PSpice Circuit Simulation Research Articles

Parametric Fault Detection of Analogue Circuits

This paper presents a new testing approach for analogue circuits based on the digital signature analysis. In this paper, the efficient parametric fault detection approach for analogue circuits using the simulation environment is presented. This approach has three main parts, an analogue test pattern generator (ATPG), an analogue test response compactor (ATRC), and an analogue circuit under test (ACUT) model, build in the PSpice circuit simulator. The proper ATPG is designed to sweep the applying sinusoidal frequencies to match the frequency domain of the ACUT. The output test response of the ACUT is acquired via the analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). The ATRC accumulates digital samples of the output response from the ADC to generate a digital signature that can characterize the situation of the ACUT. The signature comparison is achieved based on signature boundaries based on the worst-case analysis. In addition, the signature curve for each component variations of the ACUT is presented to be illustrated as image of some parameters affected in the transfer function of the ACUT. It combines effective parameters of the transfer function of the ACUT with respect to the component variations. These parameters are the band-with and the passband transmission. Using the signature curve, a parametric fault of each component of the ACUT can be detected under the sweep sinusoidal frequency of the ATPG. The presented testing approach is applied to the analogue benchmark circuit to validate the presented testing approach. General Terms Modeling of analogue circuit testing.

A comprehensive equivalent circuit model for the study of thermal and spectral characteristics in laser diodes

An improved electrical equivalent model for multimode laser diode incorporating thermal effects and spectral behavior is developed from the multi mode rate equations. The temperature dependent optical power, wavelength shift, spectral widths are determined in the dc sweep simulations. The output power, frequency chirp and temperature rise are evaluated under pulse modulation conditions. Further, the laser diode bandwidth dependence on temperature is also evaluated. Analysis is carried out in the temperature range of 283–343K, by simulating the equivalent circuit, using PSpice circuit simulator.

Crossed SMPS MOSFET-based protection circuit for high frequency ultrasound transceivers and transducers.

BackgroundThe ultrasonic transducer is one of the core components of ultrasound systems, and the transducer’s sensitivity is significantly related the loss of electronic components such as the transmitter, receiver, and protection circuit. In an ultrasonic device, protection circuits are commonly used to isolate the electrical noise between an ultrasound transmitter and transducer and to minimize unwanted discharged pulses in order to protect the ultrasound receiver. However, the performance of the protection circuit and transceiver obviously degrade as the operating frequency or voltage increases. We therefore developed a crossed SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply) MOSFET-based protection circuit in order to maximize the sensitivity of high frequency transducers in ultrasound systems.The high frequency pulse signals need to trigger the transducer, and high frequency pulse signals must be received by the transducer. We therefore selected the SMPS MOSFET, which is the main component of the protection circuit, to minimize the loss in high frequency operation. The crossed configuration of the protection circuit can drive balanced bipolar high voltage signals from the pulser and transfer the balanced low voltage echo signals from the transducer.MethodsThe equivalent circuit models of the SMPS MOSFET-based protection circuit are shown in order to select the proper device components. The schematic diagram and operation mechanism of the protection circuit is provided to show how the protection circuit is constructed. The P-Spice circuit simulation was also performed in order to estimate the performance of the crossed MOSFET-based protection circuit.ResultsWe compared the performance of our crossed SMPS MOSFET-based protection circuit with a commercial diode-based protection circuit. At 60 MHz, our expander and limiter circuits have lower insertion loss than the commercial diode-based circuits. The pulse-echo test is typical method to evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasonic transducers. Therefore, we performed a pulse-echo test using a single element transducer in order to utilize the crossed SMPS MOSFET-based protection circuit in an ultrasound system.ConclusionsThe SMPS-based protection circuit could be a viable alternative that provides better sensitivity, especially for high frequency ultrasound applications.

Diagnosis Method for Analog Circuit Hard fault and Soft Fault

Because the traditional BP neural network slow convergence speed, easily falling in local minimum and the learning process will appear oscillation phenomena. This paper introduces a tolerance analog circuit hard fault and soft fault diagnosis method based on adaptive learning rate and the additional momentum algorithm BP neural network. Firstly, tolerance analog circuit is simulated by OrCAD / Pspice circuit simulation software, accurately extracts fault waveform data by matlab program automatically. Secondly, using the adaptive learning rate and momentum BP algorithm to train neural network, and then applies it to analog circuit hard fault and soft fault diagnosis. With shorter training time, high precision and global convergence effectively reduces the misjudgment, missing, it can improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis and fast. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i9.3301

Observation of phase-flip transition in delay-coupled Nishio-Inaba circuits

We examine the dynamics of two time-delay coupled Nishio-Inaba circuits exhibiting limit-cycle motion. By numerically solving the governing delay-differential equations, we show that the delay coupled Nishio-Inaba circuits undergo a phase-flip transition. Our results reveal that depending on the strength of coupling and the amount of time-delay, the relative phase between the oscillators changes from in-phase to anti-phase and vice versa, and the pattern repeats with increasing delay. We also verify our numerical predictions using OrCAD PSpice circuit simulation.

