Psychological Characteristics Of Children Research Articles

Psyllium Fiber Reduces Abdominal Pain in Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.

We sought to determine the efficacy of psyllium fiber treatment on abdominal pain and stool patterns in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated effects on breath hydrogen and methane production, gut permeability, and microbiome composition. We also investigated whether psychological characteristics of children or parents affected the response to treatment. We performed a randomized, double-blind trial of 103 children (mean age, 13 ± 3 y) with IBS seen at primary or tertiary care settings. After 2 weeks on their habitual diet, children began an 8-day diet excluding carbohydrates thought to cause symptoms of IBS. Children with ≥75% improvement in abdominal pain were excluded (n= 17). Children were assigned randomly to groups given psyllium (n= 37) or placebo (maltodextrin, n= 47) for 6 weeks. Two-week pain and stool diaries were compared at baseline and during the final 2 weeks of treatment. We assessed breath hydrogen and methane production, intestinal permeability, and the composition of the microbiome before and after administration of psyllium or placebo. Psychological characteristics of children were measured at baseline. Children in the psyllium group had a greater reduction in the mean number of pain episodes than children in the placebo group (mean reduction of 8.2 ± 1.2 after receiving psyllium vs mean reduction of 4.1 ± 1.3 after receiving placebo; P= .03); the level of pain intensity did not differ between the groups. Psychological characteristics were not associated with response. Atthe end of the study period, the percentage of stools that were normal (Bristol scale scores, 3-5), breath hydrogen or methane production, intestinal permeability, and microbiome composition were similar between groups. Psyllium fiber reduced the number of abdominal pain episodes in children with IBS, independent of psychological factors. Psyllium did not alter breath hydrogen or methane production, gut permeability, or microbiome composition. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00526903.

The Study of Psychological Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Digestive Diseases

The present study was aimed at the psychological characteristics of children with different chronic diseases of the digestive system and the identification of key factors influencing the formation of their personality. The continuous prospective study of psychological peculiarities of 125 patients (7-17 y.o.) with diseases of the digestive system who have been monitored at Scientific Centre of Children's Health (Moscow) was performed. As research methods were used: analysis of medical and pedagogical documentation, participant observation, educational experiment, interview, questionnaires and projective methods. The study involved 125 patients aged 7-17 years (12.4 averagely) with diseases of the digestive system including teens--68 (54%), primary school pupil--57 (46%). The number of boys significantly prevailed over the number of girls (2:1). The study confirmed the existence of a close relationship and mutual influence of three factors: the physical condition, social situation of development, and individual psychological characteristics of children. According to the psychological characteristics the children can be combined in three groups: Group I (47 of 125 people; 37.6%) - children with bad psychological status. This is most typicalfor children with active form of chronic diseases requiring intensive medical assistance (37 of 47people; 78.7%). Group II (59 of 125 people; 47.2%)--children with instable psychological condition, with risk of neurotization. This group mainly comprises patients with chronic diseases at the stage of unstable clinical remission with preserved or compensated functions of organism bodies and systems or with incomplete compensation of functions requiring long term supportive treatment (45 of 59 people; 76.3%). Group III--patients with rather stable psychological condition (19 of 125 people; 15.2%). It comprises patients with rather stable psychological condition, anyway, with expressed psychological vulnerability in stress situation. Most children suffer from chronic diseases of different etiology at the stage of clinical remission with rare aggravations, with preserved or compensated functions, provided there are no aggravations of the basic disease (17of 19 people; 89.5%). Most children with diseases of the digestive system have the psychological difficulties, while their identity is often formed in the distorted social conditions. Therefore, these children need psychological and pedagogical support, as well the special psychological and pedagogical conditions for the realization of their mental and cognitive capacities. To put together a program of psychological and educational assistance we should take into account the child's age at the moment of occurrence of the disease, etiology, duration and severity of the illness, the nature and degree of non-compliance of social environmental.

