Provision Of Programs Research Articles

Optimasi K-Means dengan Algoritma Genetika untuk Target Pemanfaat Air Bersih Provinsi Riau

Clean water is an important thing in human life. Several actions have been taken by the government to meet the clean water needs of the Riau province. One of them is the Community Based Drinking Water and Sanitation Provision program. Before carrying out activities related to the provision of clean water to the community, the targets to be achieved for the provision of clean water in the future will be determined. This study aims to klaster clean water beneficiary targets using the k-means algorithm with an optimization of the centroid value using a genetic algorithm. Average silhouette number is used to get the optimal number of klasters, which is two klasters. The results of klaster validity were measured using the Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) method where klasterization without optimization resulted in a DBI of 2.164763 and the results of klasterization by carrying out genetic optimization on the centroid value resulted in a DBI value of 2.06894.

Imperial spectacle and emergency shelters: the American Red Cross programmes presented at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, 1915

ABSTRACT The article hinges on the important political changes and imperial anxieties that characterized the U.S. at the tail end of the nineteenth century. As the country was attempting to rise to international prominence with military and economic means, it authorized the American Red Cross (ARC) to operate in foreign lands and transmit narratives of American benevolence and exceptionalism. One such narrative was the ARC exhibit at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE) in San Francisco. Amidst the exposition’s disorienting tableau of displays, the organization exhibited its shelter provision and famine relief programmes in Messina and Reggio di Calabria, Italy, and the Huai River Valley, China, capturing the imagination of fairgoers and winning a slew of exposition prizes. This article traces both the history of these two programmes and their museological deployment at the PPIE; and, traces how U.S. humanitarian programmes morphed into a primary instrument for advancing the country’s geopolitical ambitions. Ultimately, I argue that the ARC and its international programmes attempted to materialize the country’s expansionist visions by exporting reforms in U.S. colonial or commercial outposts.

Improving the efficiency of the medicine provision system for patients with malignant neoplasms

Background. One of the priorities of health care is the balance between the financial resources and the availability of effective medical care. The current approach of access to cancer medicines limits the timeliness and availability of treatment. At the same time, financial support from the government provides great costs on cancer drugs. However, these great costs are not rational.Objective: to assess the financing needs of the complete transfer of financial support of medical care in the field of oncology to the Compulsory Health Insurance (CHI) system by means of optimizing the functions of the day hospital.Material and methods. The achievement of the goal is planned to be reached by eliminating the unusual functions of oncological day hospital. We analyzed the regulatory legal documents regulating drug care and drug provision in the Russian Federation, data from depersonalized (anonymized) registers of the structure of hospitalizations in a day hospital for 2021. The methods of expert assessments, mathematical modeling, as well as literature data analysis were used. The study developed a model for assessing the need to finance the full transfer of medicine provision to the CHI system, including taking into account the hidden deficit.Results. The total amount of funds released from the reduction of irrational hospitalizations in day hospital conditions amounted to 2.08% of the funding level of the analyzed schemes. Taking into account the data of hospitalizations in oncological day hospital for 2021, the number of irrational hospitalizations in case of transfer of selected schemes to the outpatient stage will decrease by 16.1%. The transfer of all the medicine therapy to financing from the CHI funds will require significant additional budget expenditures in the amount of 62.5 billion rubles or 2.65% of the total costs of the State Guarantees Program for Provision of Free Medical Care to Citizens.Conclusion. Despite the rationality of the proposed changes in the field of improving access to medicine provision concerning cancer drugs and the identified justifications for changing the distribution of financial resources within the State Guarantees Program, there are difficulties. In order to solve this problem, a coordinated consideration of potential strategies to address the access to cancer medicines is needed.

Information Provision to Breastfeeding Mothers in a Developing Country: The Potentials of Public Libraries

ABSTRACT This paper examined the involvement of public libraries in information provision to breastfeeding mothers in a developing country – Nigeria. It noted the importance of necessary and adequate information in the health care of both mother and child during the breastfeeding period. It further outlined the types of information needed by breastfeeding mothers and the role of public libraries in the provision of the various types of information. The paper identified the challenges inhibiting information provision for breastfeeding mothers to include negative attitude of breastfeeding mothers, digital divide, and poor state of libraries among others. It recommended the involvement of government and nongovernmental agencies in the provision of education and enlightenment programs for women in order to improve on their literacy levels and effect attitudinal changes toward their reception of formal healthcare information; it also recommended the intervention of government and donor agencies in the revitalization of public libraries and provision of necessary infrastructure for information provision especially in rural areas.

