Psychological Characteristics Of Children Research Articles

PSİXİ İNKİŞAFINDA LƏNGİMƏ OLAN UŞAQLARIN PEDAQOJİ-PSİXOLOJİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ VƏ YARANMA SƏBƏBLƏRİ

Açar sözlər: psixi inkişafda ləngimə,K.S.Lebedinskaya psixi inkişafın variantları,psixi inkişafda ləngimənin ümumi xüsusiyyətləri, PİL-olan uşaqlarda təlim-korreksiya işi,PİL-in yaranma səbəbləri Pedagogical-psychological characteristics and causes of children with deficiency in development Summary The article presents the pedagogical and psychological characteristics of children with mental retardation, as well as four main variants of slow mental development based on the etiological principle of KS Lebedinskaya in 1982. Many studies have linked the pathogenesis of slow mental development to minimal brain damage, meaning that the damage is less noticeable and the brain disorder is less characteristic. The influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on the causes of mental retardation was emphasized. Key words:mental retardation, KS Lebedinskaya options of mental development, general features of mental retardation, training and correctional work in children with PIL, the causes of PIL

Investigation of sexual crimes against children

Through a documentary methodology close to legal hermeneutics, the article reveals the main problematic aspects of the detection, investigation, and combat of crimes against sexual freedom and the inviolability of children, as well as highlights the main positions of the European Court of Rights in this regard. Ukraine is currently actively discussing the prospect of a comprehensive and stable juvenile justice system, so protecting the rights of the child from the usurpation of sexual freedom and inviolability is an important part of ensuring its functioning. The work aims to establish the characteristics of detection, investigation, and prevention of crimes against the freedom and sexual inviolability of the child and, suggest ways to solve the main problems. The result of this work is to identify specific features of the detection, investigation, and combat of crimes against the freedom and sexual inviolability of the child, while determining the importance of investigative and preventive actions considering the psychological characteristics of children, proposing ways to improve the existing system of protection of sexual crimes. It is concluded that the prevention of these crimes requires multidimensional legal and political action.

Психологическая характеристика детей старшего дошкольного возраста с фонетико-фонематическим недоразвитием речи

The study aims to define the psychological characteristics of preschool children with phonetic and phonemic speech underdevelopment (FFSU). The psychological characteristics of children with FFSU are considered in connection with the preparation for school education. The hypothesis was tested: the psychological characteristics of children with FFSU significantly differ from the psychological characteristics of children with normative speech development; the structure of the correlations of psychological characteristics in the studied groups of children is different. The sample included children with FFSU (N = 30) and children with normative speech development (N = 30). Re-search methods were the Method of Express Diagnostics by N.N. Pavlova, L.G. Rudenko and Test of Anxiety by R. Tammle, M. Dorkey and V. Amen. The study results showed that the differences between children with FFSU and normative speech development manifested themselves at the level of a statistical trend in two parameters. Children with FFSU are inferior to their peers with normative speech development in arbitrariness (p = 0.052), but have a slight advantage over them in the emotional sphere due to a lower level of anxiety (p = 0.083). Correlation analysis confirmed the assumption that the structure of correlation relationships of psychological characteristics in the studied groups of children is different. In conclusion, the psychological conditions for the successful adaptation of children with FFSU to school are determined: the development of arbitrariness, attention, logical thinking, the formation of adequate self-esteem.

Організація сенсорного середовища в роботі з дітьми з розладами аутистичного спектру

The article is dedicated to the peculiarities of application of the method of sensory integration in working with children with autism spectrum disorder. The authors present historical data on the research of the problem of sensory integration, the main psychological characteristics of children with autistic spectrum disorders. It is specified the definition of «sensory integration», criteria of adequate sensory integration in neurotypical people, the fundamental value for the development of which has the operation of four systems that select and analyze information related to the body. The authors of the article outline the peculiarities of the sensory sphere of children with autistic spectrum disorders, the peculiarities of visual, auditory and tactile perception of such children. It is noted that the peculiarities of the sensory sphere of children with autistic spectrum disorders cause learning problems and lead to various types of disadapted behavior. The essence of the method of sensory integration, its contents and tasks are specified. It is determined the basic rules of organization of training sessions applying the method of «sensory integration» and the categories of children with autism spectrum disorders to whom this method should be used first. Moreover, the authors present the main exercises for stimulation of sensory integration. Sensory integration helps develop such skills and psychological entities as concentration ability, emotional organization, abstract thinking, self-acceptance and self-control.

