Production In Ukraine Research Articles

Circular economy as an imperative for sustainable development

The lack of resources in the modern world necessitates the reorganisation of the conventional linear economy into a new, circular model of economic development, and this requirement is even more urgent for a country at war. The purpose of this study was to prove the necessity and possibility of achieving sustainable development goals even in a crisis, using evidence from Ukraine. Using such methods as statistical analysis, comparison, and synthesis, the dynamics of sustainable development in the European Union and Ukraine were investigated. In addition, relevant experts were interviewed via an online survey. The study obtained and analysed statistics on the transition of European countries to clean energy sources, conducted a detailed investigation of the current legislative framework and state institutions of Ukraine related to recycling war waste, strengthening the digitalisation of Ukrainian society, and studied wartime circular recycling measures. Statistics on the factual destruction and pollution of the environment as a result of hostilities and the temporary occupation of some territories were also examined. Furthermore, information was collected and systematised from the management of Ukrainian manufacturing enterprises on the factual implementation of circular economy principles during the war. The analysis of the data obtained led to the conclusion that the crisis only increases the need to save resources. The practical significance of the study lies in proving that there is no alternative to the goals of sustainable development in the future and emphasising Ukraine’s competitive advantages in this area during the post-war reconstruction. These proposals will be useful for private investors who can profitably finance Ukraine’s future recovery in line with the principles of the circular economy

Прогнозування обсягів випуску вугільної продукції у повоєнний період в Україні

The purpose of the study is to adjust the previously developed forecasts of the development of the Ukrainian coal industry, as well as to determine the appropriate volumes of coal production for the energy sector and the country's economy as a whole. Due to the loss of all mines in Luhansk region and some mines in Donetsk region as a result of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the forecast scenarios for the development of the coal industry of Ukraine for the period up to 2040 were adjusted. To adjust the forecast scenarios for the development of the coal industry, the software subsystem for forecasting coal production in Ukraine was used in the context of instability of the structure of the country's fuel bases arising from the effect of extraordinary force factors, in particular martial law, temporary occupation of the territory of Ukraine, and the. The software was created to enable a quick assessment of the impact of emergencies situations in the country on production volumes in the coal industry and to take them into account when developing forecasts of fuel supply to the economy and the country's energy balance as a whole. The software is created on the basis of databases detailing professional forecasts of the coal industry development by coal mining facilities, taking into account mining, geological, technological, economic and social features of coal mining enterprises, as well as possible scenarios of their technological re-equipment and optimization of production sites, and allows adjusting such forecasts by changing the expected production status of a mine in the event of force majeure. According to the adjusted scenarios, the volumes of coal production to meet the needs of the thermal power industry, metallurgical industry and other sectors of the economy for the period up to 2040 were determined. Keywords: coal industry, production, coal products, forecast, development, scenarios.

Economic efficiency of feed use in milk production in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

The article conducted comprehensive studies of the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The principal value and natural indicators that characterize the productivity of feed use in dairy cattle breeding are defined. Based on the benchmarking technique, an assessment of the relative technological efficiency of the use of feed by the regions of Ukraine was carried out, and potential reserves of their reduction relative to the reference value of the indicator of feed consumption per 1 t of milk was established. The main measures to increase the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukraine's agricultural enterprises are proposed. According to the results of the study, it was established that the payment of feed in enterprises that produce milk in Ukraine for 2010-2023 increased from 2.5 to 17 UAH per 1 feed unit, which is due to the devaluation of the national currency during the studied period and partly due to the increase in technological efficiency use of fodder. In terms of US dollars, the feed payment for milk production during the same period increased from 0.31 to 0.51 dollars per 1 feed unit. As of the end of 2023, Ukrainian enterprises spent an average of 0.41 dollars of the cost of all types of feed to obtain 1 dollar of the cost of raw milk sold. Accordingly, for 1 dollar of the cost of fodder, enterprises produce and sell raw milk worth 2.41 dollars. It is essential to diversify milk sales channels with a partial focus on direct sales directly to the final consumer, taking into account the almost three-fold ratio between the level of retail and wholesale prices of milk sales. To increase the economic efficiency of the use of fodder in the dairy cattle industry of Ukraine, it is also necessary to implement a system of organizational and technological measures to improve the conditions of keeping, animal care, veterinary support, optimization of feeding rations, fodder storage conditions, implementation of cow productivity monitoring using specialized software.