Restorative Pedagogy in the University Criminology Classroom: Learning about Restorative Justice with Restorative Practices and Values

This paper explores the use of restorative practices and values to facilitate teaching and learning regarding restorative justice in undergraduate criminology curricula in England and Wales. Applications of restorative practice, inside and outside of criminal justice contexts, continue to progress and strengthen in the UK and internationally. Similarly, the provision of undergraduate criminology programmes at universities in England and Wales, and globally, has increased substantially in recent decades. Yet, limited research has been conducted regarding the way restorative justice is taught at universities, particularly in a UK higher education context. This paper draws on research which set out to examine the extent and form of restorative justice knowledge production and exclusion, in undergraduate criminology programmes in England and Wales. In doing so, the innovative and effective use of restorative practice pedagogically was exposed. Evidence presented in this paper was collected via seven semi-structured interviews with criminology academics working at six different universities, and three focus groups with undergraduate criminology students, each at a different university. By exploring perspectives of academics and students regarding the use of restorative practices and values to support teaching and learning about restorative justice, this paper argues that real-world contextualisation, collaboration, and experiential learning are key elements of restorative pedagogy within undergraduate criminology.

Challenges to Measuring School Provision of Mental Health Programs, Practices, and Resources

Challenges to Measuring School Provision of Mental Health Programs, Practices, and Resources

Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in China: Comparison between private market provision and national immunization programs

ABSTRACT In China, progress to include the RV vaccine in the national immunization program (NIP) is slow. The only two vaccines, the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR) and Rotateq, are provided through the private market. This study aims to assess the health impact and cost-effectiveness of using three vaccines in the NIP, Rotateq, Rotarix, and LLR, compared to the status quo. A decision-tree Markov model was adopted to follow the 2019 birth cohort, and a societal perspective was used. Input parameters were based on the latest local data when possible. Outcomes included cases and deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER). Sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses to consider herd immunity and vaccine price reduction were performed. Including Rotateq in the NIP was projected to prevent 348 million RVGE cases (62.6% reduction) and 4251 deaths (72.6% reduction) compared to the status quo. Rotarix through the NIP would prevent 48.7% of cases and 63.2% of deaths, and LLR would avert 20.3% of cases and 22.4% of deaths. The ICERs per QALY gained were US$ 8833 for Rotateq through the NIP, US$ 9503 for Rotarix, and US$ 26,759 for LLR. In uncertainty analyses, the reduction of vaccine prices and the incorporation of herd immunity further improved the cost-effectiveness of the NIPs, especially Rotateq or Rotarix. In conclusion, introducing the RV vaccine in China’s NIP is expected to be cost-effective compared to the GDP per capita. Reducing vaccine prices and adopting vaccines with better efficacy would be the future focus.

Benefits of Digital Mental Health Care Interventions for Correctional Workers and Other Public Safety Personnel: A Narrative Review

Chronic exposure to stressors and potentially psychologically traumatic events contributes to the high prevalence of mental health disorders in correctional workers (CWs) and other public safety personnel (PSP). Digital mental health interventions are an accessible and scalable method of improving and maintaining the mental health of this population. The current review explores the benefits of digital mental health interventions for PSP–with a focus on CWs–and how these innovations can address the limitations in in-person mental health care. A systematic literature search of five databases (Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar) was conducted until March 2022. The search yielded 16 publications that focused on digital mental health interventions or care available to CWs and other PSP. The benefits of digital innovations were summarized into five categories which discussed (1) their ability to enhance accessibility and reduce stigma; (2) the provision of evidence-based and structured psychotherapy programs; (3) variability in the degree of therapist engagement; (4) the integration of proactive interventions; and (5) enhancing engagement by acknowledging unique experiences and interpersonal relationships. Although digital mental health technologies for CWs are still in their infancy, there is strong evidence to support their effectiveness in ameliorating symptoms of mental distress. Future research should consider how ethnicity, gender, culture, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status can be integrated into these therapies and how the interplay between different stakeholders and organizations can impact the effectiveness of online therapies and programs.