Social-psychological characteristics of children after radical correction of congenital heart disease

Studying the long-term results of surgical correction of CHD in children is an urgent problem in the modern world, since there are currently no uniform criteria for assessing the long-term results of this type of intervention.Objective. To study the social and psychological characteristics of children with congenital heart disease after surgery to predict possible risks of adaptation disorders in the long term period.Material and Methods. Social and emotional functioning of 116 children with congenital heart disease after surgical treatment was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire PEDsQL4.0. Children were divided into two groups: children from families with (group 1) and without unfavorable social and economic factors (group 2).Results and Discussion. Lower indicators of health were observed in group of children with familial history of various unfavorable social and economic factors as well as in children with more complicated defects and comorbidities during threeyear follow-up.Conclusion. Integrated dynamic differentiated observation is essential during the follow-up of patients with congenital heart defects. While creating a rehabilitation program, it is necessary to take into account all components of health, including the psychosocial functioning of the child, and to implement a personalized approach to rehabilitation on this basis.

DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-CONCEPT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

The article raises the question of the development of self-concept of primary school children having cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical approaches of national and foreign scientists studying self-concept are reviewed, factors affecting its formation at primary school age are considered. Special attention is paid to influence of comprehensive school with medical care provision teaching children having cardiovascular diseases. We indicate that the primary school age is one of most important periods for self-concept development and formation, since schoolchildren develop and expand the sphere of their Self. First of all, the position of "I" in relation to society is formed, mental methods are formed (thinking, the ability to analyze, generalize, compare are developed), and certain personal properties are also formed. The psychological characteristics of children with congenital cardiovascular diseases, if they are not accompanied by secondary diseases, do not differ from the psychological characteristics of healthy primary school age children, however, the performed empirical study showed differences for such indicators of the self-concept as Self-real, Self-ideal, self-esteem and its differentiation. This result can be associated with favorable conditions for children’s education at comprehensive school with medical care provision. After the interpretation of the used research methods, we have concluded that primary school age children with cardiovascular diseases studied in comprehensive school with medical care provision, in comparison with healthy children of the same age, have adequate self-esteem of an average level, but healthy children usually have increased self-esteem. Children with cardiovascular diseases have normal, adequate self-esteem and adequate self-concept, but slightly increased anxiety. Research results can be used in work with children having cardiovascular disease and by practical psychologists working with primary school age children. &nbsp

INDICATORS OF PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL SKILLS OF YOUNG SUMO WRESTLERS AGED 7-9

The analysis of modern literature revealed the lack of scientifically based training system for sumo wrestlers of various ages and qualifications, including for the early training phase. The purpοse of the study: to identify indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Research objectives: 1) to study the issue of optimization of the initial training stage for children involved in sumo wrestling, 2) to study the indicators of psycho-physiological peculiarities of children aged 7-9, 3) to identify promising areas for using the data obtained to increase the effectiveness of the training process of the beginners. Methods and organization of the research: analysis of scientific literature; pedagogical observations of training activities; methods of psychological diagnosis ("Psychodiagnostics" program); methods of mathematical statistics. We carried out pedagogical observations of the training activities of children aged 7-10 in Samara. The research included testing of psycho-physiological indicators of 18 children aged 7-9, with 1-2 years of total training experience. We carried out the study of indicators of psycho-physiological qualities of children at the initial stage of training. Results and discussion. Pedagogical observations of the training activities of children have revealed a number of problems occurring at the initial training stage. Due to the lack of a unified concept of multi-year sumo training, different teachers and trainers implement various approaches to the activity management. They use various techniques to control the parameters of physical fitness and training activities. Training programs do not consider the psycho-physiological characteristics of children. It reduces the efficiency of training programs and primary selection. The research substantiated the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Conclusion. Training programs at the initial stage disregard the following major principles connected with this stage: provision of comprehensive training, gradual increase of physical efforts together with its effective control, study of psychological characteristics of children. We identified the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. The obtained materials can be used as guidelines for monitoring the level of manifestation of the psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9.

