Proposed Simulation Model Research Articles

Co-Simulation Analysis for Performance Prediction of Synchronous Reluctance Drives

To improve the design of electric drives and to better predict the system performance, numerical simulation has been widely employed. Whereas in the majority of the approaches, the machines and the power electronics are designed and simulated separately, to improve the fidelity, a co-simulation should be performed. This paper presents a complete coupled co-simulation model of synchronous reluctance machine (SynRel) drive, which includes the finite element model of the SynRel, the power electronics inverter, the control system, and application examples. The model of SynRel is based on a finite element model (FEM) using Simcenter MagNet. The power electronics inverter is built using PLECS Blockset, and the drive control model is built in Simulink environment, which allows for coupling between MagNet and PLECS. The proposed simulation model provides high accuracy thanks to the complete FEA-based model fed by actual inverter voltage. The comparison of the simulation results with experimental measurements shows good correspondence.

System Level Simulation of Micro Grid Power Electronic System

In this paper, the modelling procedure of comparison of non-modular and modular power electronic concept for household DC microgrid system (10 kW) is being described. The aim was to develop simulation model with accurate behaviour compared to experimental sample, due to implementation of the model within system-level simulations of complex microgrid systems. Simulations have been performed with PLECS circuit simulator. Also, experimental sample similar to circuit topology of simulation model was realized within reduced power ration of the target application (1:10). Based on achieved experimental results, optimization of simulation models have been realized in order to achieve as close accuracy of operational properties as possible. This approach consequently enables to develop simulation models of DC microgrid system with high level of accuracy thus giving possibility to investigate any operational scenarios at required power delivery. Proposed simulation model analyses two different energy flow scenarios between photovoltaics (PV), battery storage system (BSS) and AC grid (load), while efficiency of power flow and qualitative indicators on AC grid are evaluated.

Aircraft maintenance system simulation mathematical model construction

The development of the aviation transport system is characterized by sophistication of interacting objects, the multi-criteria nature of the tasks to be solved and difficulties in making management decisions. For example, modern medium haul aircraft are fitted with up to 25,000 sensors to monitor the performance capabilities of functional systems components. Numerous ground-based instrumental methods and means of diagnosing the technical condition are used. This requires the development of methods and algorithms for determining and monitoring the criteria of limiting state of the monitored components and functional systems of aeronautical equipment. In this regard, analytical models of predictive estimate for the technical condition of aeronautical equipment, determination of aircraft maintenance modes and provision of spare parts and materials become essential. The paper proposes a scheme of the aircraft fleet maintenance system modeling algorithm and deducing the mathematical model of the optimal number of aircraft states in order to exclude secondary and subjective factors. The method of statistical modeling based on Markov processes with discrete states and continuous time is the basis of the proposed analytical model. The proposed method is reduced to the synthesis of some modeling algorithm of the investigated process that simulates the complex system components behavior and interaction as well as random perturbing factors. A distinctive feature of the presented algorithm is determination of the predominant estimated dependences of transition probabilities and intensities taking into account the requirements of the modern regulatory framework in terms of reliability of equipment and diagnosing the technical condition. The analysis of the predominant estimated dependencies study results in the conditions of operation of the aircraft maintenance system confirmed a high degree of correlation of the time duration effect on the particular states in order to diagnose the technical condition depending on the diagnostic concept. The proposed simulation model can be used for the aircraft technical condition predictive estimate, aircraft gas turbine engines and functional systems.

A stochastic bi-objective simulation–optimization model for plasma supply chain in case of COVID-19 outbreak

