Objective To observe the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods From February 2015 to March 2016, 130 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in Shanxi Group Company Worker Hospital were divided into two groups according to different operation method, with 65 cases in cach group.The control group was given routine operation.The observation group received transurethral resection of the prostate.The therapeutic effect of the two groups was compared. Results The QOL, PVR, IPSS index of the observation group were (2.15±0.39)points, (29.56±8.67)mL, (7.49±1.39)points, respectively, which were better than those of the control group(t=7.508, 11.039, 11.502, all P<0.05). The hospitalization time, catheter indwelling time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incidence rate of complication in the observation group were (6.15±1.25)d, (2.88±0.41)d, (115.12±4.58)min, (42.69±2.39)mL, 3.08%, respectively, which were better than those in the control group(t=8.928, 24.241, 6.844, 32.920, χ2=5.875, all P<0.05). Conclusion Transurethral resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has significant clinical effect, not only can improve patients' QOL, PVR, IPSS index, shorten hospitalization time and operation time, also has the advantages of quick recovery, small trauma, less complications, it is worthy of application. Key words: Transurethral resection of prostate; Prostatic hyperplasia; Clinical effect