Proper Nutrition Research Articles

Harnessing poultry slaughter waste for sustainable pet nutrition: a catalyst for growth in the pet food industry

Dogs, renowned for their social nature and versatile roles in human society, necessitate proper nutrition to maintain health and vitality. With the burgeoning pet food market in India driven by increasing poultry production, there exists an opportunity to address environmental concerns while advancing companion animal nutrition. Currently, disposal of inedible poultry byproducts poses environmental challenges, urging a shift towards sustainable practices. This paper advocates for the utilization of poultry slaughter waste in pet nutrition, highlighting its nutritional benefits and environmental implications. By recycling poultry waste into valuable sources of animal proteins, minerals, and vitamins, the pet food industry can meet the dietary needs of companion animals while mitigating environmental pollution. Furthermore, the incorporation of animal byproducts aligns with carnivores' natural dietary instincts and addresses the limitations of plant-based protein sources. Drawing from established practices in industrialized nations, this paper underscores the potential of poultry slaughter waste utilization to propel the growth of the pet food industry in India. Embracing this sustainable approach not only ensures the well-being of companion animals but also fosters economic development and environmental stewardship in the Indian context.

Role of Prakruti (Constitution)-wise Pathya (Wholesome) in Disease Prevention for Children: A Narrative Review

Ayurveda, the Science of Life, not only utilises medications to cure diseases but also employs Anupana, Ahara (diet), and other techniques to preserve a person’s health and manage diseases. Ayurveda places strong emphasis on fundamental dietary principles such as suitable food, combinations of food, cooking techniques, storage, dining environment, hygiene, and manners. Pathya Ahara (Wholesome diet) Kalpana (Ayurvedic Dietetics) is a unique concept. Pathya (Wholesome) refers to that which provides relief to individuals through the use of diet and regimen. The primary goal of discussing Pathya (Wholesome) Ahara Kalpana (Ayurvedic Dietetics) is to highlight the importance of providing proper nutrition based on one’s constitution in preserving physical health and in balancing Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, and Agni to aid in curing various ailments. The term “Pathya” (Wholesome) refers to the diet and lifestyle that are compatible with a person’s channels, constitution, and strength, respectively. The key idea behind Pathya (Wholesome) Ahara (diet) serves as the foundation for both the preventive and therapeutic components of Ayurveda. According to Ashtavidha Ahara Vidhi Visesha Ayatana (Rules regarding Diet), there are various methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of paediatric disorders as described in Ayurveda. Therefore, utilising preventive measures can help in maintaining a disciplined lifestyle and promoting a healthy existence.

COLD LOGISTICS AS A COMPONENT OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS IN PORT CITIES

Abstract.Cold logistics in the modern world is gaining more and more relevance. The development of international trade and the globalization of the economy contribute to an increase in the volume of transportation of goods that require special storage and transportation conditions. Cold logistics originated in the pharmaceutical industry, now more and more goods require a special temperature regime - agricultural products, fish and meat products, etc. Also, in connection with the growing popularity of a healthy lifestyle and increasing awareness of the importance of proper nutrition, the demand for fresh vegetables and fruits is actively growing. This presents new tasks and requirements for the cold logistics system.Changes in temperature regimes, increased air humidity levels, and other factors can negatively impact the quality and safety of products during transportation. Therefore, addressing these issues requires the implementation of innovative technologies and logistics management strategies aimed at ensuring stability and safety of supplies.As a result of the conducted research, it was found that cold logistics represents an important field of logistics specializing in effectively maintaining temperature conditions during the storage and transportation of products. This sector plays a key role in ensuring the safety, quality, and freshness of food products, especially those prone to rapid spoilage.Recently, there has been a trend towards consolidation of cold supply chains. Understanding the essence of cold logistics and the peculiarities of the transportation organization in the cold chain are important aspects for ensuring the efficiency and reliability of logistics processes.This article examines theoretical approaches to defining the concept of "cold logistics", investigates the characteristic features of cold logistics, provides a characterization of "fresh" and "frozen" category goods, identifies factors stimulating and restraining the development of the cold logistics market, and explores the interaction of participants in cold supply chains in transport and logistics systems of port cities.Keywords: cold logistics, transport and logistics system, port cities, supply chain