The Characteristics of Intellectual and Psychological in the Children with Moyamoya Disease

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the intellectual and psychological features of children with Moyamoya disease who were patients in the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of Severance Hospital. Methods: From December 2010 through December 2012, 63 patients with diagnoses of Moyamoya disease and 59 children in a normal group were enrolled. This study was conducted using the Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Rey-Kim Memory Test for children, Korean Child Behavior Checklist and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™4.0. Results: The results showed that the intellectual and psychological profiles of children with Moyamoya disease were lower than the average of the normal control group. The tested patients showed significantly lower scores for Performance Intelligence Quotient cognition level. Also, in terms of quality of life, children with Moyamoya disease had lower levels of physical and school functionality. The results were in line with those of previous studies involving psychological tests of children with chronic diseases. Conclusion: Considering the intellectual and psychological characteristics of children with Moyamoya disease, integrated psychological intervention plans including elements such as supportive therapy for patients and programs for parental education are required. Key words: 모야모야 질환, 인지, ì •ì„œ, 삶의 질 Key words: Moyamoya disease, Intellectual, Psychological, Quality of life

Характеристика скоростно-силовых качеств и психологических особенностей подростков

Purpose:complex psychological and pedagogical research speed-power characteristics and psychological characteristics of children of secondary school age. Material and methods: test V. Abalakov's, long jump with space, running at 20 meters, shuttle run, technique «Table Schulte», methods of Diagnostics speed of thought, the method of «Self-identity», the method of establishing the probability of deviations (t-student's criterion).The speed-strength of 14–15 years children was studied. The levels of mobility of nervous processes adolescents was analyzed. Peculiarities of attention functions adolescents. Found that children of 14–15 years is a weakening of the intensity of attention during the activity. The characteristics of mental health students of secondary school age. Found that mental performance adolescents characterized hyposthenic one asthenia. The features of personality in adolescence. The characteristics of adolescents with different levels of self-identity. The differences of self-esteem of boys and girls. Conclusions: the level of physical development of teenagers is characterized by variability in the speed and strength. In children aged 14–15 are: progressive, but uneven, depending sex change speed-power capacities, decrease in the intensity of attention in the process of activity, the level of performance is characterized by mental work in, but insufficient mental stability.

Anxiety and Depression in Children With Nonverbal Learning Disabilities, Reading Disabilities, or Typical Development

The main goal of the present study was to shed further light on the psychological characteristics of children with different learning disability profiles aged between 8 and 11 years, attending from third to sixth grade. Specifically, children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD), reading disabilities (RD), or a typical development (TD) were tested. In all, 15 children with NLD, 15 with RD, and 15 with TD were administered self-report questionnaires to assess different types of anxiety and depression symptoms. Both NLD and RD children reported experiencing more generalized and social anxiety than TD, the NLD children reported more severe anxiety about school and separation than TD, and the children with RD had worse depressive symptoms than those with NLD or TD.

Psychological characteristics of children with disabilities acoustically

Psychological characteristics of children with disabilities acoustically

Children's Meetings Offline with People Met Online:

Building on EU Kids Online data, this article deals with the psycho-social context of children's meetings with “complete strangers” as opposed to meetings with “friends of friends”, that is, people who are already connected to their social network. The original contribution of this article lies in the distinction operated between the types of people met this way for several measures of internet use and the children's psychological characteristics. The study hypothesizes children who met any type of online contacts (“friends of friends”, “complete strangers” or “both”) to be heavier internet users than children who met no one. Moreover, children who met “complete strangers” or “both” were expected to report higher levels of risk-taking behaviour online and offline than children who met “friends of friends” or no one. The same relations were hypothesized for the psychological characteristics. Finally, harm was expected to occur more in the case of meetings with “complete strangers” or “both” than in the case of meetings with “friends of friends”.

