Provision Of Programs Research Articles

Antifungal Stewardship Programs in Children: Challenges and Opportunities.

Antifungal Stewardship Programs in Children: Challenges and Opportunities.

0777 Feasibility and Acceptability of Personalized Sleep Health Education as Part of Bed Provision for Families Living in Poverty

Abstract Introduction Socioeconomic sleep health disparities begin in childhood but there are few feasible and scalable community-based approaches to promote pediatric sleep health. This study aimed to determine community provider and family acceptability of community provider-delivered sleep health education. Methods Forty-four families (90% mothers) of children ages 8-12 years (Mage=9.9; 64% girls; 64% African American/Black; 23% Hispanic/Latinx) participating in an intervention condition of a randomized trial completed two personalized, telephone-based sleep health education sessions with a community provider. This intervention and the providers were part of a non-profit bed provision program for children without beds and living at or below 100% of the US poverty level. Data on feasibility from the community providers and treatment acceptability from the families were collected. Results Thirty-eight families (86%) completed both intervention sessions. The first session (n=38) averaged 15 minutes (SD=4 mins), while the second session (n=36) averaged 8 minutes (SD = 2.5 mins). Community providers indicated that the sleep health education delivery was feasible to implement, citing the easy integration into their typical program workflow (e.g., session 1 occurred during calls to schedule bed deliveries) as a key determinant of future sustainability. Providers also highlighted many positive experiences, noting that the sleep health discussions helped them to get to know program participants better. In terms of intervention acceptability, 87% of families agreed/strongly agreed that “overall, [they had] a positive reaction to these strategies,” and 81% agreed/strongly agreed that “[they] found these strategies to be an acceptable way of helping [their] child sleep.” In addition, 87% agreed/strongly agreed they would use the sleep strategies if they wanted to change their child sleep habits in the future, 84% liked the strategies they learned, 84% believed the strategies were effective, and 90% reported the strategies were likely to result in permanent sleep improvements. Conclusion Overall, a community provider-delivered sleep health education was highly feasible for providers, with strong intervention retention and excellent caregiver acceptability ratings. Training community providers to deliver sleep health education is a promising strategy for disseminating evidence-based sleep health information on a larger scale and promoting pediatric sleep health equity. Support (if any) American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation

A Study on College Life Experiences and Support Strategies of Students Participating in Higher Education Programs for Students with Developmental Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of students with developmental disabilities on higher education programs at universities and to suggest the strategies to improve the quality of their college life experiences. For the purpose of this study, survey were implemented for students participating in the higher education program for people with developmental disabilities. Survey was conducted by distributing the questionnaire through mail, e-mail, and direct visits. In the research results, the future vision of students who want to achieve through participation in higher education programs was presented, and the results of analysis of academic characteristics and motivation, academic cognitive characteristics, social responsibility and leadership characteristics of students participating in higher education programs were presented. Through the results of this study, it will not only be possible to improve the quality of higher education programs that students with developmental disabilities can participate in, but also to improve their quality of life through the provision of appropriate programs.

The Effect of Locus of Control, Leadership Style, and Professional Training on Internal Auditor Performance

This research empirical study was conducted on 9 State-Owned Enterprises in Palembang City, Indonesia with 35 company internal auditors as respondents. This study aims to answer the hypothesis about the influence of Locus of Control, Leadership Style and Professional Training on the performance of internal auditors. The method used is a quantitative method. The results of the study show that locus of control has no significant effect, this means that the source of individual behavior can come from internal and external factors. Individuals with an external locus of control have more limitations in processing information so that their performance is less than optimal. This behavior proves that individual characteristics can affect auditor performance. But in fact obtained from a preliminary survey at PT. Bureau of Classification of Indonesia Bureau stated that this company did not implement a locus of control, which according to this company the locus of control was not related to the performance of the auditors themselves., leadership style has no significant effect, leadership style is a leader's way of influencing other people/subordinates in such a way that the person wants to do the leader's will to achieve organizational goals even though personally it may not be liked but in this study leadership style did not affect the performance of internal auditors. with a negative influence value because state-owned companies have not implemented democratic type leadership behavior, which means that all control is in the hands of company leaders regardless of the opinions and desires of their subordinates and professional training has a significant effect on the performance of internal auditors, meaning the provision of professional training programs will have a greater influence in improving auditor performance. Auditor experience gained through training conducted by the company will increase accuracy and gain new experience in auditing audits. Partially locus of control and leadership style have no significant effect on the performance of internal auditors, while professional training has a significant effect on internal auditor performance.

ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF RURAL- URBAN MIGRATION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN ESAN CENTRAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA.

The study examined the effects of rural- urban migration on agricultural production in Esan Central Local Government Area of Edo State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted in selecting respondents for the study. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect data from the respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentage and means while multiple regression was used to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the farmers were of mixed gender (56-3% male, 43.6% female). The mean age was 43years, 76.2% has formal education and an average household size of 5 persons with average of 2 migrants per household. Adequate extension education (mean = 1.16) was ranked first among the strategies for reducing rural migration while the multiple regression result showed that marital status (18.775, ≤ 0.05), education (20.900, ≥ 0.05), household size (20.025, ≤ 0.05) had significant relationship with the member of migrants in a household. It was concluded that migration majorly affected the respondents on labour shortage and significant relationship existed between the farmer’s marital status, education, and the number of respondents in a household. The study recommended provision of proper agricultural extension programmes and needed social amenities in the study area as identified as major causes of rural- urban migration. Proper agricultural extension programmes should be made available in the study area as this would helped to increase farmers knowledge on production practices and possible ways of reducing the effects of labour shortages. Lastly, farmers are encouraged to adopt farming technologies that will require less number of persons to carry out e.g. mechanization. This will address the problem of labour shortage

Health-promoting lifestyle and its predictors among health-related and non-health-related university students in Taiwan: a cross-sectional quantitative study

BackgroundUniversity students majoring in different disciplines are believed to have different personality traits, courses exposure, and future roles, which may further affect their health behaviors and health status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) and its predictors among health-related and non-health-related students.MethodsThe research participants were university students in the main island of Taiwan, and a two-stage sampling approach was adopted to obtain the samples from November 2020 to March 2021. First, 37 universities were randomly selected based on the ratio of public and private universities in each region of Taiwan. Then, based on the ratio of health-related and non-health-related majors of selected university, 25–30 students were randomly drawn from each university according to the student ID number to complete self-administered questionnaires, which included items for personal factors, perceived health status (PHS), health conception (HC), and health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP). A total of 1062 valid questionnaires were recovered, including 458 from health-related students and 604 from non-health-related students. Chi-squared test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe results showed that gender (p < 0.001), residential status (p = 0.023), body mass index (p = 0.016), and daily sleep duration (p = 0.034) of the students majoring in different disciplines were different. Health-related students having better HC (p = 0.002) and HPLP (p = 0.040) than non-health-related students. In addition, for both majors, females, low PHS scores, and low scores for functional/role, clinical, and eudaimonistic dimensions of HC were important indicators of a relatively negative HPLP, while health-related students who exercised 75 min or less per week and non-health-related students with a monthly disposable income of 15,000 TWD or less or who dined out 15 times or more per week also required attention in the promotion of HPL (health-related majors: adjusted R2 = 0.481, p < 0.001; non-health-related majors: adjusted R2 = 0.443, p < 0.001).ConclusionsStudents majoring in each discipline who had poor HPLP which is mentioned above should be prioritized in the provision of appropriate exercise or nutritional support programs on campus to promote their awareness and ability to pay attention to their health.

Interfacing between blended case teaching and international case competitions as undergraduate student inquiry and literacy in Marketing programmes

This practice example explores the inquiry-based relationship for students between case teaching and international competitions in Marketing. This work is based on the premise that undergraduate Marketing students in a College of Business should experience learning through and about inquiry and enhance their research literacy as a result. Although for many students research-oriented ways of engaging them with inquiry are fairly passive experiences, we believe student engagement in case study competitions offer a primarily active and exciting learning opportunity. In a broader sense, the framework offered by Healey &amp; Jenkins (2009) which is explored in this example, is based on the argument that research-informed inquiry is a powerful way to reinvent or reinvigorate the undergraduate curriculum because the focus is on the student as a learner - in particular that the student can be viewed as a potential producer of knowledge - and by challenging what research and inquiry are in practice, provide interesting perspectives for the Marketing discipline to consider for future programme provision.