Improved memristor-based relaxation oscillator

This paper presents an improved memristor-based relaxation oscillator which offers higher frequency and wider tunning range than the existing reactance-less oscillators. It also has the capability of operating on two positive supplies or alternatively a positive and negative supply. Furthermore, it has the advantage that it can be fully integrated on-chip providing an area-efficient solution. On the other hand, The oscillation concept is discussed then a complete mathematical analysis of the proposed oscillator is introduced. Furthermore, the power consumption of the new relaxation circuit is discussed and validated by the PSPICE circuit simulations showing an excellent agreement. MATLAB results are also introduced to demonstrate the resistance range and the corresponding frequency range which can be obtained from the proposed relaxation oscillator.

Research of Modeling and Simulation of Aviation Ignition Equipment

Ignition energy of aviation ignition equipment is an important parameter for reliable launch of air jet. The factors are quite more that influence ignition energy and increasing the charge voltage of capacitance with high efficiency is an approach which increasing ignition energy efficiently. The charge voltage is the output voltage of switching power of ignition device. A mathematic model was constructed for switching power, and a mathematic expression were deduced about output voltage uo with input voltage ui and other elements parameters of switching power supply. An important conclusion were obtained which uo mainly depended on input voltage ui, load RL, dynatron collector peak current ICM on certain condition through a smart transform. When increasing ui, RL, ICM , uo increasing observably. The PSpice circuit simulation software is used for simulation, and the results show that the above conclusion is valid and feasible.

신뢰도 향상을 위해 SCR을 응용한 서지 보호회로 개발

A surge protection device of the metal oxide varistor(MOV) has been commonly used for preventing electrical damage in many electronic equipments. The MOV has a property that leakage current is increased and might be permanently damaged when it is exposed continuously to the electrical stresses such as lightening surges. In this paper, we propose a novel surge protection circuit adopting a silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) in the traditional protection circuits using the MOV device simultaneously. When lightning surges are injected to the proposed circuit, the MOV lets the surge pulses bypassing through the ground at first up to the level that SCR begins to operate. Above the threshold level of turning on the SCR, the SCR operates bypasses large surge currents to the ground. Proposed circuit was verified with a leakage current experiment and PSpice circuit simulations under the repeated surge injection environment.

PSPICE circuit simulation of microbolometer infrared detectors with noise sources

In this paper, we present a method of incorporating various types of noise in circuit simulation of a microbolometer infrared detector to analyze the effect of noise on its performance. This ability of simulating electro-thermal performance of microbolometers in circuit simulation platform along with their noise performance allows designing of its suitable readout integrated circuit (ROIC). Being an electro-thermal device, a microbolometer has both the electrical and thermal components interacting with each other. Therefore, the noise sources existing in standard circuit simulators cannot predict the noise of a microbolometer correctly. Disturbances coming from the background radiation, device temperature fluctuations, flicker noise and the Johnson noise etc. contribute in the total noise of a microbolometer element. All these components of noise can be incorporated using the proposed simulation technique. The technique also allows modifying the frequency response of the noise in simulations as per the user defined noise spectrum, making it suitable for any type of microbolometer.

Analysis of damping resistor’s effects on pulse response of self-integrating Rogowski coil with magnetic core

A self-integrating Rogowski coil with magnetic core is investigated for accurate measurement of high-impulse current in this paper. Usually, the distributed parameters of Rogowski coil generate deleterious high-frequency resonant signal parasitizing in the useful signal of the coil circuit. Damping resistors can be used to eliminate the parasitic resonant component of the signal. In this paper, damping effects of the damping resistors on the output signal of Rogowski coil are studied in detail. According to circuit theory, approximate circuit equations of Rogowski coil with lumped parameters in simplification are put forward. Response signal of coil is analyzed and a reasonable method for choosing damping resistance is also presented. When the 50Ω damping resistance is used, the amplitude of parasitic resonant signal has been damped by 5.7 times in contrast to the situation without any damping resistance. Result of Pspice circuit simulation corresponds to the theoretical calculation result. A standard 10ns square pulse has been used to calibrate the coil signal before and after the damping resistors soldering on the coil, respectively. Experimental results show that the response time of the coil with magnetic core is 1.1ns and the parasitic resonance in the coil signal is almost eliminated. The coil can accurately detect high-pulse current at kA range.