Study of psychological features of anxiety in adolescents and youth in school and university

The actual topic of modern psychology is the psychological health of students and youth. In further socialization and adaptation in society, a major role is played by the absence of anxiety in the psychological characteristics of children. It is very important that the future generation enters adulthood without a neurotic history. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of the manifestation of anxiety at school and university, its types and specific manifestations is one of the main aspects of the study of modern psychological science. The purpose of the paper is to consider the characteristics of the manifestation of anxiety in students of the fifth, ninth grades and students of the last courses of university. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the types of anxiety of schoolchildren and students, the features of its manifestation in various age and gender groups. The study was conducted using psychological tests to identify the dependence of the level of anxiety on gender, age and the influence of the external environment. The research data were processed using mathematical statistics. The results of the study. A study of the manifestation of anxiety features showed that the school anxiety decreases and interpersonal anxiety increases with age. The data indicate the specificity in the gender characteristics of the manifestation of anxiety. High indicators of anxiety show the need to create special conditions for the upbringing and education of children in educational institutions to prevent it and reduce the level of neuroticism in schoolchildren and students. Discussion and conclusions. The results of the study can be useful to teachers, psychologists, and teachers for understanding the psychological component of the development of schoolchildren and students, for their further successful psychological maturation.

Форми психолого-педагогічної допомоги дітям, які перебувають у травмуючих ситуаціях

The article examines the psychological characteristics of children who are traumatized, the main problems that can be observed in children in these situations. from such families, the history of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance in similar situations is considered. During the writing of the research it was noted that the category of children in crisis situations includes the following: children deprived of parental care, children with immoral habits, children with certain phobias (night fears and nightmares, fear of falling asleep, fear of being alone especially in the dark, unwillingness to be without parents, anxiety related to misunderstanding of death, fantasies about "treatment from death", expectations that the dead may return, assault, concern for their responsibility and / or guilt, children with unusually aggressive or reckless behavior, negativism, delinquent behavior, sexual abuse). Organizational and substantive aspects of providing social and psychological assistance to children in traumatic situations are identified. Effective forms of work with a child in crisis are identified (help in mastering experiences, appealing to self-control; help to identify bodily feelings experienced during the event; joint meetings with children and parents to help children share information with parents - how they feel; encouragement to discuss events related to her feelings and realistic vision of what was.

Психологічні особливості дітей та підлітків, що хворіють на бронхіальну астму

Психологічні особливості дітей та підлітків, що хворіють на бронхіальну астму

Professional Training of a Teacher to the Practical Realization of the Idea of the New Ukrainian School

The article describes the main components of the teacher’s professional training for the implementation of the idea of the New Ukrainian School, the role of integrating the theoretical and practical training of future teachers, and the peculiarities of the introduction of dual education into pedagogical activity. The innovative methods, technologies and forms of educational activity organization during the study of theoretical foundations of pedagogy, the peculiarities of their application in practical and seminary classes, have been separated, in particular, individualized and differentiated learning, group forms of activity, mixed and adaptive learning, a digital storytelling, a personalized learning, an inverted class, a virtual classroom, a gaming education, STEM education, a training, debate, etc. The main aspects that promote the professional competencies of students, their technological and personal readiness, and the formation of a competitive specialist in this field during the pedagogical practice are investigated. The correlation between theory and practice in pedagogical activity has certain regularities. The objective laws of pedagogical activity determine only its main direction. The forms of manifestation of pedagogical patterns are multivariate; in different situations they can be different and determined by specific conditions. The theory of pedagogy gives only a possible choice of methods, techniques, means and forms of content implementation, but can not predict many specific situations, give timely guidance for each case. The integration of theoretical and practical future teachers’ training contributes to activating cognitive activity of students, forming a holistic view of the future profession, creating the optimal conditions for gaining strong knowledge and skills in the work. A student integrates into the school system, improves the theoretical and methodological knowledge, practical skills and examines the age and psychological characteristics of children. The New Ukrainian School is designed to form a person capable of being successful in life, holistic and versatile, initiative, patriot with an active position, an innovator capable of changing the world. To accomplish the above tasks, a professional teacher must possess a range of competencies such as informational, digital, research, civic, linguistic-communicative, social, technological, etc. An educational activity at the institution of higher education is constructed in such a way as to ensure the formation and improvement of the professional competences necessary for the New Ukrainian School teacher. The specificity of the professional training of future teachers is to ensure continuity and integration of the theoretical and practical components of training.

