Protection Of Natural Heritage Research Articles

Research on Entity Relationships in the Knowledge Graph of Disease Monitoring in Grotto Temples

Abstract. The grotto temple, carved into cliffs and widely distributed, is a significant cultural heritage in China. However, it faces severe damage and collapse threats due to natural disaster risks in its environment. Nearly seventy percent of grotto temples are located in regions prone to earthquakes and water hazards, leading to varying degrees of damage to cultural artifacts. Therefore, preventive measures are necessary to reduce the impact of natural disasters on grotto temples. A knowledge graph, a structured semantic knowledge base describing concepts and their relationships in the physical world, plays a crucial role in knowledge organization and content representation. Entity relationships are the core of knowledge, serving as both foundational data and a key task in constructing knowledge graphs and processing unstructured text. In the field of grotto temple disease monitoring, while data continues to grow, research on the correlation between textual data remains underexplored. This paper adopts the BiLSTM-CRF method to extract entity relationships, matching them with the grotto temple monitoring knowledge graph. Finally, the Neo4j software is utilized to program and display the knowledge graph, aiming to enhance the efficiency of natural disaster risk management and cultural heritage protection for grotto temples.

Balancing Development and Heritage Conservation in Nepal: An Analysis With Reference to Legal and Policy Framework

The confluence of infrastructural development and heritage conservation manifests a complex challenge in a least-developed country like Nepal, which celebrates its rich cultural legacy. The sustainable development of Nepal is affected by a lack of a proper legal and policy framework for balancing infrastructure development and heritage conservation. This research delves into the analysis of the existing laws and policies of Nepal, which have been legislated to create anequilibrium amidst the two. The research further investigates the gap in the legislation and practice in Nepal. Nepal has several national laws and ratified conventions like the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act in 2013, and the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972, etc. which have not been well-implemented. Most of Nepal's legal and policy frameworks for heritage conservation are adaptations of international frameworks, which might not be appropriate in the context of the country. The thesis statement stresses that comprehensive, proportionate, and flexible legal and policy frameworks and their implementation can help achieve a delicate balance between infrastructure development and heritage preservation. Moreover, the research highlights the need for a multidimensional approach that considers the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental aspects of infrastructure projects while safeguarding Nepal's cultural heritage, emphasizing the need for ongoing refinement. The study uses doctrinal methods for data collection and analytical and descriptive approaches to data analysis. The findings of the study provide insights into the current situation and suggest recommendations for better balancing of infrastructure development and heritage conservation in Nepal.

Assessing Urban Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Evidence from Al-MedinaAl-Munawwarah

Abstract This study aims to assess the progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia. The study also examines challenges that encounter SDG 11. To this end, six targets consisting of 40 indicators of SDG 11 have been adopted, relying on literature, international and national technical reports, and the personal perspectives of twelve experts. Overall progress towards SDG 11 has shown significant improvement considerably, with a middle level, particularly after Saudi Vision 2030 was approved. The findings show that three targets including affordable housing, sustainable transportation, and sustainable urbanization and participation, have achieved average progress, and two targets, including air quality, and waste management, and access to green areas have been demonstrated poor progress, as well as a single target, which is the preservation and protection of natural and cultural heritage, which has achieved relatively optimal progress. The results highlight several challenges that hinder progress towards SDG 11, but the level of these challenges varies from one target to another target, ranging from minor to major challenges. These challenges should be considered in continuing urban strategies and could be reduced by establishing resource-saving and innovative community urban renewal programs.

Research on the Construction of Cultural Parks in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region Based on Foreign Models: A Study on the Development of Ice and Snow Tourism Routes

National cultural park is an innovative initiative for the protection and development of natural and cultural heritage resources in the new era, reflecting the core strategy of cultural heritage protection and development of representative cultural resources. It is not only an important carrier for the protection of natural and cultural heritage, but also a new model for promoting the development of cultural industry. Based on their own national conditions and experiences, countries have developed distinctive national park management models, including the native recreation value orientation of the United States, the sustainable club economy of Europe, the public supremacy of private ownership of land in the United Kingdom, and the synergistic community-neighborhood development of developing countries in Asia and Africa. In view of the heritage resources brought by the Beijing Winter Olympics, this study explores the idea of ice and snow tourism routes centered on Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, and proposes the principles of sustainable development, mutual benefit and symbiosis, and public supremacy, which is committed to constructing a development model integrating culture, tourism and ecology.