Application of Ant Colony Algorithm to the Analysis of Common Mode EMI Model of DC Motor

The Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) of direct current (DC) motor windings is a system model which is used to reflect the functional characters of the system in the whole EMC specified frequency (150 KHz ~ 30 MHz). For most motor designing process, it is always used to evaluate the inductance of windings in lower or working frequency; however, when analyzing the conducted interference, it is necessary to take some pa-rameters in high frequency into account in building up the EMC model, such as the noticeable capacitance distributed among the windings or between windings and shells. Past research neglected the common-mode current generated by the high frequency interference within motor bearings coupled with shells, since the parasitic capacitance of rotor core comes from armature windings supplied sufficient paths. In EMC model-ing process for DC motor problem, first, test the impedance of windings by experiments; then, generate the equivalent circuit with overall parameters. At present, it is a difficulty that how to choose the parameters. Most researchers preferred to adopt analytical calculation results, however, it could not reflect the essence of the model since it requires many simplification. Based on this point, this paper adopted ant colony algorithm (ACA) with positive feedback to intelligently search and globally optimize the parameters of equivalent cir-cuit. Simulation result showed that the impedance of equivalent circuit calculated by this algorithm was the same as experimental result in the whole EMC frequency. In order to further confirm the validity of ACA, PSPICE circuit simulation was implemented to simulate the spectrum of common mode Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of equivalent circuit. The simulation result accords well with the experiment result re-ceived by EMI receiver. So it sufficiently demonstrated correctness of ACA in the analysis of high frequency equivalent circuit.

Modeling and Simulation of Simple Flux-Trapping FCGs Utilizing PSpice Software

A novel modeling and simulation method for flux-trapping flux-compression generators (FT-FCGs) is presented, which utilizes PSpice circuit-simulation software to solve complex differential equations derived from circuit analysis. The primary motivation for the model development is the desire for a technique to rapidly design and prototype FT-FCGs for use as drivers in high-power microwave sources. The derivation of FT-FCG equations will be given, both in the ideal (lossless) and nonideal cases. For the nonideal case, three flux conservation coefficients are added to the equations to account for intrinsic flux loss in the circuit. Time-varying inductance curves are calculated using zero-dimensional models found in literature and adapted to fit this model. A simple FT-FCG design is used as an example to show the steps taken to complete a simulation. The same design was also fabricated and tested for comparison with predicted results from the model. A comparison of the waveforms acquired through simulation and experiment was found to result in good agreement for a given set of values for the flux conservation coefficients. A discussion of the derived equations, both lossless and nonideal, is given, as well as a discussion on the investigation of the impact of the three flux constants on the circuit. Analysis is offered on the results of this investigation, and conclusions are given on the effectiveness of this model to predict FT-FCG behavior.

The Analysis of Parameter Limitation in Diode-Clamped Resonant Gate Drive Circuit

 Abstract—Switching loss has to be reduced in order to improve converter's performance and efficiency. In high switching frequency, the effect of the loss is much greater. The duty ratio, dead time and inductor value are the limiting parameters which bring implications on the switching loss and hence total gate drive loss. Using PSpice circuit simulator, the optimization of these parameters have been carried out and it is found that the duty ratio, dead time and resonant inductor value are 20 %, 15 ns and 9 nH respectively. The details for choosing these values are presented in this paper.

Single-Colloidal Particle Impedance Spectroscopy: Complete Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules

We present a high-speed microfluidic technique for characterizing the dielectric properties of individual polyelectrolyte microcapsules with different shell thicknesses using single-particle electrical impedance spectroscopy. Complete equivalent circuit analysis is developed to describe the electrical behavior of solid homogeneous microparticles and shelled microcapsules in suspension. The complete circuit model, which includes the resistance of the shell layer and the capacitance of the inner core, has been used to determine the permittivity and conductivity in the shell of single capsules. The PSpice circuit simulations, based on the developed complete circuit models, are used to analyze the experimental data. The relative permittivity of the polyelectrolyte capsule shell is determined to be 50, and the conductivities of the shells of six- and nine-layer microcapsules are estimated to be 28 +/- 6 and 3.3 +/- 1.7 mS m(-1), respectively.