Children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and anorexia nervosa in a tertiary care pediatric eating disorder program: A comparative study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the medical and psychological characteristics of children under the age of 13 years with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) from a Canadian tertiary care pediatric eating disorders program. Participants included 106 children assessed between 2013 and 2017 using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). Data were collected through clinical interviews, psychometric questionnaires, and chart review. Information collected included medical variables (e.g., weight, heart rate, need for inpatient admission, and duration of illness from symptom onset); medical comorbidities (e.g., history of food allergies, infection, and abdominal pain preceding the eating disorder); and psychological variables (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity, self-reported depression and anxiety, and eating disorder related behaviors and cognitions). Children with ARFID had a longer length of illness, while those with AN had lower heart rates and were more likely to be admitted as inpatients. Children with ARFID had a history of abdominal pain and infections preceding their diagnoses and were more likely to be diagnosed with a comorbid anxiety disorder. Children with AN had a higher drive for thinness, lower self-esteem, and scored higher on depression. This is the first study to look at DSM-5 diagnosis at assessment and include psychometric and interview data with younger children with AN and ARFID. Understanding the medical and psychological profiles of children with AN and ARFID can result in a more timely and accurate diagnosis of eating disorders in younger children.

Psychological Characteristics of Children at Two Years after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Analyses of Telephone Consultation Records.

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake was the largest and most catastrophic earthquake and tsunami in Japanese history. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the burden and psychological characteristics of children at 2 years after this catastrophe to allow a better understanding of the situation and the provision of appropriate support. We investigated a cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 by sending a questionnaire to schools located in Miyagi Prefecture to be answered by parents or guardians. The questionnaire included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to estimate the psychological adaptation of children. Telephone consultations were provided for children with SDQ scores > 16 whose parents or guardians had given consent. From the target population of 12,742, a total of 4,074 responses were received (response rate: 32%), among which, 720 had an SDQ score > 16 and received a telephone consultation. At the time of the telephone consultation, 301 (42%) of the 720 children and parents or guardians showed some type of psychological reaction and were thus classified as "Insufficient recovery". Among these, 230 had not received social support at any point in time, suggesting the need for long-term psychological support. Those who resided in a coastal area tended to show a higher rate of psychological reactions than those in an inland area (27.1% vs. 12.9%, respectively). In conclusion, catastrophic disasters have a long-lasting psychological impact on children, and thus, long-term psychological support may be needed.

Psychological features of children and adolescents in their perception of the disease at different stages of its course

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of a difficult life situation associated with a disease that threatens the child's life. The specifics of this situation are determined by the fact that, unlike other life catastrophes, it primarily affects the scope of individual personal and family values, as well as the relationship with the child, as an object of high-value affection, and refers to the turning points of the life. Factors that exhaust this situation are under review in the article. The parameters influencing the formation of an internal aspect of a child’s disease are studied. The problem of the correlation of age and psychological characteristics of children and teenagers is analyzed through the prism of their perception of their own illness and their readiness to cooperate with medical personnel and inner circle at each of the stages of the medical process, starting from the moment of diagnosis. The peculiarities of interaction with children and teenagers under conditions of hospitalization are considered: from a newborn to the age of 2 years, from 2 to 7 years, from 7 to 12 years, from 12 years and older. It is noted that the children’s attitude to the disease, as well as to other important components of their life, also depends on the emotional assessment of significant people. This attitude is largely unconscious and does not include the logical analysis which is inherent in an adult. A special role is given to the problem of informing children about the changes taking place with them in connection with the disease, both at the current time and in the distant future. It is discussed the need to develop such a form of support which can give the child more opportunities to accept the current situation that separates him from his past way of life.

