Professional Duties Research Articles

Trauma-Informed Care: A Missing Link in Addressing Burnout.

The Covid-19 pandemic and national movements for health equity have highlighted the impact of trauma on public health as well as on health worker well-being. As burnout rates across healthcare climb, we seek creative and effective solutions. Current anti-burnout strategies focus on much needed systems solutions for employee success; however, they often lack a trauma-informed approach. Trauma is highly prevalent in society at large, and health workers are further exposed to trauma in the course of their professional studies and duties. Common symptoms of burnout may actually be manifestations of traumatic stress. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a strategic framework and growing social movementfor providing quality care to survivors of individual, interpersonal, collective, and structural trauma. Importantly, TIC has practical applications to address our healthcare burnout epidemic. In this perspective piece, an expert describes a trauma-informed lens through which to view burnout solutions using SAMHSA's 4 Rs of a trauma-informed approach: 1) Realize the widespread impact of trauma, 2) Recognize the signs and symptoms in patients and staff, 3) Respond by integrating knowledge about trauma into practice, and actively 4) Resist re-traumatization. Moving forward, key stakeholders must collaborate to build and refurbish efficient systems alongside a trauma-informed organizational model. TIC can transform the healthcare experience for patients and employees alike by fostering community, empowerment, and healing.

Media ethics in the Pacific: Ethical challenges in the Marshall Islands

Media ethics in the Pacific Islands varies considerably among nations in practice, as shown in scholarship. This case study of 16 Marshall Islands journalists aims to provide evidence of ethical decision-making in practice in one Pacific Island nation, and demonstrate the intersection of imported journalism values and local culture. It builds on survey work of Pacific Island journalists’ roles by Singh and Hanusch (2021), the Worlds of Journalism study by Hanitzsch et al. (2019) and works by Robie (2004, 2014 and 2019). Responses from 16 journalists in the Republic of the Marshall Islands who made ethical decisions during a journalism workshop facilitated by the newly established Pacific Media Institute at the College of Marshall Islands in June 2022 were analysed. First, the participants identified ethical conflicts in carrying out their professional duties. Next, they applied standard ethics codes from democracies (absolutism), to local scenarios. Discussion centered on how to address the core value of independence because of dominance of the church and the strongly influential chiefly system in RMI. Personal relationships were also factored in their ethical decision-making because the journalists considered the perspectives of all stakeholders in reporting on Marshallese culture and society. They were keenly aware of the consequences of their reporting on their community. They offered unique, locally derived solutions from different perspectives. They often exhibited an ‘ethics of care', prioritising humanity and sometimes societal harmony.

Subjective and contextual determinants of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties

Subjective and contextual determinants of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties

The revised International Code of Medical Ethics: an exercise in international professional ethical self-regulation

The World Medical Association (WMA), the global representation of the medical profession, first adopted the International Code of Medical Ethics (ICoME) in 1949 to outline the professional duties of physicians...

What has Kant got to say about conscientious objection to reproductive health in South Africa?

A woman's right to a safe legal abortion in South Africa conflicts with a health care professional's freedom of conscience. Conscientious objection or treatment refusal on the basis of conscience may be protected by the constitution but its morality has not been explored. This study uses Kantian Deontology to elucidate the ethical duties of health care professionals based on the Physician's Pledge. It concludes that conscience is morally empty and that health care professionals have a duty to treat all patients equally irrespective of the condition they present. Drawing on Kantian promise keeping, the study also concludes that health care professionals should place patients health and wellbeing above all other considerations. Using the categorical imperative, the study shows that health care professionals have a perfect duty not to refuse treatment. The study recommends that conscientious objection be rejected in all circumstances except where the psychological wellbeing of the health care professional will be affected. This can be achieved through legislative and professional body regulation of conscientious objection.

