Проблемы и перспективы развития системы охраны всемирного наследия

Abstract

The trends in the development of the system of protection of unique sites of global significance, created in accordance with the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, are analyzed. The significant contribution of the considered legal and institutional mechanisms in the conservation of such sites and the need to strengthen them in the crisis of international relations are noted. The existing problems in the World Heritage protection system are analyzed on the example of the Declaration of principles to promote international solidarity and cooperation to preserve World Heritage, adopted in 2021 at the twenty-third session of the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention. The persistent imbalance between cultural and natural heritage sites, which is also reflected in the text of the Declaration, is highlighted. A tendency to shift the focus on the selection and inscription processes is identified. There is a divergence between the provisions of the Convention and the practice of its application with regard to the role of the List. One of the serious problems threatening the sustainability of the World Heritage protection system is the systemic divergence between the positions of the World Heritage Committee and its Advisory Bodies. It is stated that there are shortcomings in the work of the Advisory Bodies of the Committee and the need to strengthen the quality of their scientific expertise. The necessity to create a comprehensive national normative-legal framework for the protection of World Natural Heritage in Russia is substantiated. On the example of Lake Baikal the necessity of preliminary scientific assessment of the consequences of changing the protection regime of World Heritage sites is shown. Based on the results of the study, proposals are formulated to improve the list of principles enshrined in the Declaration.