The Ethico-legal Approach to Equality Principle in the Rights of Children with Special Needs

Background and Aim: The particular physical, mental and psychological characteristics of children with special needs requires certain education, facilities and support. This study aimed to the ethico-legal analysis of the Iran , s law and regulations owing to equality principle in children with special needs. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, firstly, Iranian laws related to the rights of children with special needs were proposfully searched. After the ethico-legal analyzing the law and regulations, legal challenges and pittfalles were identified. Findings: Although the laws of Iran, do not explicitly refer to children with special needs and their rights, however some examples of legislator attention to these children are seen, which can be explained under the two subtitles of equality in terms of social rights and criminal law. Regarding equality in terms of social rights, the positive aspect and providing facilities for fostering of the talents and capabilities of the children with special needs. In the area of criminal justice, the legislative objective is to protect these children against crime and abuse. Conclusion: Despite the existence of some policies for equality and non-discrimination in the area of the rights of children with special needs in Iran's laws, there are many gaps in this regard. It is recommended that legislators to adopt some policies such as the redefinition of the concept of children with special needs and inclusion of the certain and explicit laws and regulations for them and also formulation of differential policies in the criminal investigation process for crimes against these children. Please cite this article as: Soltani Kuhbanani S, Gholami N. The Ethico-legal Approach to Equality Principle in the Rights of Children with Special Needs. Bioethics Journal 2018; 8(27): 19-31.

Design and Application of Children's Entertainment Education Software in Preschool Education

The current preschool education children's educational software mostly ig-nores the preschool children's psychological characteristics and rigidly com-bines the educational and entertainment nature of the game, which affects the learning effect of preschool children. Based on the psychological charac-teristics of preschool children, the characteristics of preschool children's de-mand for computer games were deeply analyzed. In addition, the preschool children's entertainment software was designed and developed. The game was built according to the system elements and design principles of the edu-cational games, and the appropriate kindergarten curriculum content was se-lected so that pre-school children can be substituted and truly entertained. The practice showed that the preschool children's educational software cap-tured the psychological characteristics of preschool children. It is concluded that the software effectively promotes preschool children to obtain knowledge in a relaxed gaming environment and improves the learning ef-fect of preschool children.

Evaluation of psychological characteristics of Turkish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus from two demographically and geographically distinct regions.

Baran RT, Sürer-Adanır A, Karakurt MN, Dündar M, Aydın M, Özbek MN, Demirbilek H. Evaluation of psychological characteristics of Turkish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus from two demographically and geographically distinct regions. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 554-561. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), patients have an increased risk of psychiatric morbidity compared to their healthy counterparts. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the demographic and laboratory data and psychological characteristics of children with T1DM from two geographical regions of Turkey. The study included 98 pediatric T1DM patients followed in pediatric endocrinology clinics from Diyarbakir (n=50), an eastern city and Antalya (n=48) a western city, and 43 healthy subjects from Diyarbakir (n=20) and Antalya (n=23). The sociodemographic data, duration of diabetes and the glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were also noted. For the evaluation of emotional and behavioral problems in children, Turkish version of The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 6-18, and for depression, Child depression inventory (CDI) was used. Patients from the Diyarbakır Diabetes Mellitus (DDM) group had a longer duration of diabetes compared to those of the Antalya Diabetes Mellitus (ADM) group, while HbA1c levels were not statistically different. Children with T1DM from Diyarbakır reported higher problem scores in CBCL in majority of domains and both internalizing and externalizing subscores compared to the controls and in all domains compared to the patients from Antalya. The CDI scores of the DDM group were also significantly higher than those of the ADM group. In conclusion, diabetic children from Diyarbakır had more problems in emotional, social and behavioral domains compared to the healthy peers and patients from Antalya, indicating that T1DM brought more psychosocial burden to these patients independently from the metabolic control. Pediatric specialists working in the eastern region should be more precautious with diabetic patients in terms of comorbid psychiatric conditions and psychiatric referral when needed.