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Hypertension: Its Management and Prevention

Hypertension is identified when blood pressure is higher than 140/90 mm of Hg. It is in public health concern in the form of systemic disease as well as in ocular manifestations. The main site for ocular changes in hypertension is retina which shows marked arteriolar attenuation, hemorrhages, oedema and swelling of the optic disc. If further uncontrolled vision threatening conditions like revascularization and even retinal detachment may occur in later stages. Other common ocular manifestations are subconjunctival hemorrhages, strabismus, ptosis and cranial verve palsies. Most of the recent treatment is focused in retinal laser therapy and intravitreal injection of anti VEGFs agents. To prevent the ocular manifestations blood pressure should be in strict control with sodium and salt restriction in diet. Adequate physical exercise and proper nutrition can also play crucial role for its management.

Midwives Knowledge Level Survey On Ultra Process Food (UPF) On Childrens Complementary Feeding Practices

Proper complementary nutrition is critical for child growth. Currently, UPF consumption is common, affecting IYCFP, where many older persons use CCF. Indeed, CCF has a negative impact on children's growth and development. Many factors contribute to this, one of which is a lack of assistance from other health providers, especially midwives. In Indonesia, midwives are the primary health workers that offer direct care to mothers. According to several sources, midwives continue to provide little support in this area due to insufficient experience and expertise. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness of UPF and ICYFP among midwives. The method employed is a hybrid strategy that employs successive explanation strategies. 114 midwives participated in the online study in 2022. The results of this study showed that there are still many midwives who do not know about UPF and IYCFP education and advocacy. There needs to be government support to conduct comprehensive education in the health sector, including midwives.

Search for Natural Remedies for the Treatment of Salmonella Typhi Infections

Typhoid is a major public health threat, particularly in areas lacking access to clean water, proper nutrition, and hygienic practices. The emergence of antibiotic resistance, inaccessibility of vaccines to the global south, and asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) have made tackling the scourge of typhoid a major challenge. Plant-based antimicrobial compounds have opened a new avenue for effectively managing typhoid by minimizing drug-related side effects and targeting the resistant strains of typhoidal salmonella cost-effectively. This review article contains many such candidates, who can potentially modify the typhoid treatment guidelines like Azadirachta indica, Canarium schweinfurthii-derived scopoletin, and Punic granatum, and those that target the resistant strains of S. typhi, like Amaranthus hybridus, and Quercus infectoria and Phyllanthus emblica. The article will also shed light on the challenges and promises associated with phytocompound extraction and standardization as the researchers navigate the uncharted waters of alternative medicinal sources.

Nutritional habits as risk factors for dental caries in children from rural and urban areas in Skopje

Proper nutrition is a long-term investment in one’s own health. Oral health as an integral part of general health is in bidirectional relationship with diet and nutrition. Globalization and urbanization have led to nutrition transition from a traditional agriculturally-based diet to consumption of processed foods that are high in sugar. Children have been particularly affected by this change. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between specific nutritional and hygiene habits and the development of caries in children from urban and rural areas. The study was conducted in December 2019 and comprised children aged 6 years. A survey was made and children’s dental status was tested. The results obtained showed a higher percentage of healthy deciduous (50%) and permanent (35%) teeth in children from rural areas than in children from urban area. Both groups had similar habits in terms of cariogenic and cariostatic food intake, but there were differences in children's hygiene habits.

Complementary Feeding Methods, Feeding Problems, Food Neophobia, and Picky Eating among Polish Children.