Проблемы и перспективы развития системы охраны всемирного наследия

The trends in the development of the system of protection of unique sites of global significance, created in accordance with the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, are analyzed. The significant contribution of the considered legal and institutional mechanisms in the conservation of such sites and the need to strengthen them in the crisis of international relations are noted. The existing problems in the World Heritage protection system are analyzed on the example of the Declaration of principles to promote international solidarity and cooperation to preserve World Heritage, adopted in 2021 at the twenty-third session of the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention. The persistent imbalance between cultural and natural heritage sites, which is also reflected in the text of the Declaration, is highlighted. A tendency to shift the focus on the selection and inscription processes is identified. There is a divergence between the provisions of the Convention and the practice of its application with regard to the role of the List. One of the serious problems threatening the sustainability of the World Heritage protection system is the systemic divergence between the positions of the World Heritage Committee and its Advisory Bodies. It is stated that there are shortcomings in the work of the Advisory Bodies of the Committee and the need to strengthen the quality of their scientific expertise. The necessity to create a comprehensive national normative-legal framework for the protection of World Natural Heritage in Russia is substantiated. On the example of Lake Baikal the necessity of preliminary scientific assessment of the consequences of changing the protection regime of World Heritage sites is shown. Based on the results of the study, proposals are formulated to improve the list of principles enshrined in the Declaration.

Sustainable Tourism in the World Heritage Town Luang Prabang, Lao PDR

This paper discusses the role of local institutions in promoting sustainable tourism in Luang Prabang, Laos, with a focus on SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The study uses qualitative research methods to gather from stakeholders and examines the synergies and trade-offs among various SDGs, the strategies for balancing different priorities, the importance of positive stakeholder relationships and consultations, and the future challenges facing the tourism industry in Luang Prabang. The socio-economic development plan for Luang Prabang Province prioritizes political stability, protection of cultural and natural heritage, sustainable agriculture, education and healthcare, hydroelectric power, and commercial and financial development. Despite challenges, Luang Prabang Province has made significant progress in implementing its socio-economic development plan over the past two years. However, several challenges still need to be addressed, including economic growth lacking rationality, income and development disparities between urban and rural regions, inadequate educational and healthcare services, preservation of cultural heritage and effective management of tourism resources, inadequate labor skills development and land management, budgetary constraints, deficiencies in policies and mechanisms for private investment, and the impact of social deprivation on progress and development. The province aims to address these challenges by enhancing political education and training, prioritizing rural development and employee welfare, eliminating poverty and uplifting living standards, seeking input from diverse ethnic backgrounds, addressing political resistance and limitations, and cultivating the province to attain prosperity and resilience.

Novi nalazi i perspektive arheoloških istraživanja urbanog i upravnog središta municipija Aquae / New findings and perspectives of archaeological research of the urban and administrative c enter of the Aquae municipium

The introduction of this paper gives a short overview of the results of archaeological, historiographic, and epigraphic research of the Roman municipium Aquae. The urban center of the municipium Aquae was in Ilidža, one of nine municipalities of the Sarajevo Canton. In 2022, at the right bank of the Željeznica river, an unpublished Roman-period monument was recorded. Analysis has determined that this is a fragment of a tombstone (cippus) or an honorary inscription (tituli publici). Moreover, this paper addresses the issue of unregistered archaeological material from the Roman period that is recorded in the Željeznica riverbed and near previously corroborated archaeological sites in Ilidža. In this context, two fragments of honorary bases stand out. One of these fragments has preserved indentations that served to attach the statue or bust to the base. Finally, the paper includes maps made as the result of systematic research in 1979. This research was conducted by the Sarajevo City Institute for the Protection and Organization of Cultural Monuments (today’s Cantonal Institution for the Protection of Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Sarajevo).

