposition). Promising directions for further scientific research on the subject of the study are actualized, namely, conducting cognitive research that accurately explains the universal conceptual processes occurring in semantics.

Non-Traditional Factors in Debussy's Creation Take the Prelude "Voiles" as an Example

"Voiles" stands as the second piece in Debussy's "Twenty-four Piano Preludes", marking a mature stage in his musical oeuvre. Debussy, as the pioneer of Impressionism style, demonstrates remarkable innovation and personality in contrast to traditional norms. Drawing from the acoustic expressiveness evident in Impressionist piano compositions, this study begins with an exploration of the aesthetic perception of acoustic color. It intertwines this exploration with the psychological concept of "synesthesia", which links time, space and visual perception. Focusing on auditory aesthetic perception of acoustic color, this paper takes “Voiles” as the research object, and analyzes its melody, structure and acoustic characteristics from the perspective of music analysis. In this way, the sound innovation and impressionism style in Debussy's creation can be explored.

Литературное наследие Августина как исследовательское направление в современной науке

The views on the soul in the philosophical-theological thought of Au-relius Augustine (354–430 AD) hold a special place. When considering practically any of his teachings—whether it be his doctrine on the cosmos, time, memory, the relationship between free will and divine predestination, or his philosophy of history and pedagogy—we are inevitably compelled to take them into account or directly engage with them. His works are also associated with the so-called "psychologism" of Augustine, a concept high-lighted by numerous scholars delving into his truly vast creative heritage. The purpose of this paper is to explore the research devoted to the concepts of the soul (both individual and cosmic) in the works of Augustine or related to them. Additionally, it aims to identify works that address the issue of how Augustine's ideas about the soul were perceived in the early Middle Ages, using Cassiodorus [c. 487 – c. 578 AD] as an example. The studies, which encompass the aspects of Augustine’s psychological conception, are examined according to thematic principles, and divided into the following groups: (I) Studies dedicated to the exploration of Augustine’s cosmology, human existence, and soul (Among them: “Augustine’s Philosophy of Mind” by Gerard O’Daly [1987]; “Augustine: Ancient Thought Baptized” by J. Rist [1994]; “The World-Soul and Time in St. Augustine” [1983] and “Augus-tine’s Theory of Soul” [2003] by Roland Teske, and others). (II) Works demonstrating the influence of early teachings, traditions, and texts on Augustine (for example, “The Divine Sense: The Intellect in Patris-tic Theology” [2007] by Anna Williams and “Memory in Plotinus and Two Early Texts of St. Augustine” [1976] by Gerard O’Daly, among others). (III) Studies focused on the examination of individual works of Augustine with regard to their psychological aspects (Including: “An Analysis of Saint Augustine’s De immortalitate animae” [1980] and “The Fall of the Soul in Saint Augustine: A Quaestio Disputata” [1986] by Richard Penaskovic; “Augustine, Conf. IX, 10, 24” [1958] by John Taylor, and others). (IV) Papers indicating Cassiodorus’s reception and assimilation of Au-gustine’s teachings on the soul (e.g., e.g. “The Manuscripts of Cassiodorus’ De anima” [1959] by J.W. Halporn; “Cassiodoro e la grecità” [1986] by A. Garzya, “Il sottofondo culturale del De anima di Cassiodoro” [1995] by R. Masulo, etc.).

Correlation Between Pressure During the Final Week and College Students Positive Psychological Capital

Positive psychological capital (PPC), as a concept of positive psychology, has achieved a great development. It emphasized the positive psychological state of an individual and how it affects their well-being and performance. It contains four parts: hope, efficiency, resilience, and optimism. PPC also has important reference value for judging an individual's mental health status. This paper aims to discover correlation between college students PPC and number of their final exams and papers. The study found that the PPC level of Wenzhou-Kean University college students during the final week did not show a high level of correlation with the number of final tests (NFT)or number of final papers (NFP). The research results can provide a reference for exploring the sources of stress during final week for college students. The outcome of the study can apply the framework to explore the relationship between potential variables and college students' stress, which will promote the study of college students' stress.