Proper nutrition during the first period of life is primarily related to meeting energy needs and providing essential nutrients that ensure the infant's normal physical and psychomotor development. Improper nutrition during this period, inadequate amounts of nutrients, inappropriate timing and manner of introduction of individual foods, can permanently alter metabolism and the course of physiological processes, increasing the risk of diseases such as obesity, allergic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to verify how the method of complementary feeding influences the occurrence of food neophobia between 2 and 7 years of age, as well as to assess the different nutritional aspects resulting from the process of starting feeding other than breast milk and milk formula. In this study, 490 mothers and their children aged 2-7 years participated. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of a child's dietary assessment and standardized questionnaires assessing food neophobia among children: Food Neophobia Scale for Children (FNSC) and the Montreal Children's Hospital-Pediatric Feeding (MCH-FS). In the study group of children, 238 (48.57%) had no Baby-Led Weaning Method (no BLW) method used during complementary feeding (CF), and 252 (51.42%) children used Baby-Led Weaning Method (BLW). According to the FNSC questionnaire, a high risk of food neophobia was found in 32.65% of the children studied and a medium risk in 39.80%. The medium risk of feeding problem occured in 11.63% of children, the high risk in 6.73% of children, and the highest risk in 6.94% (MCH-FS). No statistically significant differences were observed between the BLW and NoBLW groups. High risk of food neophobia occured in 1/3 of the children studied, but there was no relationship in the study group between the mode of CF (BLW/NoBLW) and the risk of food neophobia.

Prevalence and Predictors of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The long-term impact of iron deficiency anemia on female children was significantly reducing physical growth, neurological development and learning performance. There is limited data about the magnitude of iron deficiency anemia in Saudi Arabia in young children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of iron deficiency anemia in children attending primary health care at the age of the school entry. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including children at the age of school entry and they should be tested for detection of anemia after their parents sign an informed consent. Children with other types of anemia were excluded from this study. The minimal sample size is calculated using Raosoft calculator based on the equation for proportion estimation. Based on this proportion, at the confidence level of 95% and estimation error of 0.05 the initial sample size is calculated to be 384 participants. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the mothers or caregiver for the children. Results: A total sample of 384 attendants in PHC centers responded to the questionnaire, of them 59.5% were males. About 68% of the mothers have a high level of education as university or postgraduate studies and 83% were married. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 24% among children for both genders. Only nationality was a significant predictor for iron-deficiency anemia among children. Saudis children had a significantly lower prevalence of anemia than non-Saudis. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia among children at age of school entry was high and more attention to the nutritional habits of children should be given by mothers and health specialists. Educational campaign should be conducted to increase awareness about proper children nutrition among women, particularly women with non-Saudi nationality.

Desarrollo infantil en niños de los subniveles I y II en Quito

This study focuses on child development in children from sublevels I and II in the city of Quito, Ecuador, after the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective is to assess the progress of children in various comprehensive areas of development and address identified deficiencies. The Denver II Test is proposed for determining child development in children from these sublevels. The methodology used is a descriptive, correlational, and field research approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample consists of a total of 320 children from sublevels I and II, evaluated in both public and private educational institutions from different sectors of Quito. The results show that the majority of sublevel I children are within the normal range of development, while 75% of sublevel II children exhibit appropriate development.However, some children display indicators of short stature and severe thinness. Regardingnutrition, it is noteworthy that 72% of parents include healthy foods in their children’s diets, while 28% omit certain foods. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of assessing and addressing child development in sublevels I and II of Quito, with an emphasis on early education and proper nutrition.

