Psychological Characteristics Of Adolescents Research Articles

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM

In the scientific article, the deviant behavior of teenagers is characterized as a psychological problem. Factors and reasons causing deviant behavior were investigated in sequence, different approaches of different researchers to the problem were studied. The article states that the deviant behavior of teenagers is determined by social norms. The psychological characteristics of adolescents with deviant behavior included in different groups were investigated.

The Ethical Concept of Shame as a Social Regulator of the Students’ Behaviour

The aim of the research is to study the impact of the ethical concept of “shame” on the moral consciousness and behaviour of adolescents in high school. To do this, an analysis of the concept of “shame” in special literature was carried out, as well as an analysis of the content of this concept in the minds of adolescents; the main substantive signs of its lexical representations of various morphological natures were revealed: negativity, reason, external orientation of emotion, and internal emotional traits. The survey of adolescents also established the degree of effectiveness of shame as a social regulator and modifier. The insufficient regulatory and modification effectiveness of the concept of “shame” revealed in the course of theresearch is influenced by several factors: a value crisis in the spiritual state of modern society; psychological characteristics of adolescence; shortcomings of the idea of shame formed in the minds of adolescents (a superficial understanding of emotion, an insignificant degree of the emotions of fear and guilt in the shame complex, lack of logical awareness of cause-and-effect relationships). To eliminate these shortcomings and increase the effectiveness of the concept of shame as a social regulator of adolescents' behaviour, it is necessary to carry out significant work on organizing a system of work on the formation of ideas about shame in adolescents, on their inclusion in practical activities to form the ethical concept under study in the family and school.

Interdepartmental cooperation in prevention auto- and heteroaggressive behavior of minors

The growing trend in the number of shootings cases in schools determines the need to take preventive measures to identify minors at risk of committing socially dangerous acts. The purpose is to determine approaches for interdepartmental interaction between specialized medical organizations and educational organizations in the aspect of minors auto- and heteroaggressive behavior preventing. Materials and methods. Behavioral indicators and psychological characteristics of adolescents who planned or committed attacks on educational institutions, minors with autoaggressive behavior who underwent complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examinations at the FSBI “NMIC PN named after V.P. Serbsky” of the Ministry of Health of Russia are analyzed. Results. In 2022, a new version of the «Methodological materials on the signs of deviations, the actions of education system specialists in situations of social risks and prevention of deviant behavior of students» was introduced into the educational process (methodological development “Prevention Navigator”). One of the new aspects is a block dedicated to identifying the risk of an attack on an educational organization (signs of the risk of committing a particularly dangerous act and a special algorithm of actions). The article describes aspects of the interaction of educational organizations with specialized medical institutions in the context of identifying such students and preventing socially dangerous behavior of minors. Conclusion. The current system of interaction between educational institutions and medical organizations specializing in the field of mental health of children and adolescents requires improvement and legal support

Public open space placemaking suitable for adolescents

Children and adolescents have always been an important part of the future of society and the country. Often, the urban environment is subordinated and adapted to families with children, with playgrounds and infrastructure. However, the desire of adolescents to be out in society, in public spaces and to participate in social interaction is not sufficiently supported. Public space is a 'stage' for adolescents to test themselves, their limits and learn social skills, as well as to explore the norms of society and community. The aim of this article is to provide an insight into the principles of designing environments that are suitable for adolescents, with recommendations for the design process of such public outdoor spaces. Analysing publicly available information on the needs of adolescents and the suitability of outdoor spaces for their outdoor activities, it emerges that often the adaptation of urban environments for children or adults contributes to the isolation of adolescents from society, which in turn results in gatherings in unsuitable areas, vandalism and substance abuse. Introducing with suitable case studies in the design of outdoor spaces for adolescent children, we conclude that in order to mitigate the above risks, it is necessary to understand the developmental processes, emotional and psychological characteristics of adolescents, as well as to raise awareness of the basic principles of democratic upbringing in society, and to develop guidelines for the involvement of adolescents in urban planning, which would help municipalities to involve this specific target group in urban planning, ensuring that adequate public spaces are created for adolescents.