Qualitative study legal protection of the implementation of anesthesiologists' duties in delegation of doctor authority: legal protection of anesthesiologists in carrying out professional duties

Anesthesiologists have the main duties in Anesthesia Structuring Care services, including pre-, intra, and post-anesthesia. Kepmenkes Number 251 of 2015 concerning National Guidelines for Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical Services and Minister of Health Regulation Number 31 of 2013 concerning the Implementation of Anesthesia Nurse Work are legal products that regulate the implementation of anesthesia services. The two Permenkes have regulated the authority to carry out anesthesia measures and are the responsibility of Anesthesiologists with their expertise and authority. The legal basis for delegation of authority for medical action is contained in the Law on Health Workers in Article 65 paragraph (1); in carrying out health services, health workers can receive a delegation of medical action from medical personnel. This study aims to determine the legal protection of anesthesiologists in carrying out delegation of authority for professional duties in hospitals. This research is qualitative research with the sociological juridical method and single case design. Purposive sampling with interviews with doctors and anesthesiologists related to the delegation of authority of as many as six people. The results of this study, anesthesiologists in carrying out their duties, have been protected by the existence of the hospital by law made by the medical committee with the Standard Operating Procedures and Details of Work Authority of doctors and anesthesiologists in hospitals. Research advice to maintain the proper exercise of the anesthesiologist's authority.

Correlation between the categories «law» and «morality» in the context of the practice of advocacy

This article analyzes both the common features and the features that distinguish the categories of «law» and «morality» primarily through the prism of the specifics of the legal status of a lawyer and the lawyer's activity as a whole. The positions of scientists regarding the definition of the relationship between these categories are analyzed. Attention is focused on the fact that most scientists consider such a relationship through the prism of the complementarity of the institutions of law and morality as regulators of social relations.
 Within the framework of this article, the relationship between the categories «law» and «morality» was investigated precisely through the prism of the lawyer's professional activity. A conclusion is drawn according to which, in the process of lawyer activity, there is a coincidence (combination) of legal and purely moral aspects (the norms of law and morality are inextricably linked), and such activity by its nature should be perceived precisely through the prism of morality, taking into account the special role of moral principles for the profession of a lawyer (a lawyer should proceed from a deeper understanding of the categories «justice», «justice», «honor», «dignity», «good faith», «responsibility», etc. both in carrying out his professional activities and in everyday life).
 Attention is drawn to the fact that a lawyer in any of his activities, including in everyday life, must first of all strictly observe the moral duties imposed on him by his special status (his profession), which, in combination with legal ones, embody his a professional duty, the failure of which entails disciplinary responsibility.
 In order to achieve the set goal and reveal the stipulated tasks, the authors used the methods characteristic of legal science, and the research itself was conducted using primarily systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as the dialectical method of learning legal reality.

“It’s Pretty Sad If You Get Used to It”: A Qualitative Study of First Responder Experiences with Opioid Overdose Emergencies

Background First responders play a vital role in the United States opioid drug overdose crisis, a public health emergency that has claimed many lives. Objective We sought to investigate first responders’ experiences and attitudes toward opioid overdose emergencies and the ongoing crisis, as well as emotional effects, coping strategies, and support systems. Methods A convenience sample of first responders (n = 18) at the Columbus Fire Division, with experience responding to opioid emergencies, participated in semi-structured telephone interviews between September 2018 and February 2019. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis for themes. Results While almost all participants described overdose emergencies as routine, they recalled some as memorable and emotionally impactful. Almost all respondents were frustrated by the high rates of overdose among their patients and the lack of sustainable improvements in outcomes, yet expressed a strong moral commitment to caring for patients and saving lives. Themes of burnout, compassion fatigue, and hopelessness emerged, as did themes of increased compassion and empathy. Support for personnel experiencing emotional difficulty was either lacking or underutilized. Further, many felt public policies should prioritize more permanent resources and improve access to care, and believed that people who use drugs should face greater accountability. Conclusion First responders perceive a moral and professional duty to treat patients who overdose, despite their frustrations. They may benefit from additional occupational support to cope with the resultant emotional effects of their role in the crisis. Addressing macro-level factors contributing to the overdose crisis and improving patient outcomes could also positively affect first responder wellbeing.

Stronger together: learner reactions on a team-based, interprofessional first death simulation experience

ABSTRACT Patient death is a common experience that may be traumatic for health care providers. Although current rates of burnout are high, evidence supports that interprofessional coping can improve clinician mental health. While health care simulation affords learners freedom of safety to participate in a variety of educational experiences, current application of simulation during patient death is limited to professional duties, without explicitly addressing learner emotional well-being. We designed a patient death simulation scenario within a supportive and reflective interprofessional environment to teach foundational coping and well-being strategies to preclinical nursing, medical, and pharmacy students. Sixty-one students participated in this team-based, First Death simulation experience. Debriefings were analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis methodology. Students reacted to being part of an interprofessional team after having participated in simulation about the death of a patient as described by five categories: emotional awareness, communication insight, feeling stronger together, with role curiosity, and through reflections on support. Findings suggested that simulation is an effective teaching modality for mentoring interprofessional students on humanistic well-being strategies. Furthermore, the experience fostered reactions transcending interprofessional competencies, which are transferrable to future clinical practice.