Comparison of Self-Esteem in Visually Impaired Adults who Participate in Sport and those who do not: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: Self-esteem is an important psychological concept for mental health. The aim of our study was to compare the levels of self-esteem between visually impaired adults who participate in sports and those who do not. Method: A total of 85 visually impaired adults were included in the study, including 42 who participate in sports and 43 who do not. A personal information form and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for data collection. Results: The mean age of the visually impaired adults who participate in sports was 20.86±3.0 years, while it was 20.88±2.92 years for those who do not participate in sports. Among the visually impaired adults who participate in sports, 22 were female and 20 were male, while among those who do not participate in sports, 26 were female and 17 were male. The analysis revealed that the self-esteem of visually impaired adults who participate in sports was statistically significantly higher than that of those who do not participate in sports (p=0.001). It was also observed that the self-esteem of both female and male visually impaired adults who participate in sports was statistically significantly higher than their counterparts who do not participate in sports (female p=0.001, male p=0.020). Conclusion: It was concluded that participation in sports increases self-esteem in visually impaired adults regardless of gender. In this context, it should be emphasized that participation in sports should be expanded among visually impaired individuals.

The Role of Color Psychology in Interaction Design

Interaction design is a multidisciplinary profession in which psychology plays an important role. The purpose of design is to solve the problem, and a better solution can provide a better user experience, so the key to our user experience lies in the user's psychology. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn period in China, the first theoretical document on design "Kaogong Ji" recorded the "five elements and five colors" (color), and the importance and role of humanistic care for design. Color affects our perceptual system, and color psychology is a subjective feedback to the objective world. On the basis of introducing the concept of color psychology and interaction design, the principles and methods of interaction design are proposed by using color psychology.

Inner Peace: Evaluating a Complementary Program Promoting Intra-Personal Peace at Adelaide Women's Prison, Australia.

The Peace Education Program, created in 2012, is a complementary program with potential to supplement official rehabilitation interventions offered in correctional centers. The program promotes "inner peace" as an innate and universal human resource, but whilst inner peace is a key concept in positive psychology and the Good Lives Model, there is a paucity of research regarding how to operationalize and evaluate this concept. The program had not previously been the subject of independent theoretically-informed research. Drawing on a mixed methods study conducted in Adelaide Women's Prison, this article explores the impact of the program on participants' learning regarding inner peace. Participants reported a greater understanding about inner peace, which they described as contributing to a stronger sense of their identity, enhanced self-esteem and increased self-regulation skills, resulting in reductions in impulsivity and reactive aggression. The quantitative data indicated there was a significant increase in participants' subjective ratings of inner peace before the program (M = 12.08) and post-program completion (M = 14.00) (p < .001). Growth in affect-regulation and anger-management skills may contribute to reductions in offending.

Concept Of Reward And Punishment And Its Implementation In Education In The Modern Era: Perspectives From The Quran And Hadith

Reward, as a positive stimulus, aims to strengthen desired behavior, while punishment, as a negative response, is directed at reducing undesirable behavior. These concepts reflect the ideas of reward and sin in Islam, with the Quran and Hadith providing guidance. The Quran employs terms such as tsawab and ‘iqaab to depict reward and sin. For example, in Surah Ali Imran verse 148, Allah emphasizes the provision of recompense in the world and good rewards in the Hereafter. In the educational context, rewards are not only material but also non-material, such as praise and recognition. Hadith also offers guidance on the concept of punishment in education. For instance, it indicates that educating a child involves specific stages, with physical punishment as an option when a child reaches the age of ten. Despite the allowance for punishment, affection, and gradual learning remain prioritized. In the context of implementing the concepts of reward and punishment in the modern era, the article notes new challenges in education and changes in perspectives on physical punishment. The article also discusses forms of rewards, such as verbal and non-verbal praise, symbols, enjoyable activities, and respect. Punishment is categorized into three types: associative, logical, and normative, with considerations for balance, context, consistency, psychological awareness, and alternative learning. By referencing Islamic teachings and modern psychological concepts, this article illustrates the importance of implementing reward and punishment wisely in the educational context to achieve character formation goals without compromising the psychological well-being of individuals. Keywords: Education, Punishment, Reward, Modern Era

The Effects of Side-Taking on Narrative Entertainment and the Perceptions of Events and Characters