As of March 24, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized to bleed the newly recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), i.e., the ones whose lives were at risk, separate Plasma from their blood and inject it to COVID-19 patients. In many cases, as observed the plasma antibodies have cured the disease. Therefore, a four-echelon supply chain has been designed in this study to locate the blood collection centers, to find out how the collection centers are allocated to the temporary or permanent plasma-processing facilities, how the temporary facilities are allocated to the permanent ones, along with determining the allocation of the temporary and permanent facilities to hospitals. A simulation approach has been employed to investigate the structure of COVID-19 outbreak and to simulate the quantity of plasma demand. The proposed bi-objective model has been solved in small and medium scales using ɛ-constraint method, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) and Multi Objective Invasive Weed Optimization algorithm (MOIWO) approaches. One of the novelties of this research is to study the system dynamic structure of COVID-19’s prevalence so that to estimate the required plasma level by simulation. Besides, this paper has focused on blood substitutability which is becoming increasingly important for timely access to blood. Due to shorter computational time and higher solution quality, MOIWO is selected to solve the proposed model for a large-scale case study in Iran. The achieved results indicated that as the plasma demand increases, the amount of total system costs and flow time rise, too. The proposed simulation model has also been able to calculate the required plasma demand with 95% confidence interval.

A study of water‐induced elementary hemp fiber swelling and the reinforced polypropylene composite expansion

AbstractTo deeply understand the swelling mechanism, the water swelling ratio and direction of elementary hemp fiber and the reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were analyzed by both experimental methods and numerical simulation. The fiber swelling force was also calculated based on Flory–Rehner theory. The results showed that the simulated fiber radial swelling ratio of 6.5% is slightly higher than the measured one of 5.6%. For the reinforced composites, the simulated cross‐sectional expansion of 3.7% is very close to the measured one of 3.5%. This indicates that fiber mainly swells along its radial direction and the composite expansion is affected by not only fiber swelling ratio and direction but also fiber volume fraction and orientation. The proposed simulation model could easily estimate the swelling ratio and rate of plant fiber and the reinforced composites from their weight gain data. The generated swelling force of fiber is almost 850 MPa at the beginning and decreases to zero until achieving saturation state, which is much higher than the constraint stress of PP matrix and drives composite water expansion behavior. It is concluded that reducing the mixing entropy of plant fiber with water should be an effective approach to inhibit composite water expansion and improve its dimensional stability. The obtained results are beneficial for constructing a water absorption and service life prediction model of shortcut hemp fiber composites.

Mitigation of Harmonics and Unbalanced Voltage Disturbance Compensation by MSVPWM Based- DVR in the Distribution Net

Recent power distribution networks comprise abundant sensitive loads, which extremely impact the power quality of source in electrical power networks. Voltage dip, voltage rise, imbalanced voltage, line notching and distortion of harmonics are problems of power quality frequently take place. Pre-disturbance voltage compensation strategy and phase-locked-loop (PLL) based dq- space vector control are presented to improve a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which restore the magnitude of voltage disturbance and displacement of phase angle to prior of voltage disturbance. 3-phase Multilevel strategy of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (MSVPWM) based- Multilevel Diode Clamped Converter (MDCC) is proposed as switching pulse signals employed low frequency, which creates high levels of voltage and fewer harmonics in the output waveform in comparison to 2-level SVPWM based- DVR. 3-level SVPWM based- DVR under balanced and imbalanced distortion voltage disturbances included sags and swells injected appreciated quantities of voltage, thereby attained ideal sinusoidal waveform with lower Total Harmonic Distortion THD% compared to 2-level SVPWM based- DVR. Furthermore, real and imaginary powers balanced effectively at sensitive load during various distortion voltage disturbance conditions via presented work. The proposed simulation model of multi-level SVPWM based- DVR is implemented by dedicating the software system of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results of simulation exhibit the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented work under different distortion voltage disturbance conditions.

Digital plant: methods of discrete-event modeling and optimization of production characteristics

This article presents a new approach to the development of a ‘digital twin’ of a manufacturing enterprise, using a television manufacturing plant as the case study. The feature of the proposed approach is the use of hybrid methods of agent-based modeling and discrete-event simulation in order to implement a simulation model of a complex production process for assembling final products from supplied components. The most important requirement for such a system is the integration of all key chains of a digital plant: conveyor lines, warehouses with components and final products (TVs), sorting and conveyor system, assembly unit, technical control department, packing unit, etc. The proposed simulation model is implemented in the AnyLogic system, which supports the possibility of using agent-based and discrete-event modeling methods within one model. The system also supports using the built-in genetic algorithm to optimize the main parameters of the model: the most important production characteristics (for example, assembly time of a product, the number of employees involved in assembly, quality control and packaging processes). Optimization experiments were completed with the help of the developed model at various intensities of loading conveyor lines with components, various restrictions on labor resources, etc. Three scenarios of the production system behavior are investigated: the absence of the components deficit with the possibility of significantly increasing the labor resource involved, a components deficit while demand for final products is maintained, and the presence of hard restrictions on the number of employees who can be involved in the processes under conditions of components deficit.