PCR46 Assessing the Mental Health of Secondary School Students in the Light of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the lives of high school students as well. Prolonged confinement, social isolation, fear of the disease, or the loss of a close family member are all experiences that students may have endured. Our aim was to assess students’ health and risk behaviours, relationships, and mental health after the fifth wave of COVID-19. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out between 2022.03.01. and 2022. 04.15. We selected Hungarian secondary school students between 15-20 years of age (N=150). Our self-administered questionnaire consisted of questions about socio-demographic factors, perceived health status, peer relationships, satisfaction with life and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The majority of our sample are girls, vocational students and were living in villages. The mean age is 16.85±1.51 years. Most of them spend two hours a day in front of the TV, and an additional three hours with other electronic tools in their free time. 20.8% of students have four, 19.8% have three, 18.8% have five close friends. 52.1% rate their health as “good”, 31.3% as “appropriate”. The mean score of their life satisfaction is 6.34±1.85. Average score of PSS was 31.74± 9.13. The mean PSS score of girls (33.07±9.07) are significantly higher than the boys’ (25.88±6.96; p=0.001). There is no relation between age and PSS score (p=0.161), or the type of school (p=0.412). The study showed significant stress and symptoms of mental problems, especially among girls. The information revealed allows for a better understanding of the health indicators and psychological characteristics of adolescents. Our results provide information for the development of prevention programs, thereby contributing to the reduction of adolescents’ behavioural disorders.

Determining specific features of vocational students’ socio-psychological portrait: Moral educational aspect

Introduction. The problem of reducing the role of moral education is becoming especially relevant for secondary vocational education. The purpose of this study is to identify the specific features of students’ socio-psychological portrait for organizing an effective and efficient educational process in vocational educational institutions. The identified features are supposed to be used in the course of preparing future teachers for implementing moral education within the framework of vocational educational settings. Materials and Methods. The study followed systemic, axiological, contextual, nuclear and learner-centered approaches. The authors also relied on S.L. Rubinshtein’s structural approach to personality studies, as well as on the conception of preparing future teachers for moral educational activities (A.N. Tkacheva et al). A survey based on the questionnaire developed by the author was conducted in the Ural Federal District (the Russian Federation). It was aimed at identifying the features of vocational students’ socio-psychological portrait. The research sample consisted of second, third and fourth-year vocational students (n = 387). Results. This article analyzes the views of Russian and international researchers on the following aspects: age characteristics of vocational students (psychological characteristics of adolescence); the main difficulties faced by students in the learning process; socio-psychological portrait of vocational students. The article also presents the results of a survey of vocational students in the Ural Federal District, aimed at identifying the features of their socio-psychological portrait. Within the framework of the theoretical analysis, the following specific features of the socio-psychological portrait of vocational students have been revealed: 1) during the adolescence, a large number of personal contradictions often lead to conflicts and intolerant behavior of students, which complicates the process of their training and moral education; 2) most of the students are brought up in low-income single-parent families, they are mainly focused on obtaining a working profession, and vocational training is of paramount importance for them. During the empirical study, it was found that: 1) nearly half of those surveyed (56.33%) made an independent choice of their future profession, while the majority of the students (55.81%) had a clear intention to get a working profession; 2) more than half (55.30%) of vocational students faced educational and life difficulties during their school years, and the vast majority (72.90%) had difficulty in certain subjects, which indicates gaps in their basic training; 3) among the difficulties accompanying the learning process, the respondents mentioned time management (42.89%), low income (49.61%) and learning difficulties (39.79%); 4) among special values, the vocational students mentioned cooperation (79.84%), goodwill (66.15%), honesty (59.43%) and justice (59.17%). The identified qualities can determine successful and efficient moral educational process at vocational educational institutions. Conclusions. The results of the theoretical analysis and empirical research, namely the identified age, psychological, cultural and other characteristics of students and economic and social conditions of their living, must be taken into account in order to organize an effective and efficient educational process in vocational educational institutions. Some points of the survey results coincide with the conclusions made in previous research investigations: the orientation of students towards professional activities, the independent choice of a working profession by the majority of vocational students, and the secondary importance of moral educational activities.