The current status and prospects of growing plant-based food products in the present conditions of the Ukrainian agricultural sector

The agricultural sector in Ukraine plays a key role in the national economy, providing high-quality and sustainable food supply for the population. However, even with favourable natural and climatic conditions and extensive land area, the industry faces numerous challenges, such as war, economic instability, and loss of control over land resources. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of growing plant-based food products in Ukraine to identify key challenges and opportunities. To achieve this goal, the gross harvest, yield, and acreage of the main agricultural crops, the share of agricultural value added in the gross domestic product in Ukraine, and the value of agricultural exports to the European Union for the period 2015-2022 were analysed. The results show that sales volumes in agriculture increased by 75.9%, indicating a positive development of the industry. However, this positive development is accompanied by an increase in product prices, which can lead to inflationary pressures. The instability of the agricultural sector is confirmed by a sharp increase in the share of value added in 2021 and a decline in 2022. However, an important positive aspect is a significant increase in the yield and value of exports, which indicates the successful influence of the Ukrainian agricultural sector on international markets. The study shows that despite the existing challenges, the agricultural sector has demonstrated flexibility and adaptability, especially in the context of changes in acreage and crop production volumes. Measures aimed at introducing modern technologies, stimulating innovation, improving the level of education and developing export opportunities can become a catalyst for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The results obtained are necessary for the development of specific measures and strategies aimed at improving the situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and ensuring its sustainable development

Efficiency of Digestate from Biogas Plants for the Formation of Bio-Organic Technologies in Agriculture

The article examines the potential of digestate from biogas plants as a high-quality organic fertilizer that can ensure environmentally friendly development of the agro-industrial complex. The essence of the European Green Deal, the role of biogas production, and the use of digestate for achieving a climate neutral economy are considered. The purpose of the article was to analyze the potential of digestate production in Ukraine and to substantiate its role in Ukraine’s achievement of the goals set by the European Green Deal. The research was carried out according to dialectical and systemic approaches, using monographic, economic-statistical, index, and cartographic methods. The results showed that Ukraine needs further development of biogas production and an increase in digestate production to meet the demand of agricultural enterprises for organic fertilizers, as there is currently an urgent need to increase soil fertility. It was determined that, in addition to European integration processes and the implementation of “green” technologies, a driving force for the intensification of digestate use is the high cost of mineral fertilizers on the Ukrainian and world markets, as well as high efficacy of digestate as an organic fertilizer. The authors proposed and calculated the green agriculture index, which is based on the calculation of the ratio of the amount of active substance, the rate of mineral fertilizers, kg to the rate of application of organic fertilizers, t/ha. Its levels (intensive, growing, declining, extensive) were determined by the regions of Ukraine, and strategies for the use of digestate were developed depending on the level of the region’s greening. It was proven that the future of Ukrainian agriculture should be based on green agriculture and the active use of digestate as a fertilizer, which will help to produce environmentally friendly products, increase production volumes, and reduce the ecological burden on the environment. The use of digestate will help to achieve a reduction in the application of mineral fertilizers up to 25% by 2030 in accordance with the eco-goals of the European Green Deal.
 Keywords: digestate, bio-organic technologies, fertilizers, biogas

Mechanism of fruit and vegetable canning production development based on formation of cluster structures

The article is devoted to the formation of the structure of the organizational-economic mechanism for the development of fruit and vegetable canning production in Ukraine. It is determined that the main components of the organizational-economic regulation of activity and development of fruit and vegetable canning production are: regulation of the integrity of the development of enterprises; regulation of innovation and investment activities based on equity; regulation of financial activities; creation of conditions for the implementation of operational activities; conducting practical commercial activities; providing motivating and motivational social conditions; providing information and analytical assessment of the search and control of the use of enterprise resources. The conceptual foundations for creating a new organizational structure for developing fruit and vegetable canning production in Ukraine have been formed. A definition of a new type of cluster structure in the fruit and vegetable canning production system is given. This structure is an organic unity of production, investment, innovation, financial, sales, and other activities of enterprises, united by the chain-network (technological-functional) principle into an interconnected system of functional "fields": production of raw materials, procurement, and storage processing, and marketing. The creation of integrated fruit and vegetable canning structures of the cluster type will solve the problems of industry development through the operation of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the industry in the cluster system. The capabilities of the cluster allow to solve the following tasks: meeting the existing and future needs of consumers in quality food products; providing canning enterprises with high-quality raw materials of domestic origin; overcoming price disparity and optimizing the distribution of profits between the links of the technological chain; combining the financial capabilities of enterprises to solve development problems; ensuring guaranteed sales of products at an adequate price for agricultural producers; updating the technical and technological base of production; increasing the economic efficiency of the cluster's production, reducing costs, more precise identification and use of reserves of economic development; dissemination of corporate culture, new methods of work organization, raising collective consciousness, motivation of creative activity; increase in labor productivity; implementation of modern quality management systems; more complete and rational use of resources; solving the problem of staffing. Keywords: agrarian sector, fruit and vegetable canning production, organizational and economic mechanism, integrated structure, clustering, cluster formations.