A Buckling Analysis and Optimization Method for a Variable Stiffness Cylindrical Pressure Shell of AUV

The composite cylindrical shell pressure structure is widely used for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). To analyze the critical buckling problem of variable stiffness (VS) composite pressure structure of AUV, a discrete finite element (DFE) method based on the curve fiber path function is developed in this work. A design and optimization method based on the radial basis function surrogate method is proposed to optimize the critical buckling pressure for a VS composite cylindrical shell. Both the DFE and surrogate methods are verified to be valid by comparison with the experimental data from the listed references. The effects of the geometric parameter and fiber angle on the critical buckling pressure are studied for different cylindrical shell cases. The results indicate that the proposed simulation model and optimization method are accurate and efficient for the buckling analysis and optimization of a VS composite cylindrical shell. Optimization result shows that the optimum critical buckling pressure for the VS cylindrical shell is improved and is 21.1% larger than that of the constant stiffness cylindrical shell under the same geometric and boundary condition.

Development and Validation of an ISA100.11a Simulation Model for Accurate Industrial WSN Planning and Deployment.

During the planning, design, and optimization of an industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN), the proposed solutions need to be validated and evaluated. To reduce the time and expenses, highly accurate simulators can be used for these tasks. This paper presents the development and experimental validation of an ISA100.11a simulation model for industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSN). To achieve high simulation accuracy, the ISA100.11a software stack running on two types of certified devices (i.e., an all-in-one gateway and a field device) is integrated with the ns-3 simulator. The behavior of IWSNs is analyzed in four different types of test scenarios: (1) through simulation using the proposed ISA100.11a simulation model, (2) on an experimental testbed using ISA100.11a certified devices, (3) in a Gateway-in-the-loop Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) scenario, and (4) in a Node-in-the-loop HIL scenario. Moreover, the scalability of the proposed simulation model is evaluated. Several metrics related to the timing of events and communication statistics are used to evaluate the behavior and performance of the tested IWSNs. The results analysis demonstrates the potential of the proposed model to accurately predict IWSN behavior.

Modified moth-Flame optimization for strategic integration of fuel cell in renewable active distribution network

In this article, a novel bi-layer optimization model is proposed for strategic accommodation of fuel cell (FC) in an active distribution network (ADN) that consists of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules. The foremost objective of the proposed model is to maximize the renewable power hosting potential of the distribution system. In outward-layer of the bi-layer optimization model, a vital multi-objective function is broached to assist the daily challenges of ancillary services. The objectives considered are minimizing the annual energy loss of the network, node voltage deviation, inverse power flow, demand deviation and conversion losses for battery energy storage system (BESS) connected with FC. Further, a modified version of moth flame optimization (MFO) is also proposed by overcoming a few limitations observed in its traditional variant. The proposed modification has enhanced the exploration and exploitation potential of MFO such that, their correct balance seeks the global optima. The presented modification is validated before applying it to the proposed simulation model. The proposed modified MFO is deployed to determine the optimization elements of the outward-layer. These are the details related to DERs accommodation. Whereas, a heuristic approach is proposed to solve the inward-layer optimization model designed to determine the optimal hourly power dispatch by BESS connected to FC, as per size suggested by outward-layer. The approach is designed to minimize the considered objectives i.e. annual energy losses and inverse power flow. To exhibit the competency of the proposed model, it is implemented on 33 and 108-bus balance distribution systems for numerous test cases. The resemblance of simulation obtain results reveals the inspirational dominance of the proposed optimization model. Further, the modified variant of MFO is found very effective to enhance the performance of ADN.