ABSTRACT Media psychologists commonly study how narrative elements (e.g. characters) influence entertainment and perceptions. Research on the sequencing and structure of these elements (i.e. metanarrative; the shape of the story) is less common. In both areas, morality tends to ground theorizing (e.g. disposition theory). To extend knowledge in these domains, we conceptualize and observe the effects of side-taking (i.e. choosing a side during conflict), a core concept in narratives and moral psychology. Dynamic coordination theory explains that side-taking is fundamental to morality because it signals moral judgment/condemnation. In a preregistered experiment (N = 577), we observed how the direction (i.e. siding with/against the protagonists or taking no side) and timing of side-taking (i.e. early, middle, or late in the story) influenced variables at multiple levels of analysis (i.e. micro-to-macro). Although timing did not produce effects, we found robust evidence that the direction of side-taking affected variables at all levels of analysis.

A good enough grip on life in youth

An increasingly large number of Western youth suffer from impaired general well-being and mental health. This is not least compounded by inappropriate use of psychological concepts and methods. They are trying to get a grip on life by, first of all, using psychology in a psychologizing way, which – contrary to the intention – creates an impaired image of one’s self and life, and which is nonpractical, because it is difficult to operationalize and does not point towards what actually can be done to get a good enough grip on own and common life. In this article, we discuss the danger of this inclination for psychologizing and introduce a psychological method which may avoid the psychologizing pitfalls. A research study is presented showing whether high school students can make use of the method, as well as the effect of their use of the method regarding mental health in the form of experienced stress, general well-being, and sense of coherence in life.

From the Phenomenon of Self-Sufficiency to the Mechanisms of Self-Determination

The paper presents a systematic analysis of key explanatory concepts of different levels of abstraction, being used in the psychological and interdisciplinary concepts for the explanation of the phenomenon of self-sufficiency. The phenomenon of self-sufficiency is defined basing on the understanding of person as the instance which human being as an autonomous agent may oppose to both internal impulses and external pressures, biological and social determinants acting both from within and from outside. The closest construct is that of agency. Agency is viewed as personality variable, reflecting the person’s capacity to initiate and control their actions. Agency appears as the explanatory construct as regards the observable phenomenon of self-sufficiency. However, being holistic and indivisible, it, in its turn, needs a more detailed analysis. Such a brief analysis is provided for the psychological constructs of proactivity, autonomy, personal causation and self-determination as well as for more specific theoretical models of intrinsic / extrinsic motivation, phases of a motivated action, personality potential as the potential of autoregulation, and freedom and responsibility as two sides of personal causation and autodetermination, taking shape during the transition from childhood to adulthood. Freedom is treated as the highest form of activity, a side of personal causation and autodetermination which allows us feeling independent of outer pressures and inner impulses. Responsibility is the second side of personal causation and autodetermination, the highest form of autoregulation, associated with viewing oneself as a cause of some events in the world, it is a controlled capacity of producing goal-directed changes in oneself and in the world. In conclusion the construct of personal life position as an integral person’s attitude to one’s own life is introduced. The constructs analyzed in the paper present the multilevel conceptual frame for treating the phenomenon of self-sufficiency.

Conceptualisation of Kurt Levin’s Field Theory in the Transactional Analysis Paradigm

The development of personality psychology requires solving a number of methodological problems, one of which is the need to create a unified model of motivation behind the behavior of individuals. Thus, the ideas of Kurt Lewin have been becoming more and more popular these days, as he was the one who set himself the task of creating and proving the existence of the “Field Theory”, a unified theory of motivation that takes into account not only the internal factors behind behavior, but also the entire complexity of the sociocultural dynamics of reality that influences the individual in a moment. Within the framework of modern transactional analysis as a theory of personality, similar attempts are also made. This article aims to conceptualise the phenomenon of Kurt Lewin’s “field theory” in the paradigm of transactional analysis to describe the main theoretical approaches to understanding the phenomena included in the “field theory”, and compare these elements with selected psychological concepts of the school of transactional analysis. This study examines and compares such phenomena as: communication of charged systems and hidden ulterior transactions, personal life space and structural and functional models of the ego, existence within the field state and temporary symbiosis. This research paper also proposes an analogue of a psychotherapeutic plan based on the model of field change, constructed by Kurt Lewin. Understanding the field theory within the framework of selected TA concepts described in this article can allow transactional analysts to use the ideas of K. Lewin as a basis for developing and creating new theoretical models of motivation for individuals and groups.