Peranan Employee Stock Ownership Program Memoderasi Hubungan Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan

Company performance is the company's ability to use all funds for operational activities. One of the factors that increase or decrease the company's performance is caused by intellectual capital. Intellectual capital is an asset owned by the company in order to provide a competitive advantage. This study aims to examine and analyze the employee stock ownership program in the relationship between intellectual capital and company performance. This research method uses quantitative descriptive using purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 38 with the number of observations of 43 banking companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2019. The data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square approach with the WarpPLS 7.0 test tool. The results show that capital employed has a negative and significant effect on company performance. Human capital and structural capital have a significant positive effect on company performance. Relational capital is stated to have a positive but not significant effect on the company's performance. The implementation of the employee stock ownership program as a moderating variable is used to support employee morale, not being able to influence all components of intellectual capital, but only being able to moderate human capital. The results of this study indicate that human resources are the main component in the development of the banking business, especially the provision of employee stock ownership programs that can improve company performance.

Post Pandemic Research Trends on Challenges and Outcomes in Education: A Case-study of HEC Recognized Journals of Education 2020- 2021

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to explore the research trends on challenges and outcomes of post pandemic education. The researcher has conducted a meta-analysis of HEC recognized journals of education published in post pandemic period that is 2020-2021. 
 Methodology: The study has adopted qualitative approach following case-study design. The population of the study is comprised of each of 2 issues of 14 journals of education recognised by higher education commission of Pakistan. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample size was 21 articles based on the inclusion criteria which directs to select only those articles discussing the post COVID context of teaching-learning process. The data was collected through a literature review matrix which was developed to classify the articles for various themes generated after critical review. After reviewing the selected articles, different themes were generated such as Pandemic and higher education, psychological aspects of post pandemic context, learning experiences in Covid-19, remote teaching and challenges, assessment and distant learning using content analysis technique.
 Findings: This content analysis revealed that COVID-19 has increased the scope of online education by showing an increasing trend of Hybrid model in education. The research has highlighted the effect of COVID-19 on teachers and learners particularly and the system of education generally. It further explored the issue related to depression and anxiety and challenges related to energy crises. 
 Implications: This study recommends that to overcome such issues and challenges there should be provision of professional development programs for the teachers to prepare them for future circumstances.

MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF PRESCRIBED DIAGNOSTIC TEST SYSTEMS AND PURCHASED TARGETED DRUGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA IN ST. P

Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the currently existing system of drug provision for oncological patients requires the creation of unified mechanisms that allow for the reasonable purchase of targeted drugs by increasing molecular genetic testing in medical institutions, as well as rational use of state budget funds. As part of the state registration procedure and on the basis of clinical and economic analysis, it is necessary to determine the types of necessary new medical technologies, providing appropriate amounts in the budgets of the program of state guarantees and preferential drug provision for the population, with justification for calculating tariffs.

Study of regional indicators of preferential medication provi-sion for persons who have had acute cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), on the example of the Tyumen region

Goal. To study the indicators characterizing the program of preferential medication provision in the Tyumen region for persons suffering from acute cardiovascular diseases for the period 2020-2022. In particular, the structure and amount of funds from the budgets of all levels allocated for the provision of medication care to this category of patients, the number of citizens included in the regional Register of persons who have had acute cardiovascular diseases, the number of provided prescriptions for preferential medication provision, their average cost. To identify the main trends in the development of a new strand in the preferential provision of medicines for patients of medical organizations in the Tyumen region. Materials and methods. In the study of indicators, methods were used: situational-logical, content analysis, structural, system, computer technologies. Results. The organization of a new strand of preferential medication provision for people who have suffered acute cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction and other diseases has been studied. An analysis of the regulatory and legal regulation of preferential medication provision, indicators affecting the availability of medication care to patients of medical organizations based on monitoring stocks of medicines, their receiving by pharmacies, prescribing and dispensing necessary medicines was carried out. Conclusion. The Program of preferential provision of necessary medicines is being implemented at the expense of the federal (27%) and regional (73%) budgets in Tyumen region for providing primary health care to the patients who have suffered acute cardiovascular diseases. Indicators of medicine provision (program funding, number of prescriptions provided, average prescription cost) are dynamic, tend to grow and indicate the availability of medication care.