Framework for development of the Scheduler for Activities, Locations, and Travel (SALT) model

Understanding the travel behavior of individuals grouped by similar time-use activity patterns can contribute greatly to modeling regional spatial and temporal patterns of transport demand. In this paper, we present a comprehensive modeling framework to forecast and replicate individuals’ travel behavior, labeled as the Scheduler for Activities, Locations, and Travel (SALT). The prototype version of the SALT framework comprises a series of modules that employ behaviorally-based econometric, machine-learning, and data-mining techniques. The SALT model is cross-validated with 30% of the out-of-home sample survey data from the large Halifax Space Time Activity Research (STAR) household survey. Results show that the SALT scheduling model is able to assemble the travelers’ 24-hour schedules with an average 82% accuracy compared to the observed data. The proposed simulation modeling framework is useful for deeper understanding of individuals’ activity-travel decisions and may be utilized to examine sensitive policy issues such as transportation control measures and congestion-pricing.

Fast Energy Equivalent Modeling of MMC Based on Controlled Source

The electromagnetic transient simulation of large-scale MMC has the problems of large memory requirements and long simulation time, which restricts the development of simulation research [1-3]. To solve the problem of low efficiency of MMC electromagnetic transient simulation, this paper proposes a fast energy equivalent model for the equivalent of MMC. Thus, the fast simulation of MMC under normal working conditions and efficiency of simulation model can be realized. First of all, the rationality of achieving the Norton equivalent of MMC bridge arms is derived from the node voltage analysis method. Then the equivalent modeling method of MMC controlled source can be obtained. On this basis, a fast energy equivalent model that can simulate the capacitance characteristics of each sub-module of MMC is proposed by analyzing the switching function form of MMC. Finally, the proposed simulation modeling method was verified on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform.

Development of a simulation model of a photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress

A simulation model of a photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress taking into account the nature of signals of biological origin and stress response stages was developed. The method of constructing the simulation model is based on reconstructing the waveform and coding points of the signal taking into account the stress response curve using harmonic functions at characteristic time intervals. Using the simulation model of the photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress with previously known parameters allows validation of methods and algorithms for processing such data. It was found that in the process of simulation, it is necessary to take into account the signal frequency, random component and stress response curve. This complicates the simulation algorithm. However, using the simulation model with variable input parameters allows reproducing the signal with an emphasis on stress response stages. One of the features of the proposed model is the ability to reproduce the signal by coding points for amplitude and time intervals using harmonic functions. The relative error for the amplitude variation of the model and experimental data is 3.97 %, and for the period – 3.41 %. Calculation of Student's t-test showed a statistically insignificant difference: p=0.296 for the amplitude and p=0.275 for the period. This indicates that the simulation model takes into account the signal characteristics under stress: frequency, random component and stress response curve. Using the proposed simulation model is an adequate way to assess methods and algorithms for analyzing the state of the cardiovascular system under psychoemotional stress

Performance Analysis and Geometrical Design of Spiral-Grooved Thrust Bearing Employing CFD Model

The structural parameter of spiral groove has a great influence to spiral-grooved thrust bearing. Unsuitable value of spiral groove will lead to the poor hydrodynamic performance of spiral-grooved thrust bearing, namely vibration, wear and impact contact. This study proposes a new computational model and conducts the performance analysis of spiral-grooved thrust bearing. Based on the Navier–Stokers equation, the hydrodynamic analysis model can be applied to illustrate the lubrication performance of oil film. And, the proposed simulation model can be demonstrated by the experiment data. Additionally, the effects of groove length, groove width and groove number on lubrication performance characteristics of spiral-grooved thrust bearing are investigated.

High speed modulated wavelength division optical fiber transmission systems performance signature

This study presents modulated-wavelength division radio signals over fiber with mixed modulation techniques in the transmitter stage. Hybrid optical sources are used to achieve optimal performance and enhancement for an optical fiber communication network. The proposed modulation techniques work at a frequency of 250 GHz. Optical quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) and phase modulation (PM) techniques were merged to create OQPSKPM. This was in addition to the minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation scheme that was applied in the proposed model. The modulated wavelength division multiplexing design to four subscribers was examined with a single mode optical fiber at a 1550 nm wavelength. The proposed and previous simulation models were executed, investigated and measured on important operating parameter quantities that expressed the behavior of the optical fiber network in detail, like maximum quality factor, minimum bit error rate, and output power. The obtained simulation results demonstrated the priority of the proposed simulation model.