Development of Prisoners and Convicts During the Covid Pandemic (Research Studies in Aceh Province)

The spread of the Corona virus disease (Covid-19) makes people have to take care of their health. A different situation is currently experienced by prisoners in prison. The numbers of prisoners that keeps increasing could cause depression and prone to Covid. The government issued a policy related to the provision of assimilation and reintegration programs in the context of preventing and overcoming the spread of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is currently still facing opposition in some circles of society. There are those that think the policy is wrong because in society the prisoners seem to be quarantined like and support the government program to stay at home and when they leave they’re still prone to infection. The purpose of this research is to analyze implementation, obstacle and efforts to developing prisoners in prisons in Aceh Province during the covid pandemic. The stages of method, is an empirical legal research with qualitative approach that uses primary data (observation and interview) directly from the specified informants. The process of developing prisoners in prisons will continue to be carried out optimally during this Covid pandemic. The government through the Ministry of Law and Human Rights has also worked around this by making regulations so that the development carried out can be more equitable and prioritize the health/safety of prisoners. Accelerating the process of integration and assimilation of prisoners into society is a solution to reduce overcrowding, which can be an easy factor for contracting Covid. Constraints: not all prisoners get a second vaccine due to lack of supply; overcrowding in prisons; the lack of medical personnel and other facilities, such as no ambulance, makes transportation difficult if there are sick prisoners. Keywords: development, prisoners, pandemic. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/132-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2023

Cost-effectiveness analysis of using atorvastatin, simvastatin, ezetimibe, alirocumab, evolocumab, inclisiran in adults with very high cardiovascular risk under the preferential drug provision program

Objective: to evaluate the clinical and economic feasibility of expanding the preferential drug provision (PDP) program for adult patients at very high cardiovascular (CV) risk, including those who have not reached lipid targets on statin therapy, by increasing the frequency of use of ezetimibe, alirocumab, evolocumab and inclisiran used in combination with statins, compared with current PDP practice (use of atorvastatin, simvastatin and minimal use of other drugs).Material and methods. A Markov model was constructed to characterize the development of atherosclerotic heart disease in patients with very high CV risk and to suggest a consistent change in hypolipidemic therapy if it is ineffective. The model considered patients' compliance to drug therapy over time and the factor of non-prescription of any treatment. The modeling horizon was 30 years, and the model cycle was 1 year. The outcomes used were quality-adjusted life years (QALY), life years gained (LYG), and probabilities of various individual and combined CV events. The baseline modeling scenario was to increase the frequency of рroprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors’ prescriptions. In addition, alternative scenarios were modeled that included prescription of highly effective lipid-lowering therapy for all patients who had not reached target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on statin therapy, and the scenario with 100% compliance to statin therapy.Results. In comparison with current practice of treatment of patients with very high CV risk, clinical and economic modeling showed a decrease in the incidence of combined outcomes (combined CV events – by 8%, extended combined CV events – by 9%) and individual CV events (heart attack – by 4%, stroke – by 3%, unstable angina – by 2%, revascularization – by 3%) in the baseline scenario. In scenarios of prescribing PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran to all patients who have not reached target values of LDL-C on statin therapy, the frequency of individual events ranged from 4% to 8%. In the scenario, which also implies 100% drug compliance, the reduction was from 8% to 17% compared with current patient management practices, characterized by lower frequency of hypolipidemic drugs, including PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for QALY in the baseline scenario was 3,598,156 rubles, the ICER for LYG was 1,949,393 rubles. When comparing the ICER with willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold in the Russian Federation (calculated as three times the gross domestic product per capita and in 2022 amounting to 2.8 million rubles per effect unit) the ICER for LYG did not exceed the WTP in all scenarios, while the ICER for QALY exceeded the WTP by 29–44%, depending on the realized scenario.Conclusion. Expanding the PDP program for high CV risk patients will have a positive impact on their quality of life and life expectancy, as well as significantly reduce the likelihood of acute CV events. Comparison of ICER with estimated WTP suggests that expansion of the PBP program is a cost-effective organizational technology according to LYG criterion, but not according to the QALY criterion.