The roles and ethical perspectives of urban planners in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of ethical rules on Turkish planners’ ability to carry out their duties. Researchers used qualitative and quantitative methods, including a survey with hypothetical scenarios and prioritization tests, to measure ethical preferences. Findings indicate that planners in Turkey make ethically inappropriate choices in providing information outside their field of expertise and publishing information on demand. However, their responsibility to the public and public interest principle come to the forefront in planners’ ethical preferences. Planners preferred deontological ethics in performing their professional duties, but also preferred more political and hybrid roles.

Implementasi Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di MI Sirojul Athfal Pondok Rajeg Cibinong Bogor

This research is based on the demands of the community's needs for quality and higher-quality education. Supervision is an important thing that needs to be done in an effort to improve the quality of education. This supervision is in the form of encouragement, guidance, and opportunities to grow teacher expertise in carrying out their professional duties. This study aims to identify and describe the implementation of school principal supervision in improving teacher performance. This research was conducted at MI Sirojul Athfal Pondok Rajeg Cibinong Bogor. This research is based on the boardman's theory of supervision. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method supported by data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The sources of informants in this research were the principal and two teachers. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the supervision of the principal at MI Sirojul Athfal goes well every semester on a regular and scheduled basis. In stimulating teacher performance, the principal provides support, facilities, and appreciation for teachers. In coordinating teacher performance, the principal holds related coordination meetings, evaluates learning, conducts peer tutoring, and involves teachers in community activities. The school principal provides input, suggestions, and solutions related to difficulties faced by teachers, and in an effort to improve teacher performance, the principal provides motivation and optimizes facilities.
 Keywords: Principal Supervision, Teacher Performance

Ethical challenges in social work education and practice in the context of child protection in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Child protection is one of the prioritized principles in the UNCRC. The ACRWC aligns with the UNCRC through concern with the overall protection against socially and culturally harmful practices that may be detrimental to children’s health and general well-being. There are ethical challenges when children’s rights are in conflict with the cultural activities that could lead to the abuse of children within the context of Africa in general, and Nigeria, in particular. Scholars have affirmed that the international standards that respect children’s promotion and protection rights are profoundly shaped toward a Western cultural value system and lack meaningful contributions from Africa, leading to the adoption of the ACRWC. Applying social work theories in social work practice is very challenging within the Nigerian context as there are no legitimized regulations in social work to uphold the profession’s ethics during the practice of social work. A review of literature on the ethical challenges encountered by social workers in the protection of children against child exploitation/abuse such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) during training and/or in their professional duties and responsibilities is examined. The implication of such cultural practices and the relevance of social work education in contemporary Nigerian society is explored.

EXPERT OPINION IN PROVING THE ARMED AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND DETERMINING THE DAMAGES TO UKRAINE: IMPORTANCE, CHALLENGES, AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

The article examines the problems of the use of an expert’s opinion in legal practice as one of the key pieces of evidence in court, including research related to the determination of damage and losses caused to Ukraine as a result of the armed aggression of the russian federation, the determination of the very fact of aggression, taking into account amendments to some normative legal acts on issues of forensic expert activity in the context of the independent collection of materials by a forensic expert as part of his professional duties. The issue of further assessment of the expert’s opinion was investigated in accordance with the procedure provided for by law.