In their own words: Parents’ voices about a book-provision program

Book distribution or book provision programs that provide free books to families with young children have become increasingly popular approaches to promote home literacy practices. This qualitative study aimed to understand parents’ perceptions of the implementation of a book provision program and its impact on their families’ literacy practices and behaviors. Forty-three parents participated in twelve focus groups in which they were asked about the perceived benefits of participating in the program. Participant parents were born in the U.S., Mexico, Central and South America, and Africa, had spent more than five years living in the U.S., and had attained different levels of education. At home, parents spoke only English, mostly Spanish, or two different languages in addition to English. Thirty-nine percent of the parents were Black (not all of whom were African American), and 53% were Latinx. Findings suggested that parents had positive views towards the program’s impact on their family’s literacy practices. Specifically, Spanish-speaking families reported appreciation for learning new ways of engaging their children in shared reading. Parents considered the opportunities offered by the program, congruent with their cultural models. They believed that participating in the program allow them to be part of a community and that shared reading was a means to strengthen their relationship with their children. Results highlight the importance of considering families’ cultural models in the design and implementation of book provision programs.

A Qualitative Analysis of the Mental Health Training and Educational Needs of Firefighters, Paramedics, and Public Safety Communicators in Canada.

Background—Public safety personnel (PSP) are at heightened risk of developing mental health challenges due to exposures to diverse stressors including potentially psychologically traumatic experiences. An increased focus on protecting PSP mental health has prompted demand for interventions designed to enhance resilience. While hundreds of available interventions are aimed to improve resilience and protect PSPs’ mental health, research evidence regarding intervention effectiveness remains sparse. Methods—Focus groups with PSP elicited a discussion of psychoeducational program content, preferred modes of program delivery, when such training should occur, and to whom it ought to be targeted. Results—The results of thematic analyses suggest that PSP participants feel that contemporary approaches to improving mental health and resilience are lacking. While welcomed, the provision of sporadic one-off mental health and resilience programs by organizations was seen as insufficient, and the available organizational mental health supports were perceived as being questionable. The available programs also left participants feeling insufficiently prepared to deal with personal mental health problems and in discussing mental health concerns with co-workers. Conclusions—Participants reported needing more engaging methods for delivering information, career-long mental health knowledge acquisition, and a systems approach to improve the workplace culture, particularly regarding mental health.

The professional identity of school counsellors in East and Southeast Asia

AbstractA strong counsellor professional identity is associated with the provision of more effective school counselling programmes. However, many school counsellors in East and Southeast Asia carry out wide‐ranging and poorly defined roles, occupy marginalised positions in schools, and have limited access to communities of practice and professional development. To provide more effective support for children’s well‐being, a greater focus on the professional identity of school counsellors in the region is needed. A significant task for professional school counselling organisations is the promotion of counselling in schools as an important and distinct professional role.

Culture of Healthy Eating and Food Environments, Policies, and Practices in Regional New Zealand Schools.

The school food environment plays an important role in shaping students’ dietary choices, which often influence future dietary behaviours. We surveyed primary and secondary schools in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand, to measure the comprehensiveness and strength of food policies, describe the culture of food provision, and identify barriers to improving school food environments. Fifty-one schools were included in the final analysis, with 58.8% having a food policy, most of which used a generic template. Schools with food policies and those participating in the free and healthy lunch programme were more likely to have a strong culture around healthy eating. Common barriers to healthy eating were food outlets near school and resistance from students. Secondary schools reported facing more barriers to implementing healthy eating cultures, were more likely to use food as classroom rewards and to sell food to students, most of which was unhealthy. Hawke’s Bay schools participating in food provision programmes are successfully improving their food environments through improved culture and delivery of healthy food; however, more action is needed to strengthen the wording and guidance in food policies and reduce the provision of unhealthy food in schools before effective change can be achieved.

Municipal government adaptive capacity programs for vulnerable populations during the U.S. energy transition

The ongoing energy transition, while delivering immense positive societal benefits, also poses specific risks to vulnerable populations. Although municipal governments are uniquely situated to help identify these populations, little is known presently about the role that local governments play in addressing the risks and exposures related to the energy transition. Using a survey of municipal Chief Administrative Officers and secondary data on energy burden and fossil fuel job losses, we evaluate what municipal efforts exist and examine empirically the factors that influence such adaptive capacity efforts using a series of logistic regressions. We find that municipal programs, such as energy bill assistance, weatherization, job training support, and worker financial assistance are not widely pursued, and that perceived vulnerability, rather than actual vulnerability, is associated with municipal adaptive capacity programs. Such programs are typically part of a broader package of other clean energy initiatives. We further find that the provision of adaptive capacity programs is correlated with the size of a municipality's budget for certain types of assistance and with the political orientation of citizens.