Psychological characteristics of adolescents' relationships with peers, taking into account the peculiarities of their family upbringing

This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the type of parent-child relationship and the characteristics of interpersonal relationships of adolescents with peers. The main aspects of the formation of the system of interpersonal relations in adolescence are described. In the study, the respondents included students of the Faculty of Secondary Vocational Education of the Autonomous non-profit organisation of higher education Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, 50 people in total. The evaluation of the characteristics of interpersonal relationships of adolescents was carried out according to the results of the following methods – Timothy Leary's Interpersonal Behaviour Circle and the “Comprehensive methodology for assessing social behaviour (competence)ˮ developed at the Centre for Sociology of Education of the Russian Academy of Education by Daniil Khlomov, Sergey Baklushinskiy, Ol’ga Kaz’mina, thereby identifying a group of adolescents with extremely distinct results of the qualitative assessment of interpersonal relations. This group of adolescents have interpersonal relationship difficulties, there are signs of ill adaptivity of interpersonal (social) behaviour. The features of educational strategies in adolescent families were studied using the questionnaire on parental attitude towards children – “mirrorˮ for Analysis of family relationships (Edmond Eydemiller, Viktoras Justickis) and the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (Irina Markovskaya). Data processing statistical methods used include Student's t-test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, cluster analysis using SPSS. In the course of the work, four types of family upbringing were identified and described, with possibility to detect in each type the disfunction signs’ characteristic in the interpersonal relations system. The results indicate partial confirmation of the hypothesis about a correlation between various aspects of interpersonal relationships of adolescents and types of family upbringing.

Socio-regulatory function of the cultural concept "shame" in the behavior of students

Objectives of the research are to study the impact of the ethical concept of “shame” on the moral consciousness and behavior of adolescents in high school. To do this, an analysis of the concept of “shame” in special literature was carried out, as well as an analysis of the content of this concept in the minds of adolescents. The insufficient regulatory and modification effectiveness of the concept of “shame” revealed in the course of the research is influenced by several factors: a value crisis in the spiritual state of modern society; psychological characteristics of adolescence; shortcomings of the idea of shame formed in the minds of adolescents (a substantive understanding of emotion, an insignificant degree of the emotions of fear and guilt in the shame complex, lack of logical awareness of cause-and-effect relationships).

Psychological Reasons of the Occurrence of Modern Adolescents` Self Injecting Behavior

The article is devoted to an urgent problem of modern society – the phenomenon of self-harming behavior among teenagers. Understanding the nature of the emergence of self-damaging behavior acts, the factors that are the catalyst for these actions, is beyond doubt, since awareness of this issue will help the psychologist to identify the target constructs for further practical work. The main aspects of the concept of self-harming behavior, the causes and factors of occurrence were analyzed. The psychological characteristics of adolescence and the crisis of growing up were explained as one of the main factors in the development of self-harming behavior. It was determined that the psychological characteristics of adolescence together with external factors complicate the process of forming adaptive strategies with the environment. Self-injurious behavior is the result of the adolescent's search for interaction with his own «I», and, as a result, difficulties arise in the formation of a subjective position and adequate ideas about himself. Among teenagers who commit acts of self-damaging behavior, the mechanisms for the occurrence of these actions have been determined, namely, there are observed violations of emotional regulation, as well as high level of internal conflict, which is accompanied by a heightened sense of guilt. Analisis of the questionnaire was based on the results of 3 groups of children were identified: the first – with the up-to-date experience of self-harming behavior, the second – with a penchant to self-harming behavior and the third – not inclined to self-harm. Thus, the distribution will help the psychologist to select the most effectively corrective program and provide psychological assistance with such requests. A comparative analysis was made between the choice of the method of self-harm and the tendency to such behavior. It was determined that somatic acts of self-harm are characteristic all groups of adolescents and are perceived by them as a bad habit. It was found that the leading reasons for committing acts of self-harm for all groups of adolescents is desire to calm dawn, to pull oneself together, to cope with emotions. It was detected that such indicators complicate the formation of adequate ideas of self perception and become a threat in the formation of the subjective position, and have a destructive effect on the planning of teenager`s own life activity.

Социально-психологические факторы девиантного поведения подростков

The article is devoted to the study of social-psychological factors of deviant behavior in adolescents. The psychological characteristics of adolescence, the phenomenology of deviant behavior, types of deviant behavior are considered. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the factors of the formation of deviant behavior of minors. The authors note the lack of scientific knowledge about this. Identifying and taking into account such factors will make it possible to individualize the process of psychoprophylactic and corrective activities of a psychologist. Experimental work on the study of the socio-psychological reasons for the deviant behavior of minors is described. The analysis of the research results is presented. The study made it possible to determine the influence of socio-psychological determinants on the formation of deviant behavior in adolescents: personal and characterological characteristics, character accentuations, peculiarities of adolescent self-esteem, types of family upbringing, characteristics of parental attitudes. All this will allow in the future to develop programs of psychological prevention of deviant behavior in adolescents, taking into account their characteristics and family upbringing.

SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YOUTH AGE

The author in his article examines the psychological characteristics of adolescence. Highlights the patterns of development of adolescence as the main period of professional self-determination, assimilation of the role of a specialist, entry into «adult» life, which lead to the successful professional formation of a future specialist.

Psychological characteristics of adolescents with different levels of digital activity

The article discusses the problem of the influence of digital space and the digital environment on the formation of social intelligence and educational motivation of adolescents. The features of the personality included in the digital space are presented and theoretically analysed. Contradictions in the ideas of the "digital personality" are noted. The empirical study revealed significant differences in such parameters as self-consciousness, self-regulation, empathy, sociability, self-motivation, personal meaning of learning, goal-setting, cognitive and internal motivation of learning among groups of adolescents with low, medium and high levels of digital activity. It was revealed that adolescents with high activity of digital behaviour have low indicators in terms of social intelligence (self-consciousness, self-regulation, empathy, sociability, self-motivation) and learning motivation (personal meaning of learning, goal-setting, cognitive and internal motivation of learning). Adolescents with medium and low levels of digital behaviour show average and high performance in these parameters. The study showed a significant relationship between low levels of digital activity and cognitive orientation, high digital activity and low self-motivation.

Fuzzy evaluation of adolescents’ health literacy based on early warning theory of psychological risk

The mental health of adolescents not only affects their own healthy growth and success, but is also related to the future of the country and the development of the whole society. Based on the assessment and early warning of adolescents’ psychological problems, different ways to improve adolescents’ health literacy according to the psychological characteristics of adolescents at different ages were explored in this study. The methods of relative superior degree matrix evaluation, entropy value method, coefficient of variation method, subjective and objective weighting method and other methods were employed to establish the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation classification model. MATLAB, SPSS and other software were used for programming to analyze the impact of risk preference, cognitive needs, and decision-making style on the risk of psychological problems of teenagers. The obtained evaluation criterion was used to evaluate the psychological status of respondents. Finally, this study analyzed and established the early-warning mechanism based on the structure model in the system engineering theory, and proposed reasonable solutions to alleviate the risk of psychological problems from the perspective of reality and combines with conclusions.

PECULIARITIES OF SUBJECTIVE CONTROL AND PREDISPOSITION TO THE MANIFESTATION OF VICTIM BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN OF SPECIALIZED INSTITUTIONS OF ARMENIA

The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between personality traits and the type of predisposition to the manifestation of victim behavior in adolescents from unfavorable families who live in the specialized institutions of Armenia. During the research we have studied adolescents from unfavorable families (girls, boys) aged 15 to 17 (total number of respondents - 100 people). The purpose of this study is to identify the individual psychological characteristics of adolescents that affect the formation of a tendency to manifest a particular type of victim behavior. The analysis of the obtained empirical data revealed that among adolescents from disadvantaged families a tendency towards self-injurious and self-destructive victim behavior dominates and they are more characterized by realized victimization. And it is the knowledge of these prerequisites which will make it possible to develop the most effective preventive program, that will be aimed at reducing the level of victimization among representatives of vulnerable groups of the population, namely, adolescents from unfavorable families, living in specialized institutions.

Digital Environment and Socialisation of Adolescents with Reduced Somatic Health Status

The article discusses particularities, main resources and risks of socialization of adolescents with reduced somatic health status in the digital educational environment. The article highlights the features and psychological characteristics and determinants of socialisation success in the digital educational environment. The issues of psychological characteristics of adolescents with somatic health problems are considered. An insight is given into the specifics of adolescents with somatic problems adapting using the resources of the digital learning environment. The role of understanding the psychological portrait of adolescents with reduced somatic health status to support their successful adaptation to the digital environment was shown. The article shows the connection between the success of adolescents’ socialisation and information competence, attitudes to interaction in the information space, achievement motivation and self-actualisation aspirations. The article describes the empirical study of psychological features of adolescents with reduced status of somatic health, shows their perceptions of limitations and risks of socialization. The material characterizing the specificity of self-concept and anxiety of adolescents with somatic problems, projection of these features in the space of interaction in the digital environment is presented.

Comparative analysis of psychological characteristics of representatives of different adolescent subcultures

The paper discusses the psychological characteristics of adolescence. In order to manage the process of socialization of adolescents and build a prevention line, knowledge of the school environment is necessary. The most common subcultures in the adolescent environment are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the psychological characteristics of adolescents belonging to different subcultures is carried out. Differences in self-assessment of interpersonal relationships, motivation for affiliation, aggressiveness and socio-psychological adaptation among adolescents were revealed.