Investigation of psychological process of children with leukemia

Objective To explore the psychological demand of leukemia in different periods,understand the psychological characteristics of children and to provide psychological nursing basis. Methods The real mental feeling in diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of leukemia patients was surveyed through interview and questionnaire. Results The psychology of leukemia was influenced easily by external factors without regularity. The psychological characteristics included: fear, dependence, calm, confident, loneliness,disappointment, and accept ion. Conclusions Psychological change of leukemia patients has no obvious regularity. Nursing staff shall provide proper psychological nursing according to the different characteristics of psychological. Key words: Leukemia; Children; Psychological course

Psychological characteristics associated with the onset and course of asthma in children and adolescents: A systematic review of longitudinal effects

Objective To systematically review all available studies that investigated the longitudinal relationships between the psychological characteristics of children and adolescents suffering from asthma and those of their caregivers, and the onset and course of the asthma. Methods Relevant studies were identified using Medline, PubMed, and PsychINFO between 1970 and September 2009. Results Twenty studies matching inclusion criteria were reviewed. Six studies focused on child-specific psychological characteristics in relation to the onset and course of asthma. No compelling evidence was found for an association with asthma onset, but there was some evidence that the child's psychological characteristics can contribute to the subsequent course of asthma. Fourteen studies considered the effects of the psychological characteristics of the caregivers. Eleven studies found significant relationships between the psychological problems of caregivers and the subsequent onset and unfavorable course of the asthma in the child. Conclusion In pediatric asthma both the psychological characteristics of the affected children and their caregivers appear to contribute to the course and possibly also to the onset of the condition.

Psychological Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Headaches

Psychological Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Headaches

Psychological characteristics of children with visual impairments: learning, memory and imagery

The performance of children (and sometimes adults) with visual impairments (VI) on a range of tasks that reflect learning, memory and mental imagery is considered in this article. Sometimes the evidence suggests that there are impairments in performance in comparison with typically developing children with vision, and sometimes some advantages emerge. The author's aim is to describe some of her own and others' findings and explore what they tell us about the cognitive characteristics of such children, so that progress with practical interventions can be advanced through understanding. The article starts by focusing on social-cognitive development and in particular considers the potential benefits of language in that development. This is followed by a review of some studies of learning and memory performance which provide a coherent picture of development without vision and finally ends with a consideration of spatial mental imagery.

Longitudinal Study of Bad Dreams in Preschool-Aged Children: Prevalence, Demographic Correlates, Risk and Protective Factors

To (1) clarify the epidemiology of bad dreams in children and investigate risk and protective factors related to (2) the child's sleep, (3) parental sleep-enabling practices, and (4) the child's temperament. Longitudinal with 6 time points from 5 months to 6 years. Subjects' homes. Representative sample of 987 children in the Province of Quebec. None. Longitudinal logistic regression analysis models with primary endpoints of presence or absence of parent-rated bad dreams at 29 months, 41 months, 50 months, 5 years, and 6 years and predictor variables of demographic characteristics, parent ratings of child's sleep characteristics, parental sleep-enabling practices (e.g., cosleeping), and child's psychological characteristics at 5 and 17 months (anxiousness, temperament). Mothers' ratings indicated lower than expected prevalence of frequent bad dreams (1.3% to 3.9%). Demographic correlates of bad dreams were high family income, absence of siblings at 29 months, and a non-immigrant mother. The best predictor at 41 and 50 months was the presence of bad dreams the preceding year, whereas at 5 and 6 years, it was their earlier presence at 29 months. Early protective factors were parental practices favoring emotional nurturance after night awakenings (29 and 41 months); early risk factors were sleep-onset emotional nurturance (29 months), difficult temperament (5 months), and anxiousness (17 months). Bad dreams in preschoolers are less prevalent than thought but, when present, are trait-like in nature and associated with personality characteristics measured as early as 5 months. A stress-diathesis model may best account for the observed pattern of predictive factors.