The association of the Affordable Care Act with nutrient consumption in adults in the United States.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as the ACA, was legislation passed in the United States in 2010 to expand access to health insurance coverage for millions of Americans with a key emphasis on preventive care. Nutrition plays a critical role in overall wellness, disease prevention and resilience to chronic illness but prior to the ACA many Americans did not have adequate health insurance coverage to ensure proper nutrition. With passage of the ACA, more individuals received access to nutritional counseling through their primary care physicians as well as prescription vitamins and supplements free of charge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a national health insurance reform on nutrient intake among general population, including more vulnerable low-income individuals and patients with chronic conditions. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we identified 8,443 adults aged 21 years and older who participated in the survey before (2011-2012) and after the ACA (2015-2016) implementation and conducted a subgroup analysis of 952 respondents who identified as Medicaid beneficiaries and 719 patients with a history of cancer. Using pre-post study design and bivariate and multivariable logistic analyses, we compared nutrient intake from food and supplementation before and after the ACA and identified risk factors for inadequate intake. Our results suggest that intake of micronutrients found in nutrient-dense foods, mainly fruit and vegetables, has not changed significantly after the ACA. However, overall use of nutritional supplements increased after the ACA (p = 0.05), particularly magnesium (OR = 1.02), potassium (OR = 0.76), vitamin D (both D2, and D3, OR = 1.34), vitamin K (OR = 1.15) and zinc (OR = 0.83), for the general population as well as those in our subgroup analysis Cancer Survivors and Medicaid Recipients. Given the association of increased use of nutritional supplements and expansion of insurance access, particularly in our subgroup analysis, more research is necessary to understand the effect of increasing access to nutritional supplements on the overall intake of micro- and macronutrients to meet daily nutritional recommended allowances.

Fitness program for correction of overweight in women

The article discusses a fitness program for the correction of overweight in women of early adulthood. This problem is very relevant for women of early adulthood today. More and more people have problems with obesity and overweight. One of the leading methods of body weight correction is physical exercises, which, in addition to reducing excess weight, also contribute to the normalization of metabolism, restoration of the body's adaptation to physical activity; normalization of the functions of the cardiovascular and other body systems, these programs are fitness.
 Fitness is one of the world's most popular health improvement systems, which allows us to meet the modern needs of different age groups who want to make their figure beautiful and their health strong. The modern fitness industry offers a wide variety of techniques, and these techniques allow to expand the range of effects of physical exercises on the body of those who exercise.
 We have developed an experimental program, the essence of which is that, taking into account the initial data and individual characteristics of the body constitution of the course participants, physical activity and training volumes were constantly adjusted throughout the program, which gives participants the opportunity to properly approach the training process, learn the basic steps, movements, adapt to the load, try and choose training for their further development, and modern training programs used in the fitness facility help to achieve results in the most
 To achieve an effective weight loss result, two components must be used: nutritional adjustments and certain fitness training methods. Proper nutrition is an integral part of this process. Dual work improves metabolism and thus metabolic processes in the body, which helps to accelerate the process of reducing body fat.
 To achieve the goal and objectives, we initially formed two groups of 10 participants who were engaged in a sports club, all of whom were of the first age group, of whom 70% had problems with overweight.

Fortification of Emulsions Stabilized by an Authentic Bioactive Complex into a Complex Heterogeneous Food Matrix

The issues of proper nutrition safety and life quality improvement cover all segments of the food industry. The product development of a new format with added utility can solve the issues. The article aim is to develop and study the applicability of authentic bioactive complexes to stabilize and ensure the bioactive properties of a Pickering emulsion used for subsequent fortification into a food heterogeneous matrix. When producing stabilized Pickering emulsions, a man run the research of the spatial and molecular level of the fortifier bond formation with the feedstock components. The combined sample of bioactive substances included: brown algae polysaccharides (fucoidan and Alg-Na); sonochemically modified starch containing 50.8 % of the RS2 prebiotic; extracted phenolic substances of T. cordifolia extract (berberine alkaloid); zinc oxide ZnO as an antimicrobial component. An effective tool to minimize the factors limiting the fine-dispersed distribution, provided the properties preservation, is physical exposure based on the cavitation effects of low-frequency ultrasound. A man revealed the high stability of the systems (99.9 %) while adding 1.5 % micronized zinc oxide, at the viscosity of 342 MPa·sec and AOA of 92.9 % of the DPPH. During the production of stabilized Pickering emulsions using sonochemical ultrasound exposure, the dispersion of ZnO and the AOA of the berberine alkaloid has changed. When using T. cordifolia extract and zinc oxide as a part of two-component compositions for starch-based Pickering emulsions stabilization, there was an increase in the AOA values and the stability preservation of the obtained emulsions. The advantage of the sonochemically modified starch introduction for the Pickering emulsion stabilization is that during the modification process the amylose proportion in native starch increases, which is stable in the digestion processes in the thin part of the gastrointestinal tract and is fermented only in the thick section. The functional and technological properties of RS2, particularly, its emulsifying ability, provide the high stability of Pickering emulsions stabilized with starch composition (50.8 % RS2) and T. cordifolia (0.2 %).