Clinical and psychological characteristics of children and adolescents with different forms of cognitive dysontogenesis in schizophrenia

To perform a clinical and psychological analysis of cognitive dysontogenesis in children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders based on the diagnosis, age at onset and disease duration. One hundred and sixty-eight children and adolescents, aged from 7 to 16 years, with schizophrenia were studied. The pilot assessment of the individual dynamics of cognitive development (21 patients) was made to establish the form of cognitive dysontogenesis (cognitive deficit). Evaluation of harmony-disharmony and deficiency of basic cognitive processes in this patient population shows persistent disturbances of thinking, memory and attention which are more pronounced in severe forms of the disease and its early onset. Age-related differences are observed as well.

Психологические особенности детей второго года жизни с врожденными пороками сердца

Психологические особенности детей второго года жизни с врожденными пороками сердца

INNOVATIVE HEALTH SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION

Health of person in many respects depends on him. Great importance are reasonable organization of vital functions, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and prevention of various diseases. In name of these noble goals and aspirations of need join forces and actions of state, society and people who live in our country. The analysis of data on a state of health which are trained in various regions of country shows that number of absolutely healthy children termination of high school falls. It testifies not only adverse living conditions, deterioration in ecological conditions, and also insufficient attention of teachers of educational institutions improving work with students about need find means preserve health of students at different stages of continuous education from preschool educational institution higher education institution. Keywords : education, health-educational institutions, health saving educational technologies, psychological adaptation of children, state of President of Republic of Uzbekistan I. A. Karimov speaking at meeting devoted Constitution day and Year of health» emphasized that the focus of our state and society is always a question of creation of decent living conditions for people, protection of public health. It would be desirable that all of us didn't forget simple, but at same time important truth: health of person in many respects depends on him. This, of course, of great importance are reasonable organization of vital functions, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and prevention of various diseases ... In name of these noble goals and aspirations of need join forces and actions of state, society and people who live in our country (Karimov I. A., 2004, December). Addressing these issues is becoming extremely urgent and employee's educational institutions decide in their pedagogical activity five basic functions: educational, educative, developmental, health saving, and also preparation of studying youth for forthcoming life (family, social and professional). An analysis of scientific and pedagogical sources shows that health saving pedagogical activity of teacher is defined as practical actions Directed transfer of socio-cultural experience through creation of appropriate age, personality and psychological characteristics of children's conditions, requirements, methods and techniques of training and education, specific and psychological features formation at them health saving behavior, personal experience to be healthy. The analysis of relationships of cause and effect of considered crisis situation has shown that it demands fastest and effective resolution. Certain steps in search of most rational ways of formation of a healthy lifestyle of students are so far taken. The health saving organization of training and education in educational institutions assumes realization of principles of healthy lifestyle which is based on psychology and pedagogical and medicobiological bases directed preservation of spiritual and physical wellbeing of students. Relevance of a problem of preservation of health trained in modern educational institutions gains special sharpness in conditions of influence of various factors of training environment. The analysis of data on a state of health which are trained in various regions of country shows that number of absolutely healthy children termination of high school falls. It testifies not only adverse living conditions, deterioration in ecological conditions, and also insufficient attention of teachers of educational institutions improving work with students about need find means preserve health of students at different stages of continuous education from preschool educational institution higher education institution. From a health-saving position concrete following requirements are imposed any occupation: a situation and hygienic conditions in room (temperature and humidity of air, rational lighting of educational room and a board, lack of monotonous, unintelligible sound irritants, etc.); quantity of types of educational activity (poll, letter, reading, hearing, story, examining of visual aids, answers