SUCCULENTS FROM THE EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILY PRESENT IN THE GREENHOUSE COLLECTION OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN "AL. BUIA" FROM CRAIOVA

Through the collections it owns, the "Alexandru Buia" Botanical Garden contributes to the protection and preservation of natural heritage. In the greenhouses of the Craiova Botanical Garden there is a rich collection of exotic species, of great scientific and decorative value, obtained over time from seeds or cuttings in the framework of the exchange of plant material between the Botanical Garden and other similar institutions in the country or abroad. Knowing these exotic plants in all aspects and disseminating information both to specialists and to the general public is one of the objectives of a university botanical garden. Succulents represent an interesting group of plants, cultivated in the greenhouses of the Craiova Botanical Garden, of which the species from the Euphorbiaceae family are presented in this communication.

Il ‘senso’ del paesaggio in Gianfranco Di Pietro

According to Gianfranco Di Pietro, the landscape is the essential dimension to understand the land morphology and development of a territory towards planning its future. His perspective on the landscape is “the summary and synthetic dimension" in which we can read the structure of a site: geology and morphology, settlement system, agro-forestry structures. All aspects are, always, related and investigated by interlinking historical-archival sources with field observations and economic dynamics. This research method – combined with his technical capacity in planning – allows for towns and country plans to steer the development of regions towards the attainment of a sustainable future with respect to cultural and natural heritage conservation and protection.

Cultural landscape as heritage: proposals for Ukraine from the experience of certain European countries

Formulation of the problem. Ukraine has a vast and uniquely diverse cultural landscape potential. However, the state of the landscapes, which has long been a matter of public concern, has deteriorated many times over as a result of russia's full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine. At the same time, Ukraine is far behind in implementing the commitments made by the European and international community in a number of international documents on the preservation of cultural landscapes. The purpose of the article. The purpose of this publication is to develop proposals for the implementation of the concept of cultural landscape in the field of protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage on the basis of fulfilling Ukraine's relevant international obligations and introducing the best mechanisms and practices of European countries. Methodology and results. The research methodology is based on a descriptive qualitative and comparative approach, which made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the experience of preserving the cultural landscape as a heritage in certain EU countries - representatives of the “old Europe” (Italy and Spain), post-socialist (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic) and post-Soviet (Latvia and Lithuania) space. The European experience was studied through the prism of meeting the requirements of the European Landscape Convention and the possibilities of its practical application in Ukraine. The analysis of examples of practical implementation of the concept of cultural landscape by European countries in comparison with domestic practice in Ukraine made it possible to identify the main problems in this area and to outline indicative directions of a possible strategy for their solution, the main mechanisms, tools and specific measures for their implementation. The first step in the development of such a strategy could be the development and adoption by government decree of a National Action Plan for the Protection and Preservation of the Cultural Landscape Heritage of Ukraine. The overall goal of this plan for the next 5-10 years should be to ensure the protection, preservation and careful use of the country's cultural landscapes by: bringing the country's legislation into line with the EU system of legal and regulatory standards for landscape protection, regulation and planning; taking these issues into account in the formulation and implementation of state cultural, environmental and urban planning policies and including them as an integral part of the strategy for Ukraine's post-war reconstruction; raising public awareness and involving communities. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The novelty of the study is the identification of the main areas of action for the protection and preservation of the cultural landscape heritage of Ukraine and the development of concrete proposals for their filling with appropriate measures. Acknowledgement. The research is financed by the European Union NextGenerationEU from the funds of the Recovery and Resilience Plan mechanism within the project "Scholarships for outstanding researchers threatened by the military conflict in Ukraine" No. 09І03-03-V01-00021. This article is one of the results of the research within the framework of grant no. 2/0043/23 "Identification of landscape diversity and its changes in Slovakia based on remote sensing data in the context of the European Green Deal" supported by the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA.

The Role of Digital Design in Preserving the Integrity of the Natural Heritage

Natural heritage refers to fundamental elements such as biodiversity and natural resources. With the increasing threat of climate change, the development of infrastructure, and the deterioration of the environment, a growing need exists to protect the integrity of the world’s natural heritage. Digital design, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and interactive displays, are technological advancements adopted by domains such as marketing and education that can offer immersive and engaging experiences that educate and inspire people to care for natural heritage. The study's objective is to explore the potential of digital design in transmitting and safeguarding natural heritage, assessing its contribution to promoting environmental consciousness. The research employs qualitative research methods to interpret digital design's role in natural heritage preservation, using empirical materials such as case studies. The secondary data collected from articles provide a descriptive analysis of digital design's role in natural heritage preservation efforts. The research investigates how digital design can create effective communication channels and promote sustainable behavior amongst the audience exposed to digital design strategies. The communication channels include extended reality platforms such as social media and other interactive forms of visual communication. This study reviews related articles and case studies and consists of a qualitative analysis. Findings begin with the past development of the digital design field, followed by current updates related to digital design and natural heritage preservation. This article contributes to the field of digital design by highlighting the growing relevance and roles of digital design concerning the protection of natural heritage.