Barriers and Facilitators for the Implementation of Exercise Oncology Provision in Germany: A Multilevel, Mixed-Methods Evaluation of the Network OnkoAktiv

Background. Strong evidence supports the beneficial impact of exercise on cancer patients. However, the provision of exercise programs in Germany is highly heterogeneous. Therefore, the network OnkoAktiv (OA) enables patient consultations and referrals from coordinating regional OA centers (RE) into community-based exercise programs (CBEP). Objective. The aim of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators for the implementation of OA network structures from the perspective of RE and certified CBEP. Methods. This evaluation was executed in a sequential mixed methods design. We conducted 16 qualitative interviews with each leader in RE and the certified CBEP. Then, 89 certified CBEP were invited to a quantitative, cross-sectional survey. Results. We identified 11 facilitators each for RE and certified CBEP, 7 barriers for RE and 5 for certified CBEP. Barriers dealt with, for example, financing OA network structures, a lack of knowledge of exercise trainers, inadequate patient referral, and missing collaborations by healthcare professionals (HCPs). Most of the named facilitators were adequate internal organizational resources, support and reachability of OA staffs, and collaboration with HCPs. Conclusion. Our findings indicate different challenges for the implementation of OA network structures. Future implementation efforts should consider the evaluation of individual barriers and the development of specific solutions.

Patient Experience Factors and Implications for Improvement Based on the Treatment Journey of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.

Based on the treatment journey, this study aimed to present insights into improving the patient-centered service experience for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. We interviewed and observed patients, caregivers, and doctors. We conducted a qualitative content analysis and service clue analysis to identify barriers and enablers to patient care and to derive insights into the patient experience (PE). We received feedback from doctors considering the priority, importance, and feasibility of improvements and classified the insights into three service experience aspects, to suggest improvement directions. As a result, the 'functional' aspect of service experience stressed the importance of a comprehensive guide to the treatment process, delivery of reliable information, use of easy-to-understand terms, repeated summary explanations, the establishment of close and flexible linkages between departments, and the provision of educational programs. Regarding the 'mechanic' aspect, the use of large and clear visuals for patients, to easily understand the care information provided by medical staff was distinguished. In the 'humanic' aspect, patients' psychological stability, trust in doctors, and doctor's encouragement and support through maintaining a positive attitude were prioritized. This qualitative study provided integrative insights into the HNC patient experience, through the application of service design methodologies, such as a patient journey map, participatory research methods, and service experience clues.

Reducing the Burden of HIV and HCV among Sex Workers Who Use Drugs in France

Context:The far-reaching effects of the Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the adverse working and living conditions of Sex Workers (SWs) in France. These consequences, coupled with illicit drug use, and reduced access to prevention measures raise concerns for the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among Sex Workers Who Use Drugs (SWWUD), creating an urgent call for targeted interventions. There is an acute need for accessible, ongoing care for SWWUD to prevent HIV and HCV infections and mitigate adverse health effects. Current French health services such as harm reduction and HIV/HCV prevention services often operate separately and seldom address SWs and People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) simultaneously. Given the compounding set of challenges that SWWUD face, a holistic approach to policy interventions must be considered.Policy Options:Firstly, integrated services are particularly effective in promoting harm reduction and improving the health of their users. When these services include substance use care and HIV services, uptake of these interventions and primary care utilisation increases due to enhanced accessibility. Secondly, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and needle and syringe programs (NSP) are clinically effective prevention methods that, when coupled with point-of-care-testing (POCT), can reduce the prevalence of HIV and HCV and improve the monitoring of these viruses. Finally, willingness to engage with health services is impacted by the attitudes of healthcare staff. Sensitisation training can promote trauma-informed care, a non-judgemental approach in health workers, encouraging SWWUD to seek care and achieve better health outcomes. Recommendations:A three-pronged approach to implementing integrated services is recommended. First, facilitating access to care can be attained through the linkage of patients to treatment, primary care, sexual and reproductive health, and social services. Existing service providers can be supported with interdisciplinary teams and telemedicine to reduce care fragmentation. Additionally, prevention and testing measures can be enhanced through the coordinated provision of needle and syringe programs, point-of-care testing, PrEP, and harm reduction supplies. These services should be linked to established integrated service centres to ensure a continuum of care. Finally, peer leaders may deliver sensitisation training for service providers to reduce stigma and improve understanding of the unique health needs of SWWUD. Integrated service providers should further employ peer leaders as peer navigators to promote the vision of community empowerment and inclusion.