Culture and Morality in the Nineteenth Century: The Origins of Modern European Tolerance

This publication aims to analyze the economic, social, and cultural phenomena that first appeared in the "era of revolutions" that occurred in the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The modern European trend toward tolerance, which is the basis of current social and cultural changes, including in our country, has specific intellectual grounds. The subject of the study was the ideosphere of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including philosophical, economic, and psychological concepts that gave rise to modern trends in these areas. The result of this study was the determination of the reasons that caused the change of the ideological paradigm in Europe. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, the intellectual foundations of the formation of tolerance as an actual socio-cultural phenomenon are analyzed. This article consistently proves that among the first such grounds, it is possible to determine the emergence of machine production and, as a result, the appearance of a mass person with a culture corresponding to them, performing a compensatory and entertaining function. The most important cultural foundation is mainly the intellectual "background" created by the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud. The ideas of Anglo-American pragmatism played a significant role in forming a new morality, which included the denial of religion and its values, giving it a utilitarian character. During the subsequent historical period and at present, these views have become the basis for the creation of the so-called "individual faith," in which religion ceases to be the guide of human life but only serves the needs of the individual. The desacralization of religion leads to the study of different aspects of sexuality, which opens up the possibility for modern thinking about gender. The concept of "natural law" should also be attributed to the intellectual factors of the formation of modern European tolerance.

Terminology at the border of linguistics and psychology: to the problem of strict definitions

The article is devoted to an analytical review of ambiguously defined terms and commonly used lexical units related to the mental sphere, which linguists use to some extent. The article reveals in detail the problem of the importance of the strictest possible definitions for such vocabulary when it is used both in linguistic texts and in general in the texts of humanitarian studies. In order to accurately formulate definitions for the twenty lexical units listed in the introduction, the main part of the article provides an independent analysis of basic psychological and semiotic concepts based on current anthropological knowledge. For each of the twenty lexical units, a strict definition is independently formulated. In a number of cases, detailed comments are given on the expected degree of accuracy of the definition, on the shortcomings of possible alternative definitions, on the ambiguity of the lexical unit, etc. In addition to independent definitions of some lexical units, definitions already existing in scientific circulation are given, which are evaluated in the article as successful. At the end of the analytical review, a model of speech communication is formulated in the form of a scheme, based on the conclusions made in the review. The practical orientation of the review is the preparation of a fundamental theoretical basis for a Ph.D. research devoted to the compilation of an original lexical thesaurus for machine sentiment analysis.

The origins of film, psychology and the neurosciences.

The invention of film technologies in France at the end of the 19th century inspired neurologists and associated professionals to engage with this new medium to demonstrate their theories of the brain, the nervous system, and the mind. Beginning with the origins of cinema in Paris, this article explores how film technologies were used at La Salpêtrière, and beyond, to visualise internal mental processes, and to support the burgeoning sciences of the mind. This film-making became increasingly sophisticated by the late 1910s and early 1920s, creating innovative ways to present psychological experiences on film. This article focuses on films produced by Albert Londe, Vincenzo Neri, Gheorghe Marinescu, and Jean Comandon. It argues that these polymaths created new filming techniques that built complexity into the visual articulation of psychological concepts. Their films were essential to shaping early debates in neurology, psychology, and the observational sciences during this critical period in the establishment of the modern sciences of the self.