Сучасні проблеми організації роботи вчителя-логопеда в умовах інклюзивно-ресурсного центру

This article highlights and analyzes modern problems of organizing the work of a speech therapist who works in an inclusive resource center: insufficient material and technical support of the office for providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with speech disorders; improving and standardizing the work of a speech therapist in the online mode; provision of psychological-pedagogical and correctional-developmental services to children with special educational needs from families who are refugees or temporarily internally displaced persons, etc. Based on the results of a survey conducted among speech therapist teachers (specialists) of inclusive resource centers, in which 30 respondents took part. The content of the questions in the questionnaire provided for the identification of current problems related to the organization of speech therapy work in inclusive resource centers and ways to solve them. The questionnaire is included in the Google form, in which a survey of speech therapists working in inclusive resource centers was carried out and familiarization with the work experience of a speech therapist in this institution was also identified a number of factors that stand in the way of his effective work. The analysis of the answers gives grounds for the conclusion that the modern system of inclusive education partially meets the needs of children with speech disorders, as 93% of the surveyed speech therapists believe so, 7% are convinced that it does not. According to experts, the organizational and methodical direction of work needs improvement the most (33%), consultative and educational (27%), correctional and developmental (23) less, and the least number of respondents chose the diagnostic direction of work as the one that needs improvement. Based on the results of our work, we found that the activity of modern inclusive resource centers is limited by a number of problems related to the organization of the work of the institution itself and the specialist (teacher-speech therapist), as well as the state policy and society's attitude to the needs of children with special educational needs and their parents. The conducted survey, as well as observation of the work of a speech therapist in these institutions, gives grounds for the conclusion that the problems that stand in the way of his effective work are related to a number of factors: personal attitude to work and responsibility for the performance of professional duties; the activities of the institution itself, the availability of the necessary material and technical support, the introduction of a data bank of children with special educational needs; state regulation and support for the activities of inclusive resource centers, thereby ensuring the right of children with special educational needs to receive quality education, as well as society's attitude towards such children.

The Lack of Social Work Schemes as an Impediment to Social Work Practice in Nigeria

The research focused on social welfare schemes and Social Work. The methodology was qualitative comprising secondary sources of research. The theoretical perspective was the Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler (2004) transformative social protection theory. The lack of social welfare schemes led to inability of the public and most especially the most vulnerable Nigerians to get any form of social assistance. This led to extreme poverty which triggered insecurity and violent crimes across the country. The lack of budgetary allocation to fund social welfare schemes impeded the ability of government to recruit Social Workers to fulfil their professional duties of child protection, upholding human rights abuses of vulnerable Nigerians, providing services in public and private organisations. The Findings: the lack of social welfare is an impediment to effective social work practice and tremendous social suffering among the Nigerian public. Conclusion: Government should consider enacting laws to make the country a social welfare state so as to pay social welfare benefits to the unemployed and the most vulnerable Nigerians. Recommendations: Laws should be enforced to punish violators of human rights. Religious institutions should be encouraged to build retirement homes for their members so as to ease the housing needs of the aged population.

Assessment of the legal regulation of forensic medical bureau activities in the field of anti-epidemic measures

Introduction. The staff of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine (BFM) experience a high microbial load in the performance of their professional duties, which poses a serious health hazard. Cases of infectious diseases continue to be recorded among the medical personnel of the BFM, which requires the prevention of infection during professional activities. The process of legal regulation of BFM activities in terms of compliance with sanitary and hygienic measures ensuring the safety of BFM employees from infectious contamination and improving the quality of expertise is becoming highly relevant.The purpose of the study is to propose measures to improve the regulation of relevant procedures based on the analysis of the legal regulation of BFM activities in matters of infectious safety.Materials and methods. We studied laws and bylaws at the federal and departmental levels. The regulatory framework was evaluated at the following conditional stages of forensic medical examination: processing of the sectional table; processing of instruments used for autopsy; personnel hand hygiene; current and general cleaning in the sectional rooms of the BFM.Results It was noted that there are no recommendations for disinfection after each dissection when processing the sectional table, the disagreements in the documents regulating the processing and disinfection of sectional instruments were revealed, the necessity of processing the instruments by mechanized method with the help of ultrasonic washers was shown. The points requiring attention with respect to the use of personal protective equipment, treatment of experts’ hands and other antiepidemic measures in the light of the new regulatory documents that have come into force are listed: Sanitary Rules and Regulations 3.3686-21 and Sanitary Rules 2.1.3678-20.Discussion The identified contradictions in the issues determining the actions of the expert at each of the stages indicate that the sanitary and hygienic measures are covered insufficiently and require more detailed elaboration.Conclusion Changes are required at the legislative, subordinate, and regulatory levels. Standard operating procedures must be implemented for BSMSE staff, which must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation regulating the activities of BFM, as well as precautions to ensure the infectious safety of employees.