Challenges Facing Palestinian Women in Assuming Leadership Positions in Higher Education Institutions: Glass Ceiling

The purpose of this study is to reveal the opinions of women leaders about the challenges facing Palestinian women that prevents women from being a leader, which is called the glass ceiling. Mix method was used in this research, using a survey and a questionnaire. The participants of the study consisted of (15) women leaders working in higher education universities in Palestine holding the following positions: heads, deans, committee chairpersons, administrative officers, and vice chancellors. The research came out with several results. The most important challenges came in descending order as follows: social cultural and political challenges, organizational and management challenges, family challenges, and finally the psychological and subjective challenges got the fourth rank. Women are excluded from assuming administrative positions due to several factors, including nepotism and male bias; Women have the ability and competence, but they need a supporter to strengthen them and enhance their confidence to take the step of candidacy for leadership; Lack of confidence in women’s capabilities and their scientific and practical competence from the point of view of men, and fear of the decisions they will make upon assuming higher positions. It is recommended that establishing formal and informal professional networks among women is necessary to strengthen communication, exchange experiences and information, discuss and analyse problems and provide solutions. Also, it is necessary for higher education institutions to provide an organizational climate supportive of women assuming leadership positions, providing them with the latest techniques and modern management methods, to overcome obstacles, and the consequent provision of training and qualification programs and courses that enable them to master their work.

Survey of exercise testing and training in cystic fibrosis clinics in the UK: a decade of progress

ObjectivesRegular exercise testing is recommended for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), as is the provision and regular review of exercise training programmes. A previous survey on exercise testing and training...

Accessible and low- to zero-cost remedy

Traditional medicine (TM) has played an essential part in maternity services around the world, which has led to increased utilization among pregnant women. Herbs, herbal preparations, and completed herbal products are examples of TMs that contain active substances such as plant parts or other plant components that are thought to have therapeutic advantages. This study review aimed to identify the herbs commonly used, reasons for use, and effect of use, to make adequate recommendations on herbal medicine use as a remedy for pregnancy and labor. Incorporating evidence from reviews, personal correspondence, and diaries, this study demonstrates that about 80% of people used TM such as herbal remedies for sickness diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and promotion of general well-being. Due to its accessibility, cost, and availability, TM is usually used by expectant mothers. Examples of TM used in pregnancy and labor include honey, aloe, raspberry, jute mallow, and hibiscus leaves. It is important to note that its use in pregnancy and labor can be beneficial or harmful to both mother and child. Lack of standardization, financial risk, lack of safety, and effectiveness are challenges to TM. There is a need of creating awareness of the safe use and effects of TM in pregnancy and labor through the provision of health education programs for women in the community.

Determinan Stunting Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Moutong, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, Sulawesi Tengah

Introduction: The causes of stunting are maternal nutritional status, non-exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, and family income. This study aims to analyze the determinants of stunting among toddlers at Moutong Health Center in 2020. The research method used was cross-sectional. The study was conducted from March 3 to March 21, 2020, at Moutong Health Center, Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi. The data used in this study were secondary data from 2020. The sample size consisted of 222 toddler respondents. Simple random sampling technique was employed. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and odds ratio. The results of the study showed that the highest prevalence of stunting was found among pregnant women with low nutritional status (61.1%), non-exclusive breastfeeding (59.6%), low birth weight (55.9%), and low family income (68.2%). Chi-square test indicated that all variables had significant values (&lt;0.05). Multivariate analysis showed an odds ratio of 4.5 for low birth weight and stunting. In conclusion, this study found that low birth weight had a 4.5 times higher risk of stunting. It is recommended that healthcare professionals conduct education, prevention, and early detection of stunting, monitor the provision of maternal and child nutrition programs to pregnant women and toddlers, and provide assistance to low-income families or those who are unable to afford proper nutrition.