Educational interventions to combat anemia in pregnant women: nursing perspective

Anemia during pregnancy is a common condition that can cause serious consequences for the mother and fetus, including premature delivery and low birth weight. Nursing plays a crucial role not only in the clinical management of anemia, but also in its prevention through education and continuous monitoring. Nurses educate pregnant women about the importance of proper nutrition, adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation, and early identification of symptoms of anemia. Educational and community programs have been shown to improve knowledge and adherence to nutritional recommendations, thereby reducing the incidence of anemia. Technological interventions, such as the use of SMS reminders and m-Health support, have also been shown to be effective. It is essential that nurses continue to develop and participate in these strategies to improve maternal and perinatal health by identifying and managing risk factors and ensuring consistent and personalized follow-up.

Frailty in end-stage liver disease: Understanding pathophysiology, tools for assessment, and strategies for management.

Frailty and sarcopenia are frequently observed in patients with end-stage liver disease. Frailty is a complex condition that arises from deteriorations across various physiological systems, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems, resulting in a reduced ability of the body to withstand stressors. This condition is associated with declined resilience and increased vulnerability to negative outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and mortality. In cirrhotic patients, frailty is influenced by multiple factors, such as hyperammonemia, hormonal imbalance, malnutrition, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and alcohol intake. Assessing frailty is crucial in predicting morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. It can aid in making critical decisions regarding patients' eligibility for critical care and transplantation. This, in turn, can guide the development of an individualized treatment plan for each patient with cirrhosis, with a focus on prioritizing exercise, proper nutrition, and appropriate treatment of hepatic complications as the primary lines of treatment. In this review, we aim to explore the topic of frailty in liver diseases, with a particular emphasis on pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and discuss strategies for preventing frailty through effective treatment of hepatic complications. Furthermore, we explore novel assessment and management strategies that have emerged in recent years, including the use of wearable technology and telemedicine.

There is no plan(et) B - environmental “crossroads' of children's rights”

AbstractIt is an obvious statement that children are disproportionately affected by changes in their environment, due to their incomplete maturity, evolving capacities, vulnerabilities derived from their age and special developmental needs. Changes in temperature, air and water quality, and access to proper nutrition are likely to have more severe and long-term impacts on children's health, development and well-being, since they basically determine the enjoyment of the right of the child to a healthy environment. The impacts of climate change clearly undermine the effective enjoyment of the rights enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (hereinafter: UN CRC) and its Optional Protocols, including the rights to life, survival and development (art. 6), to family relations and the right not to be separated from one's parents against one's will (arts. 9–10), the highest attainable standard of health (art. 24), an adequate standard of living (art. 27), education (art. 28), freedom from any form of violence or exploitation (arts. 19, 32 and 34–36), the right to recreation and play (art. 31) and the enjoyment of one's culture (art. 30). The climate crisis has been declared as child rights crisis, although children bear the least responsibility for it.The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has clearly identified climate change as one of the biggest threats to children's health and has urged States Parties to put children's health concerns at the centre of their climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.1 Despite data and research explicitly linking environmental harm to child rights violations, increasing knowledge of environmental crises and existing numerous international agreements, the common understanding of the clear relationship between children's rights and the environment is still questionable and obscure.2 In this paper we have gathered the binding international documents which clearly show the close link between children's rights and climate change, and we also analyze the measures taken by the relevant treaty-monitoring body within the field of children's rights. The main outcome of this paper is to give an introduction and an extended overview of the relevant international norms adopted by the environmental ‘crossroads’ of children's rights.