Reproductive Technology in the Context of Reproductive Teleology

This article argues that in the ordinary course of events, most parents routinely practice “reproductive teleology” in that they attempt to manipulate the physical and psychological characteristics of children, and they do so as part of the process of good parenting. Furthermore, such attempts are socially approved of and encouraged. With these two considerations in mind, it is argued that common objections to technological interventions, especially with respect to designer babies— based on the grounds that such processes would promote despotic parenting, deny children an open future, and interfere with the designed child's sense of self—should be seen in the context of reproductive teleology. The implications of this argument encourage an orientation toward the salience of social pressures that promote reproductive teleology.

Maxillofacial trauma of pediatric patients in Malaysia: A retrospective study from 1999 to 2001 in three hospitals

Maxillofacial trauma in children is not common worldwide. Domestic injuries are frequently seen in younger children while older children are mostly involved in motor vehicle accidents (MVA). The objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in pediatric patients referred to three government main hospitals in different areas of West Malaysia. Patients' records of three selected hospitals in Malaysia (National University of Malaysia Hospital, Kajang Hospital and Seremban Hospital) from January 1999 to December 2001 were reviewed. Data associated with demographics, etiology of injury in relation to age group, type of injuries whether soft tissues of hard tissue in relation to age group and treatment modalities were collected. A total of 521 pediatric patients' records were reviewed. Malays made up the majority of patients with maxillofacial injuries in the three hospitals. Males outnumbered females in all the three hospitals. Injuries commonly occur in the 11-16 years old. MVA was the most common etiology followed by fall and assault. Soft tissue injuries were the most common type of injuries in all the hospitals. In relation to fractures, mandible was the most common bone to fracture with condyle being the most common site. Orbital fracture was the most common fracture in the midfacial area. Most of the fractures were managed conservatively especially in the younger age groups. Open reduction with or without internal fixation was more frequently carried out in the 11-16 years old group. Children exhibit different pattern of clinical features depending on the etiology and stage of their bone maturation. A dedicated team, who is competent in trauma and aware of the unique anatomy, physical and psychological characteristics of children, should manage pediatric patient with trauma.

A controlled study on the partial psychological characteristics of children with asthma

目的 了解哮喘儿童的个性、适应行为、应付方式等心理特征.方法采用EPQ、SAB、CSQ量表,对56例哮喘儿童及对照进行个性、适应行为及应付方式的心理测试.结果哮喘儿童EPQ中E、N分量表高于对照组(P＜0.01),分别为(13.87±3.18)分vs(10.28±2.79)分,(12.95±3.75)分vs(9.76±3.42)分.适应能力商数为98.72,对照组为110.46,独立功能因子、社会/自制因子得分均低于对照组(P＜0.001).在应付方式上,哮喘组在解决问题、求助方面显著低于对照组,在自责、幻想、退避等因子分显著高于对照组.结论哮喘儿童显示出内向、情绪不稳定的个性特点,存在着明显的适应、应付方式障碍,应加强对哮喘儿童的心理行为干预。

Some psychological characteristics of children and adolescents with vitiligo: Our results

Numerous studies have characterized patients with chronic skin disease as psychologically vulnerable, mainly due to the fact that their condition affects their social relations and all other aspects of life. The purpose of this work was to determine whether there are significant differences in the level of anxiety, severity of depressive symptoms, and presence of stressful life events between adolescent patients with vitiligo and healthy peers. 33 patients with vitiligo aged 10-15 years, and a control group of 60 healthy subjects of the same age, were included in this prospective study. A clinical examination was performed to determine the clinical types of vitiligo, estimate depressive symptoms using the Birleson Depression Scale, and anxiety was evaluated by the Spielberger's scale (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). For determination of the frequency of stressful events, the Risk Scale was used. Adolescents with vitiligo did not show more pronounced signs of anxiety or depression than healthy subjects; differences were not apparent in the Risk Scale either, considering stressful events. The lack of differences between the two examined groups might be due to prepubertal age of the majority of subjects. 63.63% of all children included in this study were in the prepubertal age (10-12 years), which is the period when they are still not focused on their own body and changes to physical appearance. It is possible that early onset of vitiligo is a "protective factor", enabling the child to attain compensatory mechanisms to solve the problem of vitiligo through various interests and aspirations, which do not depend on physical appearance.