Development of a Repetitive Wave Erection Marx Generator

A repetitive ten-stage wave erection Marx generator is developed to investigate the electrical characteristics of such compact devices and potentially provide an economical approach to realize the miniaturization of intense electron beam accelerators. Compact design has been made for the generator in order to achieve a proper stray capacitance of the spark gap electrode with respect to the ground in each stage because these proper grounded stray capacitances are critical for obtaining a good wave erection process. This generator is initially resistively isolated for single-shot tests and then changed to inductively isolated for repetitive operation. In single-shot experiments, the generator is tested to be able to deliver a high-voltage pulse of 210 kV and a rise time of about 5 ns on a 90-Omega dummy load at a charging voltage of 40 kV. This result agrees basically with that of the PSpice circuit simulation, which adopts a self-breakdown spark gap model. The preliminary experimental results of repetitive operation show that at a charging voltage of 30 kV, the generator can operate at 8.5 Hz without gas blow-off from the internal spark gaps, producing an output pulse of 150 kV and a rise time of less than 20 ns. Differences in the output pulse waveforms between resistively and inductively isolated configurations are analyzed.

All injection level power PiN diode model including temperature dependence

A novel power PiN diode model is derived based on the generalised all-injection level minority carrier drift–diffusion theory. An equivalent lossy transmission lines describing the carriers transport trough arbitrarily doped emitter and base quasi-neutral regions are defined. The extended electro-thermal diode model including temperature dependences of carrier transport parameters is also described and implemented in circuit simulator PSPICE. By tuning a small set of model parameters, an excellent agreement of modelling results with numerical simulations of realistic power PiN diode is obtained for different switching conditions and temperatures.

Influence of Non-uniform Distribution of Grains on Noise Absorption Characteristics of ZnO Varistors

Noise absorbing process of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) varistors was analyzed by using equivalent circuit of the sample varistors. Equivalent circuit for the ZnO varistor was proposed by considering the microstructure of a special type of varistor made for the experimental purpose. We considered every grain between the internal electrodes and made an equivalent circuit. The circuit's parameters were determined by PSpice circuit simulator. We regarded a portion of the internal electrode and made a uniform model with a non-uniform model. A dc motor was connected with these models in parallel to investigate the effects of the non-uniformity of the ZnO grains in noise absorbing characteristics of a varistor. Comparing to the uniform model, resonance occurred in the non-uniform model while absorbing noise, and thus the absorption of noise of the model was deteriorated. Transient current was calculated for each grains of these models to investigate the effect the deterioration of noise absorbing characteristics. Localized current was found in the non-uniform model when resonance occurred to absorb transient voltage from our calculations.

The Effect of Temperature on the Operation of Quantum Well Laser: A Simulation Study Based on Three-Level Rate Equations

A temperature-dependent quantum well laser equivalent circuit model based on three-level rate equations is presented. The model is simulated using an ORCAD PSPICE circuit simulator. The characteristic properties such as threshold current, delay, and frequency response are simulated and compared with the available results. Included are temperature effect, leakage current, and heat dissipation effect on the chip. Threshold current increases, whereas turn on delay and optical output decrease with increasing temperature. An increase in temperature also reduces the operating frequency and resonance peak shifts to higher frequency. It is also observed that the modulation response of a QW laser with shorter separate confinement heterostructure region is more sensitive to the temperature variation.

Noise analysis of a very low‐level DC current amplifier using photocoupler negative feedback circuit

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanism by which a very low‐level DC current amplifier using a photocoupler negative feedback circuit with positive feedback begins to oscillate, its output noise analysis is conducted. In addition, noise source models in the form of the electronic circuit simulator PSpice were made, and transient and frequency analyses of a very low‐level DC current amplifier with the models were simulated using PSpice. It was observed that the output behavior of the simulated equivalent circuit was approximately similar to that of the experimental circuit. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 17–25, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20266

An Analytical Model for the Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (LIGBT) on Thin SOI

While there are several analytical models dedicated to vertical insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) there is virtually no reliable model for lateral IGBTs (LIGBTs). LIGBTs are increasingly popular in smart power and power integrated circuits, especially in those applications where high voltage (e.g., 600 V) and high current capability (e.g., 30 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) are required. In this paper, we report for the first time a complete analytical model for the LIGBT based on semiconductor physics with very few fitting parameters. The model is implemented in the widely available circuit simulator PSpice. The model consistently describes the current and voltage waveforms for all loading conditions. The model is assessed against finite element device simulations and experimental results