Psychology of the Concept of Chitta in Yoga

The article titled “Psychology of the Concept of Chitta (Mind Stuff) in Yoga” initially attempts to interpret and describe key terms relevant to it. Here the concept of Psychology means Modern Psychology, the concept Chittaas Mind, Consciousness, Antahakaran (mind, intellect and ego) and product of trigunas (Sattva, Rajas and Tamas), etc. is taken as it mentioned Indian Yogic literature and philosophies as well as Modern Psychology so that the concept of Chitta in the Yoga could also be understood in terms of modern psychology. Hence, to interpret and describe the concept of Chitta as aforesaid, modern psychological perspectives viz., biological psychology, behavioural psychology, psychoanalytical psychology, humanistic and cognitive psychological are taken into account. From discussion, it was concluded that psychologically, Chitta means dynamic organization of mental process that remain static from birth till death yet determines one’s unique personality

Lifelong Learning and Adult Education: A Literature Review

Although lifelong learning is not a new concept, there are various definitions for it. One of the main aims of lifelong learning is to equip people with the necessary talents and skills to continue their self-learning after the end of formal education. Contrary to this definition, which emphasises the period after formal education, another definition emphasizes the whole life; lifelong learning as learning that includes all types of learning experiences in life. In addition, lifelong learning is much more than education. People constantly need to learn on their own to adapt to the new situation after education. Adult education, which is conducted by different educational institutions under the title of lifelong learning, includes activities to improve individuals’ abilities, skills, and knowledge in addition to their formal education. This review study examines the development and changes in the concepts of lifelong learning, adult education, and psychology

Demystifying the Link between Social Media Addiction and Sharing without Verification: The Role of Absentmindedness and Wellbeing

In this paper, we argue that one can understand the adoption and routine use of enterprise systems by examining the fit between the system and the social structures of the organization. We develop a model of the adoption and long- term use of enterprise systems based on sociological concepts (Lord Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory) rather than the usual cognitive psychology concepts. We focus on the adoption and use of three versions of an enterprise KMS to support sales representatives at a multinational pharmaceutical firm. Our first study (a five-year case study of the KMS that went through one failed deployment and two successful ones) shows that the structures of signification, legitimation, and domination all influence loyal use, although domination may be less important. Our second study (a survey of 893 users at the firm) shows that the structures of signification, legitimation, and domination explain about 50 percent of the variance in ongoing loyal use but that their relative importance depends on the job experience of the users: signification and legitimation influence novices more, and signification and domination influence experts more. We believe that this parsimonious three-factor model offers a useful approach for future research and practice.

Application Research of Positive Psychology in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education of College Students

With the continuous deepening and progression of quality education, the standards and requirements of college education management work are also constantly improving. There is a shared responsibility in cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents, developing the innovation consciousness of students, exercising entrepreneurial ability, enriching their entrepreneurial experience, and laying a solid foundation for their future employment and career growth. Based on the perspective of positive psychology, to further improve the quality of dual-innovation education, schools should comprehensively optimize the curriculum system, enrich the content of education, and innovate teaching methods, to stimulate the subjective initiative of students. With this, we can give full play to the important role of positive psychology in dual-innovation education to aid in the efficient implementation of innovation-driven development strategies in our country. Given this, this study combined practical experience and theoretical basis, conducted an in-depth discussion of the concept of positive psychology, analyzed its application value in innovation and entrepreneurship education, and proposed specific implementation strategies.

Философско-психологическое наследие Ивана Александровича Ильина (к 140-летию ученого)

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist, thinker, jurist, public figure, the brightest representative of the Russian religious and philosophical tradition of the 20th century Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. Before his eyes, historical events were unfolding that shocked and changed the minds of people. They inspired the scientist to comprehend the archetypal in man: the problems of good and evil, masculinity and femininity, conscience, service, sacrifice, heroism, love for the Motherland, wisdom, holiness. He created a holistic philosophical and psychological concept of personality, permeated not only with a deep interest in a person, but also with internal unity and harmony. The values embedded in it are opposed to the pragmatic-individualistic ones that are universally dominant today. For this reason, attention to the personality and creativity of the thinker increases every year. Multiple public discussions, frequent citations, appeal to his ideas, especially those related to forecasts and theoretical developments regarding the future of Russia, its national tasks, testify to their importance, prospects, and, in the context of the heat of geopolitical conflicts, their super-urgency. The article discusses the philosophical and psychological ideas of Ilyin regarding the problems of a person's spiritual and moral experience, the psychology of communication, the psychology of conflict, legal consciousness, national identity, the psychology of moral and patriotic feelings, the psychology of education and pedagogical psychology, the causes of the spiritual and moral crisis of mankind and the psychological aspects of the exit out of him. The originality and uniqueness of his approach lies in the emphasis on the national, historical identity of Russia.