Kilka słów krytycznych przy okazji jubileuszu 50-lecia Konwencji UNESCO z 1972 roku

2022 marked the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the 1972 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. On the occasion of this anniversary, the article uncharacteristically contains criticism of both UNESCO itself and doubts about the 1972 Convention. However, all these remarks flow from concern for the fate and future of this international organisation, whose activities and achievements in the protection of the world cultural heritage ultimately deserve recognition. The problems do not merely arise within UNESCO, but rather with other members of the international community, particularly some states and their actions toward the organisation. Problems also arise from the implementation of and compliance with international law. The allegations against UNESCO are organised and discussed here according to three criteria: formalism, time and costs. On the other hand, the 1972 UNESCO Convention itself is presented from two perspectives – first, in the normative layer as an international legal act, which serves as a sui generis constitution of the world’s protection of cultural and natural heritage; and second, in the empirical layer. In the latter context, attention was paid to the role of the UNESCO World Heritage List. Regardless of the criticisms, as well as the weaknesses and problems highlighted, it is clear from the article that it emphasises the value of both the 1972 UNESCO Convention, one of whose main advantages is that it has resisted the passage of time, and the great role of UNESCO itself, as an important international organisation with considerable achievements and merits.

Sustainable Tourism and Community Benefits: Experiences from Yunnan Province, China

Sustainable ecotourism has been considered an alternative approach to tourism development specifically to enhance community benefits vis-a-vis the protection of natural and cultural heritage in the indigenous settlements. This study takes the case of the indigenous communities of Xishuangbanna to examine the potential community benefits of ecotourism development and the key issues responsible for promoting sustainable development. It has adopted an exploratory approach to review secondary sources, such as previous research papers and reports specifically on eco-tourism, ethnic cultural heritage, and community development in the Dai villages of Xishuangbanna. Face-to-face and online interviews with tourism academics from China were also conducted. Empirical research conducted by both Chinese and overseas scholars, particularly in the Dai villages of Xishuangbanna, was selected as a reference to perform critical analysis. Findings revealed that local communities have received significant economic benefits from tourism development; however, their local culture and heritage values have been manipulated in the interests of capital and political needs. Indigenous authenticity has been largely influenced by the entrepreneurial interests, bureaucratic mandates, and economic necessities of the local people. As such, the prevailing model of tourism development generally favors the tourism entrepreneurs and the state with less attention to Dai ethnic people. This study suggests adopting inclusive community participation and collaborative efforts to promote sustainable ecotourism and community development in ethnic settlements around the globe especially country like Nepal. The article makes an effort to examine the case of the indigenous communities of Xishuangbanna, the Peoples' Republic of China the theoretical lens of PMPD.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ОХОРОНИ, ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ В ІТАЛІЇ

The article analyzes the process of forming a complex system of architectural heritage protection in Italy and the evolution of the legal system in the field of cultural heritage preservation. The analysis clarifies the condition of heritage preservation in Italy, allows to trace some trends in its development and follow their successful experience. The issue of the protection and usage of architectural monuments and the analysis of international experience in the field of cultural heritage preservation have not been studied enough in Ukrainian scientific works. The purpose of the article is to reveal the regularities and peculiarities of the history of the formation and development of the cultural heritage protection and usage mechanisms in Italy. Italian cultural policy in the field of cultural and natural heritage protection started forming earlier than in other European countries because of the amount of significant cultural values. Italy has the richest experience in working with architectural heritage. The current state of the studied area in Italy shows the successful approaches and the high-quality management policy, which made it possible to expand the country's tourist potential to the highest level in Europe without threatening the existence of monuments. Italian legislation allowed to expand and streamline cooperation between the government and regions in heritage preservation field. In addition, regions got some autonomy in the field of improving and increasing the value (valorization) of heritage. Public-private partnership in this field and the organization of public-private funds are also an effective attempt of state and private cooperation. The analysis of successful European experience can become a basis for improving the legislative framework of Ukraine in the field of cultural heritage protection and form mechanisms for effective management of architectural monuments, both at the national and regional levels.