Numerical Study on the Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is an alternative method to fabricate high-resolution micro- and nanostructures with high efficiency, low cost, and low pollution. Numerical simulation is an effective approach to systematically investigate the formation process of EHD jet. However, there are a few articles performing this work. In this study, a finite element model was established. The jet formation process and jetting modes were analyzed. The influence of applied voltage and printing distance on the maximum electric field near the nozzle tip was investigated. The effect of flow rate on the jet diameters was studied. Comparison between numerical and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed simulation model had a high potential for EHD jet analysis. According to the optimized printing conditions (printing distance of 200–300 μm, applied voltage of ∼1100 V, and flow rate of 0.1–0.3 ml/h), stable EHD jet can generate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) lines with minimum line-width of 0.9 μm can be printed onto the glass slide.

Failures’ Diagnosis of High Voltage Power Supply System for Low Power Magnetrons

This paper treats the study of the equivalent magnetic flux leakage transformer core type; it uses three-phase high voltage power supplies for a magnetron in each phase. This special transformer feeds a voltage doubler, a current stabilizer cell in series per phase. It ensures the anodic current stabilization in each magnetron by saturation of its magnetic circuit. It has additional leakage flux, which protects the magnetron against any eventual voltage variation; it is considered the basic element of this power supply.The simulation results with MATLAB-Simulink environment of the electrical operation of this power supply device were consistent with the experimental laboratory tests in the case of single-phase high voltage for one magnetron. This results obtained shows the feasibility of the proposed simulation model

Validation of 6-DOF motion simulations for ship turning in regular waves

In this study, a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method of a ship steering in regular waves is validated. The proposed simulation model is based on the two-time scale concept where the 6-DOF motions are expressed as the sum of the low-frequency maneuvering motions and high-frequency wave-induced motions. Turning simulations of a KCS container ship model with a rudder angle of $$\pm 35^\circ$$ in calm water and regular waves are performed and the obtained results are compared with the results of a free-running model test. The model tests were conducted using a ship model of length 3.057 m in a square tank at the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan. The wave conditions were as follows: the wave height was 3.6 m at full-scale, ratio of wavelength to ship length was 1.0, and the ship approached in the head wave direction before it was steered. The present method can simulate both the turning motion and wave-induced motions in regular waves with practical accuracy.

Design of Intelligent Controller for Hybrid PV/Wind Energy Based Smart Grid for Energy Management Applications

This article deals in the modelling of intelligent controller for the Hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/Wind based smart grid system. With the development of solid state electronics also power systems intelligent techniques like neural networks, fuzzy logic, expert systems take part an essential contribution in design of controller for the smart grid. The above techniques give potential tools for design and development of fault detection controller in the advanced smart grid (SG). The intelligent techniques attained in rapid evolution during previous decades and their utilization now increased rapidly in current industrial environment. Renewable energy integration, participation of customers, performance optimization is important key features of digital grid power systems. In this article presents in new method of digital grid for hybrid photovoltaic/Wind based smart grid system were developed. It consists of solar PV array systems, wind power systems, asynchronous generator, converters, MPPT systems, fuzzy logic controllers (FLC). The model was performed through MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The dynamic performance in presented model was tested in various operating conditions. Sunlight Irradiation, heat and rate of wind statistics was collected in a power grid combined solar PV model placed in main system. In this proposed simulation model also in supervision scheme give an appropriate tool for optimization of smart grid performance.

Modelling of temperature fields in DP1000 steel during laser treatment using diffractive optical elements

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with their unique properties allow to form a predetermined beam intensity profile in the focal plane. The use of DOEs in laser material processing technologies reveals new possibilities for controlling the properties and operational characteristics of processed parts. The beam intensity profile formed by DOE is presented in the form of an analytical expression that was used to set a surface heat source for modelling thermal processes in DP 1000 steel. Experimental studies of samples under laser heating were performed. Simulation output results correlate well with the experimental data. The proposed simulation model, based on a precise heat input definition, is an intermediate step to the final goal, which is the prediction of structural changes in the zone of laser beam irradiation.