Генеральные планы новых городов 1960–1980-х гг.

Abstract

The features of the general plans of new cities that were built in the USSR in 1960–1980s are studied. The features of the general plans of such cities were due to the fact that the construction of the city was caused by the construction of an industrial facility. The plans were commissioned not by local authorities, but by the directorates of the enterprises under construction or by central departmental institutions. The customers financed the development of master plans. This approach led to a lag in the design of housing and public facilities. The main normative acts on master plans are identified, the state bodies that issued them are indicated. The order of coordination and approval of general plans of cities is studied. The order of approval of master plans of new cities was the same as that of the capitals of the Union republics. The volume of materials that were included in the master plan of the city was analyzed. A reference plan of a new city was developed to accelerate urban planning. Design organizations from all over the country were involved in drawing up master plans of new cities. Master plans of new cities were given great importance. They reflected the requirements to ensure comfortable living conditions for the employees of enterprises, population resettlement in the territory of the country, application of advanced construction and architectural solutions. Master plans of new cities were not only technical, but also legal documents.