Is prenatal tobacco exposure a risk factor for early adolescent smoking? A follow-up study

Recent reports indicate a relation between prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and offspring smoking. Many of these reports have been retrospective or have not included important variables such as other prenatal substance exposures, maternal and child psycho-social characteristics, mother's current smoking, and friends' smoking. No prior study has examined the timing of PTE. In this prospective study of a birth cohort of 567 14-year-olds, we examined the relation between trimester-specific PTE, offspring smoking, and other correlates of adolescent smoking. Average age of the adolescents was 14.8 years (range: 13.9–16.6 years), 51% were female, 54% were African-American. Data on maternal tobacco and other substance use were collected both prenatally and postnatally, 51% of the mothers were prenatal smokers and 53% smoked when their children were 14 years. PTE in the third trimester significantly predicted offspring smoking (ever/never, smoking level, age of onset) when demographic and other prenatal substances were included in the analyses. PTE remained a significant predictor of the level of adolescent smoking when maternal and child psychological characteristics were added to the model. When more proximal measures of the child's smoking were included in the model, including mother's current smoking and friends' smoking, PTE was no longer significant. Significant predictors of adolescent smoking at age 14 were female gender, Caucasian race, child externalizing behavior, maternal anxiety, and child depressive symptoms. Although direct effects of PTE on offspring smoking behavior have previously been reported from this study and by others, by early-adolescence, this association is not significant after controlling for the more proximal covariates of adolescent smoking such as mother's current smoking and peer smoking.

Parents, peer groups, and other socializing influences.

Three propositions that are central to J. R. Harris's group socialization theory (1995, 1998) are considered in this review. These propositions are as follows: (a) Parental behaviors have no long-term effects on children's psychological characteristics, (b) peer groups are the primary environmental influence on psychological functioning, and (c) dyadic relationships are situation-specific and do not generalize. The evidence that J. R. Harris has outlined in support of each of these propositions is reviewed, as is additional empirical research not considered by J. R. Harris. Serious limitations to each proposition are identified. The available evidence is more consistent with a model of multiple socialization agents. An expanded research agenda that permits a more definitive test of J. R. Harris's propositions and social relationship theory is proposed.

Sleep and Psychological Characteristics of Children on a Psychiatric Inpatient Unit

To assess the association of objective measures of sleep-wake patterns and psychological status and abuse history of children hospitalized in a psychiatric inpatient unit. Thirty-nine inpatient children participated in the study. They were monitored for one to three consecutive nights with miniature wrist activity monitors for objective assessment of sleep-wake patterns. In addition, a thorough psychiatric and psychosocial assessment was completed with each child and the parents. Children's self-ratings of depression, hopelessness, and low self-esteem were significantly correlated with objective sleep measures indicating poorer sleep quality. No significant correlations between intelligence scores and sleep measures were found. Nonabused and sexually abused children had better sleep quality than physically abused children. Sleep quality during hospitalization is strongly associated with self experiences of depression, hopelessness, and low self-esteem in children with severe behavior disorders.

Psychological characteristics of children with Shwachman syndrome.

Twelve children and young adults with Shwachman syndrome were compared with their unaffected siblings and with controls suffering from cystic fibrosis in terms of intellectual ability, motor skills, and behaviour. There were highly significant differences in intelligence quotient between those with Shwachman syndrome and the other two groups. Four of the index subjects but none of the control subjects were below the normal range. The differences between groups on other tests of cognitive and motor skills were not significant, though those with Shwachman syndrome tended to have the lowest scores. There was no evidence that those with Shwachman syndrome had more behavioural difficulties than the control subjects. We suggest that the intellectual difficulties of patients with Shwachman syndrome may be of neurological rather than social origin and that they may originate before birth.