출판 생태계로서 지역 작은도서관의 발전 방안 연구

This study tried to derive a development plan by identifying the operating conditions of small libraries in Chungcheongnam-do. From January 10 to February 15, 2023, an expert group interview was conducted for a total of 27 small libraries. The results of the study are as follows. First, respondents tried to contribute to the improvement of local reading culture through small libraries, although there were practical difficulties in the establishment process. Second, satisfaction with operation was mostly positive, but they responded that support budget and operating manpower were insufficient. Third, the respondents thought that the harmony of local residents and the formation of community culture were the biggest functions of small libraries. And they were practicing various cultural and educational programs in the field. Fourth, collections received the most support from the central and local governments. And what was most needed for the continuous operation and development of small libraries was the expansion of the local government's support budget. Therefore, this study proposes the development plan of small libraries as follows. First, it should serve as a base space for the local community. Second, it should actively contribute to narrowing the knowledge and information gap of local residents. Third, the provision of reading-related programs should be strengthened. Fourth, local governments need full support and continuous interest in small libraries.

Pengaruh Program Penyediaan Perumahan Melalui Dinas (PPMD) terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Prajurit TNI AL

Paying attention to the welfare level of soldiers is also an important task in building and maintaining morale and fighting spirit in the military. This study aims to examine the effect of the Service Housing Provision Program (PPMD) on the level of welfare of Indonesian Navy soldiers. The method used is a survey with a simple random sampling technique and data analysis using simple linear regression. The results of the study show that PPMD ​​has a positive and significant influence on the welfare of TNI AL soldiers, with an R Square value of 0.463. These findings show that PPMD ​​can increase the level of welfare of TNI AL soldiers, so efforts need to be made to continue to improve the quality of the PPMD ​​program in providing housing for TNI AL soldiers.

How do work-life balance programmes influence nurses' psychological well-being? The role of servant leadership and learning goal orientation.

Our study aims to investigate the effect of work-life balance programmes on Chinese nurses' psychological well-being, directly and indirectly, via learning goal orientation. Our research also aims to investigate the moderating role of servant leadership, a holistic leadership style that prioritizes serving employees, in the association between work-life balance programmes and psychological well-being. A questionnaire-based, time-lagged study (1-week interval). From September 2022 to October 2022, we collected a total of 211 matched and valid responses from nurses working for hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. Data regarding work-life balance programmes, servant leadership, learning goal orientation and psychological well-being were gathered using a survey administered in two waves, 1 week apart. We utilized the PROCESS Model 5 to test the moderated mediation model. Work-life balance programmes significantly improved nurses' psychological well-being. Moreover, learning goal orientation mediated the relationship between work-life balance programmes and psychological well-being. However, servant leadership did not moderate the association between work-life balance programmes and psychological well-being. Our study contributes to extant nursing literature by attending to the organizational strategies that promote psychological well-being. This study is novel because it evaluates the mediating and moderating process through which work-life balance programmes improve nurses' psychological well-being. The provision of work-life balance programmes could enhance learning goal orientation, resulting in possible improvement in nurses' psychological well-being. Moreover, servant leadership styles may contribute to psychological well-being. Our study can help nurse managers enhance their organizational strategies (e.g. work-life balance programmes) and leadership resources (e.g. servant leadership styles) to address nurses' well-being issues. This paper addresses the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3 regarding 'Good Health and Well-being'.

Status of the Implementation of Alternative Learning System in Jalajala Elementary School

The study aimed to assess the status of the implementation of Alternative Learning System (ALS) in Jalajala Elementary School during the School Year 2021-2022. The study considered 148 ALS learners in the said school. Purposive sampling technique was used. The respondents were described in terms of their age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and monthly family income. Descriptive survey research design was used. A researcher-made questionnaire-checklist was utilized to assess the implementation of Alternative Learning System (ALS) in public elementary schools with respect to teaching methodologies, instructional materials, and evaluative techniques. Problems encountered in the status of the implementation of Alternative Learning System were also determined.&#x0D; The study revealed that the ALS learners are mostly on their maturity ages and predominantly males. Most of them are single; have monthly income below Php 10,000 and mostly are high school undergraduates and elementary undergraduates. Alternative Learning System is often implemented with respect to teaching methodologies, instructional materials and evaluative techniques as evaluated by ALS learners. No significant difference exists on the perception of the respondents on the implementation of Alternative Learning System with respect to teaching methodologies, instructional materials, and evaluative techniques in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and monthly family income. The most common problems encountered by ALS learners on the implementation of Alternative Learning System are family problems, marital problem, and school too far from home and financial problem as well.&#x0D; Some of the recommendations include continuous implementation of the programs in ALS, provision of better co-curricular programs, purchasing of needed facilities and equipment, and provision of opportunities to ALS graduates.