The Effects of Tourism on Local Development in Protected Nature Areas: The Case of Three Nature Parks of the Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain)

In rural spaces, new activities are developed to add to the traditional ones in the context of multifunctionality, considering the protection and enhancement of natural and cultural heritage, as in natural parks. These incorporate new recreational and tourist functions, understood as an instrument for local development. This research aims to study the relationships between tourism and local development in three natural parks (Sierra de Aracena and Picos de Aroche, Sierra Norte de Sevilla, and Sierra de Hornachuelos) in Andalusia (Spain). The research uses a mixed methodology consisting of, on the one hand, selective interviews with stakeholders focused on tourism and local development processes and, on the other, secondary data to analyse the repercussions on local development. The results show (1) the prevalence among the informants of the economic dimension in local development above the environmental and sociocultural dimensions; (2) the influence of declarations of protection and implementation of development policies on the growth of the tourist offer; (3) uneven tourism development in the different municipalities and natural parks; and (4) the limited effects of tourism on local development.

How Can Tufa Deposits Contribute to the Geotourism Offer? The Outcomes from the First UNESCO Global Geopark in Serbia

The study focuses on the present state and the assessments of geotourism development of the two most representative tufa deposits in the Djerdap National Park—the first UNESCO Global Geopark in Serbia. The findings were designated through implementing the freshly upgraded methodology—M-GAM-1-2 based on an early modified geosites assessment model (M-GAM). To overcome the limitations of the previous model, the authors implemented additional enhancements and involved members of the local community (residents and authorities) in the study to comprehensively evaluate the observed sites. The outcomes revealed that the attitudes of all stakeholders should be taken into consideration in order to develop geotourism properly, additionally attract visitors, and preserve tufa deposits for future generations of locals and visitors. Moreover, geotourism at the observed sites can be one of the vital activities of the population, as well as a type of compensation for various limitations in the development, which are imposed by the regimes of natural and cultural heritage protection within the recently established UNESCO Global Geopark.

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО СЕКТОРА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In the context of tourism, the community is seen as one of many stakeholders, among which are the owners of tourism products, the government and tourism marketers. Understanding the perception and attitude of a particular community and how this perception is formed in relation to tourism development is important for decision makers. The knowledge and participation of the community in tourism issues often determine the success of the latter's development. A key element of effective tourism planning is the involvement of the local community and attention to its ideas, needs and aspirations. The modern world, characterized by network agencies, global flows and movement of people within countries and abroad, actualizes the tourist context in many ways. Tourism is one of the main sectors of international trade and wealth creators for many developing countries. This sector means new jobs, gender equality, protection and promotion of natural and cultural heritage. The tourism industry is the world's largest industry, promising huge economic benefits to many countries.

Possible policies and actions to protect the soil cultural and natural heritage of Europe

Soils are healthy when they can continuously provide several ecosystem services. Among them, there are cultural services for humans and the archive of geological, geomorphological, and archaeological heritage. Yet strategies and policies aimed at preserving and enhancing the cultural and natural heritage of the soil are partial and rare. This paper provides a state of the art and sets a framework to give inspirational ideas for designing policies and actions to promote soil cultural and natural heritage protection, with particular reference to Europe.Through an online and documental analysis, the arguments treated in the published papers dealing with soil as a natural or cultural heritage are summarized, and the current main policies and actions to preserve our natural and cultural heritage at the global and European levels are reported and analysed. A focus on the national level has been also introduced, to exemplify policies and actions aimed at protecting the natural and cultural heritage and including reference to soil features.The analysis indicates that there is a relevant scientific production. It is possible to summarize eight main criteria that can be used to include a soil profile or a soilscape in an inventory of cultural and natural heritage. Nevertheless, most of current soil policies and actions do not provide examples of cultural heritage sites where the main object of preservation is the soil itself, and not just its functional characteristics. The only acknowledgement at the global level is the area of typical Chernozems of Moldovia, which is present among the tentative sites on the World Heritage List of UNESCO.In this context, some of the main values that characterize the cultural and natural heritage are excluded by soil policies, namely, the scientific and didactic interest, recreational, scenic, and aesthetic values, and the inspirational, religious, identity, ethnical and ethical relevance, which are acknowledged instead for other natural bodies, such as geological and geomorphological sites.Among the possible European strategies that could be implemented to valorise the soil natural and cultural values, the two most suitable instruments are the research and innovation programs of Horizon Europe to support the implementation of the Soil Health and Food mission, and the Natura 2000 program. Soil cultural and natural values may be instrumental to increase soil literacy, which is one of the scopes of the Soil mission. In the Natura 2000 program, the inclusion of the descriptions of the presence of pedosites could be an immediate action. This inclusion would not only increase both the cultural and naturalistic values of the areas but also favour soil literacy and the collaboration between soil scientists and professionals from other disciplines, thus enhancing a transdisciplinary approach to soil health, as well as its societal connectivity.