Everyday Life of Kursk Railway Workers in the 1920s-1930s

The relevance of the stated topic lies in the need to improve the social policy of the state and large corporations aimed at creating favorable working and leisure conditions for employees, allowing them to perform their professional duties as efficiently as possible. Generalization of the experience of providing housing for railway workers in historical retrospect focuses on the successful solution of the problems that arise today. the lack of specialized research on the stated topic provides an opportunity to fill in the gaps in the reflection of the socio-economic history of Russia and the region in the first half of the twentieth century.The purpose of the study is to characterize the living conditions of Kursk railway workers in the 1920s and 1930s on the basis of archival sources and published works.Objectives: on the basis of the identified sources to reflect the issues of providing railwaymen with housing; to note the role of authorities and public organizations in creating decent living conditions for transport workers; to determine the specifics of providing public services to Kursk railwaymen.Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks set by the author, the methods of historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, retrospective were used.Results. The study of housing and living conditions of railway workers allowed us to give a detailed description of one of the key factors in the organization of labor activity of employees associated with the performance of an important state function for the transportation of passengers and cargo across the country and beyond.Conclusions. A significant increase in the volume of housing construction in the 1920s-1930s at the Kursk railway junction, the improvement of housing and living conditions of railway workers' families undoubtedly had a positive impact on the industrial and socio-political activity of railway transport workers.

Understanding and Fostering Mental Health and Well-Being among University Faculty: A Narrative Review.

In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of mental health concerns in academia, with stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression being reported among faculty members. The demanding work environment, the need to balance personal and professional duties, and the constant pressure of productivity while navigating multiple tasks of teaching, research, mentorship, professional development, and service all impact the mental health and overall well-being of faculty. Higher education institutions have structurally changed as has the research landscape. These changes as well as faculty-specific and student-specific factors coupled to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to profound effects on the mental health of academics. This paper is a narrative review of the pertinent literature describing faculty mental health and well-being. It summarizes the available evidence on factors influencing faculty mental health and shows the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout among faculty from various academic fields and along the whole academic ladder. Using a suggested framework that collates the efforts of leaders and faculty, the paper concludes by exploring strategies that promote work-life balance among academics and suggesting effective interventions to improve their mental health outcomes.

PROFESSIONALISM AND TECHNO-PEDAGOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE CLASSROOM SCENARIO OF ELEMENTARY LEVEL SCHOOL TEACHERS: AN ANALYSIS

As per New Education Policy-2020, an elementary stage or foundation stage of education is given special focus. Teachers play a significant role in this stage like providing good quality of education, professional duties and commitment. It is desirable that a teacher should perform his duties ethically. At the elementary level, the teachers holding administrative, supervisory and teaching works should follows some professional ethics in their teaching learning practices along with techno-pedagogical integration. Technology coupled with pedagogy is boon for teaching learning process which helped them in maintaining their code of ethics and the duties and responsibly in their profession. A teacher has some obligations towards students, parents, society. In this paper the researcher tries to explain the importance of professionalism and techno-pedagogical integration in elementary school classrooms are essential for fostering effective teaching practices and promoting student success. In this study the researcher made an analysis and interprets documents and secondary sources (such as edited books, papers, journals, theses, websites, etc).

Notaries at Risk: Urgent Need for Legal Protection Against Criminal Acts

This study aims to address the legal protection issues faced by notaries in relation to potential criminal acts and proposes ideas for regulating legal protection. Utilizing a normative legal research approach, data was collected through literature reviews, document analysis, and legal interviews, with conceptual and legal framework analysis conducted. The results reveal a lack of legal harmonization between notarial law and criminal law, which challenges the provision of adequate legal protection for notaries. Harmonization of legal provisions is critical to ensure optimal notarial services and protect against potential criminal acts. The findings emphasize the urgency of implementing legal provisions for notaries' adequate protection and offer valuable insights for policymakers and legal practitioners in crafting effective legal frameworks.
 Highlights:
 
 
 Legal harmonization between notarial and criminal law is needed for adequate protection of notaries.
 
 
 Protection is necessary for optimal services and protection against criminal acts.
 
 
 Harmonizing legal provisions is critical for effective protection.
 
 
 Keywords: Notarial Law, Legal Protection, Criminal Acts, Harmonization, Professional Duties