Методические рекомендации по формированию гражданской позиции обучающихся из гетерогенных групп в колледже

Current trends in the development of sociocultural relations (migration processes, virtual forms of communication, academic mobility, etc.) exacerbate the problem of the formation of value orientations of students, thereby actualizing in pedagogy and the tasks of searching for new content and effective forms of education for modern youth, in particular civil education. The article is devoted to the study of the civil position of students in college, the psychological characteristics of adolescence are clarified, the definition of a «heterogeneous group» is given. After analyzing the results of theoretical research and experimental work, the author gives practical recommendations to teachers on building up educational activities with students, aimed at creating an active civic position.

Psychological Factors that Influence Decision-Making Regarding Trauma-Related Pain in Adolescents with Temporomandibular Disorder

We evaluated the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and psychological characteristics of adolescents with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and compared facial macrotrauma effects between young and older adolescents. This case–control study included 70 randomly selected patients (35 young adolescents aged 12–16 years and 35 older adolescents aged 17–19 years) who had been diagnosed with TMD. Each age group was further subdivided according to the presence (T1) or absence (T0) of a macrotrauma history. All patients completed questionnaires on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction. We analyzed TMD severity symptoms using TMD-related indexes and the physical changes of TMJ using TMJ MR images. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised was used to evaluate the patients’ psychological status. Anterior disc displacement was the most frequently observed MRI finding, occurring in a significant proportion of young (47 joints, 67.1%) and older adolescents (40 joints, 57.1%). The prevalence of all the MRI findings (disc displacement, disc deformity, condylar degeneration, and effusion) did not differ between the T0 and T1 subgroups among young and older adolescents. Conversely, the psychological factors differed significantly between the subgroups. Among young adolescents, the mean scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, hostility, phobic ideation, and psychosis were significantly higher in the T1 subgroup than in the T0 subgroup (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, these increased psychological scores positively correlated with TMD indexes. Clinicians should consider that a weakened psychological status could be an aggravating factor in young adolescents with TMD and should consider the implications in future assessment of such patients.

Parenting as a Warning Tool of Juvenile Delinquency

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that minors represent one of the most vulnerable segments of the population, and only knowledge of the moral and psychological characteristics of adolescents, their comprehensive and integrated accounting by all bodies, organizations, institutions, individuals, one way or another working with minors, can improve education of such persons. Also, the neglect of parenting is one of the main causes of juvenile delinquency. The purpose of the article is to analyze education as a tool in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The article analyzes the problems of preventing juvenile delinquency. A brief outline describes the characteristics of education, family, and family well-being. The authors believe that the main reason for the increase in crime among children is associated with a low level of compliance with the requirements for parenting with regard to them, the lack of a proper approach to this problem, both from the public and from the authorized bodies. Thus, the exclusive role of ‘education’ as the main tool in the prevention of juvenile delinquency, as well as some aspects of the improper performance of responsibilities for raising a minor, are noted.

PECULIARITIES OF THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO STUDY IN DIFFERENT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

This article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the peculiarities of the psychological adaptation of the freshmen to the educational activity at the institution of higher education of different directions of preparation. The psychological characteristics of adolescence are analyzed . Society puts young people the task of professional self-determination in terms of a real choice, which becomes the psychological center of the social situation of the development of a young person. Professional self-determination as the center of the social situation of development forms a kind of inner position of the senior student, which is associated with a change in attitudes toward the future. The concept of adaptation in the psychological and pedagogical literature, which is regarded as the process of adapting the organism to a new environment, is studied. The psychological peculiarities of adaptation of freshmen to study at a higher education institution are substantiated. The adaptation of the first-year student to the new learning environment is influenced by the academic group, the public opinion in it, and the collective mood. The basic methods of research of psychological adaptation of freshmen to study at a higher education institution, taking into account the direction of preparation, are analyzed. The urgency of this problem is due to the great social need in studies of adaptation of freshmen students to study at a higher education institution. The research sample was compiled, which included the students of the first years of the Poltava Pedagogical and Technical Universities in the specialties Psychology and Geology, the stages of the study and analyzed the results of the study of the peculiarities of psychological adaptation to study at a higher education institution of students of the first year of education at the Bachelor’s degree in different fields of training.