Cultural landscape zoning of Ukraine

Formulation of the problem. Nowadays in Ukraine there is a significant gap in the application of cultural-landscape approach and the lack of cultural and landscape zoning (CLZ) at different taxonomic levels, as one of the fundamental stages in the protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage, which is recognized in a number of international documents by the world community. The purpose of the article. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological approaches to CLZ in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. The study and analysis of the experience of differentiation and zoning of different level territories on the basis of cultural and landscape approach in some European countries showed the crucial role of CLZ in studying cultural landscapes and planning management actions for their protection, conservation and use. Methodology and results. The overall purpose of CLZ was to identify, define and differentiate integral natural and cultural systemic territorial formations of different levels, which form a set of interconnected cultural landscapes in a given area. The main factors of cultural-landscape differentiation of Ukraine at the macro level were natural-geographical, ethnographic, linguistic, historical-geographical, historical-political and administrative-territorial features and features of spatial localization and concentration of natural and cultural heritage - immovable and intangible. The information base for conducting the CLZ were researches that reflects the territorial differentiation of Ukraine by these groups of features and has developed appropriate zoning schemes with their cartographic implementation. The taxonomic system of the country's CLZ has been developed. It consists of two levels: 14 cultural-landscape regions and 52 cultural-landscape macro-districts; 26 cultural and landscape regions have been identified as a separate taxon, outside of the hierarchy, according to the administrative-territorial division of the country. The most important result of the study – the map "Cultural-landscape zoning of Ukraine", became one of the key topics of the electronic atlas "Population of Ukraine and its natural and cultural heritage". The development of the atlas was completed in 2020 by the Institute of Geography of NASU. Scientific novelty and practical significance. For the first time in Ukraine, CLZ has been developed at the macro level, thus starting to fill a gap of the absence of domestic developments of this kind. The study identified proposals on the main directions of development and practical application of CLZ in the field of protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage through inclusion in the systems of national and regional strategy, spatial development planning, research on integrated study of territory, mapping and development of CLZ regions and administrative districts, etc.

Research hotspots and trends in heritage building information modeling: A review based on CiteSpace analysis

The year 2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Heritage building information modeling (HBIM), which is a digital method of conserving architectural heritage, has recently received a great deal of attention from researchers, planners, and policy-makers in related fields around the world. However, there is not yet a complete analysis of the hot spots and trends in this area of research, nor has a complete workflow based on the practical application of HBIM been developed. In this article, we analyzed the research progress, hot spots, and trends in HBIM since 2010. We used the CiteSpace scientometric analysis tool to analyze 372 documents with high relevance to HBIM from the Web of Science core database using literature co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis, and keyword emergence detection. The findings show that research in the field of HBIM was still in the conceptualization stage during 2010–2017, and with the continuous development of various technologies, attention to HBIM has gradually accelerated since 2017 by expanding its uses to multidisciplinary fields such as artificial intelligence. In the cluster analysis of literature co-citations, 14 clusters were generated, and four clusters, semiautomatic 3D modeling, heritage information system, pilot study, and virtual reality, which have high rates of citation, are discussed in this paper. These clusters reflect the hot spots and frontiers of research in HBIM to a certain extent. In the “Discussion” section, a systematic and complete workflow of HBIM application to heritage architecture is proposed for three levels: modeling, data exchange, and auxiliary management. On this basis, the development of the field of heritage building conservation and sustainable development is analyzed to provide valuable theoretical and practical references to propose future research directions.