From Chronodisruption to Sarcopenia: The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin.

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition that involves a progressive decline in muscle mass and function, leading to increased risk of falls, frailty, and mortality. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, aging-related processes like inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial capacity, and cell apoptosis contribute to this decline. Disruption of the circadian system with age may initiate these pathways in skeletal muscle, preceding the onset of sarcopenia. At present, there is no pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia, only resistance exercise and proper nutrition may delay its onset. Melatonin, derived from tryptophan, emerges as an exceptional candidate for treating sarcopenia due to its chronobiotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its impact on mitochondria and organelle, where it is synthesized and crucial in aging skeletal muscle, further highlights its potential. In this review, we discuss the influence of clock genes in muscular aging, with special reference to peripheral clock genes in the skeletal muscle, as well as their relationship with melatonin, which is proposed as a potential therapy against sarcopenia.

Assessing the acceptability and implementation feasibility of a culturally adapted parenting intervention for Marshallese mothers: A study protocol

BackgroundPacific Islanders, including the Marshallese, face higher rates of obesity and obesity-related chronic conditions. Early-life interventions targeting eating patterns during the first 1000 days of life are essential to promote proper nutrition and growth. Marshallese mothers and caregivers are important decision-makers for feeding practices that could affect childhood obesity rates in Marshallese children. However, little is known about dietary patterns and practices of Marshallese families from birth to 12 months. Culturally-adapted approaches using community-based assets and Pacific Islander cultural values/practices have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing obesity but have not been developed for children. MethodsThis article describes the protocol for a study to culturally adapt the Centering Parenting intervention for Marshallese mothers in Arkansas. ConclusionThis will be the first study to culturally adapt and implement Centering Parenting with Marshallese women in the United States. This study will be an important first step to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an abbreviated parenting intervention to reduce childhood obesity in Marshallese communities.

Lived Experiences of PLWHIV Accessing Nutrition Education and Counselling: Exploring the Benefits, Barriers and Strategies

HIV patients require proper nutrition for health management, and nutrition education and counselling services in primary healthcare help them make informed decisions about dietary practices, promoting physical well-being and economic welfare. This study aimed to explore and describe the lived experiences of PLWHIV in accessing nutrition education and counselling. This study was conducted in Lusaka District, Zambia. It adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological design. A total of 25 participants, aged between 20 and 60 and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for over three years, were purposively selected, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The study revealed that individuals with PLWHIV benefited from nutrition education and counselling, despite challenges like transportation, limited resources, and personnel shortages. The study concluded that nutrition education and counselling significantly impact PLWHIV's health, leading to positive changes in dietary practices and overall well-being. However, challenges in accessibility and acceptability persist, requiring improvements in healthcare infrastructure and resources. Recommendations include enhancing nutrition counselling services, promoting regular physical activity, collaborating with healthcare facilities and community organisations, monitoring and evaluating services, and identifying best practices to enhance care quality.

A REVIEW ON EXPLORING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN CROP PRODUCTION

The essential plant nutrients for growth and development include Zinc, Iron, Boron, Molybdenum, Manganese, Copper, and Chlorine. For an agricultural product to be successfully developed proper crop nutrition is crucial. One of the most significant variables that promote crop production and development is the linked supply of micronutrients with macronutrients in sufficient levels and optimum proportions. Even though they are frequently needed in very low amounts, micronutrients are necessary for plant development. To produce a maximum number of high-quality products, vegetable production must employ micronutrients effectively. The current study has given a significant of micronutrients in crops. Zinc, Boron, Copper, Chloride, Iron, Manganese, and Molybdenum are significant micronutrients. Although Mo is particularly specific to nitrate reductase, other micronutrients are engaged in a variety of photosynthetic processes. Other micronutrients like Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn are also connected to a variety of enzymatic activities.