The Effect of Built Environment on Physical Health and Mental Health of Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China.

At present, there is a lack of research examining the relationships between the built environment and health status from a social epidemiological perspective. With this in mind, the present study aimed to explore the construct validity of housing/neighborhood conditions and evaluate the associations between the built environment and self-rated health among Chinese residents. To conduct the analysis, data from 4906 participants were derived from the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS). Specifically, we used exploratory factor analysis to identify construct of housing/neighborhood factors and performed principal component regression (PCR) to assess the relationship between the built environment and both self-rated physical health and mental health. This process identified five common factors that corresponded to the built environment, including housing affordability, housing quality, neighborhood services, neighborhood physical environment, and perceived environment. The regression results suggested that housing affordability was negatively related to health status. Meanwhile, the services, physical environment, and perceived environment of neighborhoods were related to positive health outcomes. The influence of housing on health exhibits group heterogeneity: respondents in the 41 to 65 age group were most vulnerable to poor built environments. Whilst the results indicated that housing factors and neighborhood conditions were related to health outcomes, their influence varied across different age groups. Future interventions should be intentionally designed to target housing affordability and neighborhood factors, which may include the provision of housing assistance programs and planning layouts.

0513 Sleep in Children in Need of a Bed and Living in Poverty

Abstract Introduction Healthy sleep is important for child development, with youth living in poverty and especially those who do not have a bed at greater risk for sleep issues. This study assessed sleep in school-aged children identified by social services as needing a bed and living in poverty. Methods Fifty-two families (100% living ≤ 100% of the US poverty line) of children ages 8-12 years (M= 9.65; 55.8% girls; 61.5% non-Latinx Black) referred to a non-profit bed provision program completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures of child sleep disturbances, sleep-related impairment, and sleep practices prior to bed provision. Comparisons were made to normative data for each measure based on converted T-scores/means. Results T-scores (M = 50; SD = 10) for caregiver and child reported child sleep disturbances (M= 46.81 and 47.22, respectively) and sleep-related impairment (M= 56.82 and 53.33, respectively) fell within the normal range. Although few caregiver-child dyads reported clinically significant (> 1 SD above the mean) child sleep disturbances (7.7% and 10.8%, respectively), 30.7% of caregivers and 27.4% of children reported clinically significant child sleep impairment scores compared to an expected rate of 15.9% from normative data. Regarding sleep practices, few caregiver (11.5%) and child (9.8%) reports of problematic sleep timing and caregiver-rated child bedtime routine inconsistency (13.5%) were > 1 SD above the normative mean. However, 25.5% of youth reported inconsistent bedtime routine scores > 1 SD above the normative mean, while 25.0% of caregivers and 31.4% of youth reported scores > 1 SD above the normative mean for child difficulty falling asleep without caregiver presence at bedtime. The prevalence of these elevated scores were greater than the expected prevalence of 15.9% in normative data. Conclusion Overall, children living in poverty and without an individual bed score similar to normative samples on sleep measures. However, a greater proportion of youth in this sample showed clinically significant sleep impairments and poor sleep practices compared to normative data. Future studies are needed to understand and promote healthy sleep among youth living in poverty. Support (If Any) American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation

On the Student Internet Activity via Both Virtual Simulations and Remote Laboratory for Scientific Education

Focusing on the approach for developing professional skills, this paper is dedicated to the University on-line education as a pedagogical tool for material science and solid state physics as well. Two strategies described within the comparative analysis are based on the students tests performed at the Southern Federal University. A remote access to the research laboratory infrastructure allows our approach for the interactive simulations-based learning process with the provision of individual educational programs to be launched. This problem is presently of urgent interests, and applied in material science we have discussed its importance from different perspectives, i.e. to teach X-ray spectroscopy via the interactive software simulation of modern equipment or to perform a research at remote laboratories in a real time. Within this note we conceptually analyse some quantitative data of the learning process for a number of students that formed at both interactive sense-making and learning by doing.