Prospective assessments of the implementation of marketing tools in the sales activities of agribusiness enterprises

The article aims to reveal the specifics of the marketing activities of agrarian enterprises, considering marketing approaches to their management. Differences in the definitions of the terms «sales,» «sales activity,» «sales policy,» «sales activity management system,» and «sales activity management» were revealed. It has been established that «sales» and «sales activity» are interchangeable concepts. It has been proven that the marketing activity of agricultural enterprises has its own characteristics, which are primarily determined by the specifics of products, the sales market, and the state of production systems. It was noted that the implementation of the marketing policy of agricultural enterprises is negatively affected by several factors, most of which are related to the inherited problems of domestic agriculture, in particular, the underdevelopment of logistics, price disparity, and low quality of agricultural raw materials etc. Differences in the organization of agricultural production are also projected on enterprises' sales activities, particularly the architecture of their sales channels. It was established that, compared to 1991, the volume of crop production in Ukraine during 2014-2022 increased (except factory sugar beets), while livestock production decreased. Agricultural products' production and sale volumes during 2014...2021 did not undergo significant changes. In 2022, the production volume of the main types of agricultural products decreased, which relates to the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the rf into Ukraine. Prices for all main types of agricultural products in the studied period tend to increase. It was found that there is a conflict of interest between the value chain participants, primarily because each has their commercial interests, which are maximizing profits at the expense of minimizing costs. It is recommended that direct marketing methods using the potential of social networks and the Internet be implemented to ensure a high-income level for representatives of agrarian businesses. Keywords: sales, sales activity of agricultural enterprises, marketing tools, distribution channels, value chain.

Seed production system in Ukraine: Trends, challenges, and threats

The development of an effective seed production system in Ukraine is conditioned both by its key role in ensuring seed, food, and national security of the country and by the emergence of new challenges and threats that affect the functioning of the system and need to be countered to eliminate or mitigate their negative impact. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian seed production system and to identify new challenges and threats to national interests. The methodological framework of this study included the dialectical method of scientific cognition, which was used to establish the relationship between the object of study, which is the seed production system of Ukraine, and events and phenomena occurring in nature and society that have a substantial impact on the object of the study. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic generalisation, and comparative analysis were also used. The study analysed the conditions of functioning of the breeding and seed production system in Ukraine and identified current trends that characterise its internal state. The study identified challenges and threats to the national seed production system that pose a threat to the seed, food, and national security of Ukraine. The study analysed destructive processes in the functioning of the national seed production system, which can lead to its degradation and destruction. Measures to overcome the consequences of the negative factors in the system of breeding and seed production in Ukraine were substantiated. The study scientifically substantiated the principal criteria for the development of an effective national seed production system. The study provided a reasoning for the need for long-term investment in breeding activities and identified priority areas of state support for the seed production system in Ukraine. The conclusions, proposals, and practical recommendations are of practical importance and can be used in the development of relevant programmes and measures aimed at supporting the development of seed production, specifically, breeding activities in Ukraine, and ensuring fair remuneration to breeders who are the authors of new productive crop varieties

ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ГОМЕОСТАЗУ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ВІДТОРГНЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТІ

The presented study contains the author's vision of the main aspects and approaches to the possibility and expediency of regulating homeostasis of socio-economic rejection in the conditions of post-war economic instability and financial turbulence. The purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility of regulating homeostasis of socio-economic rejection in the context of systematization of modern provisions and concerns of leading financiers regarding the spread of financial recession trends. The methodological basis of the study was scientific publications and monographs, articles of journals and materials of scientific and practical conferences. The research content of scientific periodicals was used during the study; comparative critical analysis of existing approaches and methods of analysis of financial stability and tax burden; Statistical methods of analysis. The main hypothesis of the study was to assume the possibility of leveling socio-economic rejection at enterprises by introducing the latest financial and economic technologies of digital transformation and restoration of Ukraine's production potential. Presenting main material. It has been proven that the disturbing momentum of rejection occurs at the enterprise daily and every hour, namely: the need for education, science increases, differentiation in the income of employees increases, the level of competitiveness of the enterprise's products is changing, a new product or technology that produces at least two consequences is formed. In the first case, fluctuation is suppressed and a new balance arises, and all the indignation energy inside the enterprise is absorbed by the dynamics of the individual preferences of the enterprise. In the second case, fluctuation energy does not dissolve in new passions of individuals, but on the contrary, it remains and even increases, ensuring the formation of interest of the enterprise as such. Originality and practical importance. Categorization of socio-economic rejection, where substantiated, is a key tool for avoiding socio-economic rejection –– socio-dynamic multiplier of economic growth of an enterprise, which functions in the form of interaction of three components: social effect, employees' inclination to constructive and collective and collective work; A set of formal and informal institutions that ensure a combination of socio-economic effect with the tendency of employees to constructive actions. Conclusions and prospects for further research. To support the homeostasis of the enterprise, it is proposed to introduce a mechanism of homeostat, which is an appropriate complex of enterprise management systems, taking into account the capabilities and needs of employees, which includes an ensemble of signaling and regulatory systems of the enterprise, which are self-regulating, where management is only an element, not a supervisor. It is proposed to create an entity entity in the form of a set of long -term partnerships with all "interested parties" of the enterprise

Challenges and cooperation on the way of European integration in the sphere of customs affairs

The bylaws of national legislation adopted during martial law and their application in the context of improvement and harmonization with EU legislation and fulfillment of the terms of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of customs affairs are analyzed in the article. Attention is focused on strengthening of customs cooperation with the EU countries, as well as developing the administrative, personnel, information and technical potential of the Customs Service of Ukraine and the urgency of overcoming and simplifying of the customs procedures for the movement of goods across the customs border of Ukraine during martial law. Taking into account the cross-border nature of the activities of the customs authorities of the EU member states, attention is focused on the procedures of using of the international agreements during customs control and customs procedures. Certain problems of the law enforcement activities of customs bodies in interaction with other state bodies on three relevant areas of functioning, in particular customs rules, settlement of customs payments, customs services and formalities, are singled out.
 The peculiarities of law enforcement activity in the field of customs affairs are analyzed in detail, namely: its state-authority nature; implementation of law enforcement in a manner specifically provided for by legal norms on the basis of established procedures and in accordance with a clear procedural sequence. Certain areas of activity of state bodies for the restoration of Ukraine are considered, in particular, regarding the implementation of anti-corruption and institutional changes in the field of customs affairs. Considering the conditions of martial law, an attempt to delimit the powers of customs authorities and other state authorities in matters of customs affairs was made, and in the light of the activation of the processes of Ukraine’s accession to the EU, the possibilities of interaction with international partners in the field of ensuring the rights and freedoms of subjects of foreign economic activity were analyzed.
 The conclusion is drawn on need to involve the customs service in the development of the plan of measures for the recovery and development of Ukraine in order to simplify for business the conditions for moving (importing) technical means, equipment, and products necessary for the reconstruction and the export of Ukrainian products across the customs border. Bearing in mind the study of the EU experience and the determination of the possibilities of its using in Ukraine, the main directions for improving the interaction of customs authorities with public organizations and business associations in the conditions of war and the perspective of European integration are outlined.

Possibilities of landfills and solid waste sites for energy production in Ukraine

Dynamic changes in the energy sector towards the priority of renewable energy are stimulated by the political decisions in the European integrated environment aimed at achieving climate neutrality within the framework of the European Green Deal. The study aims to provide an in-depth investigation of the potential of landfills and solid waste sites for energy production in Ukraine. The study was conducted using general scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, and comparison. The study examined the issues of developing the bioenergy potential of solid waste sites in Ukraine, including organisational, regulatory, technological, financial and investment aspects. The position of various operations for bioenergy waste processing in the solid waste management system, in particular, anaerobic digestion and solid fuel production, was identified, and an analysis of several thermal waste processing technologies was carried out. Among the features and characteristic requirements for the biogas production process using anaerobic methodology, the aspects of technological availability and economic feasibility are highlighted. The study examines the experience of production and use of organic Refuse Derived Fuel and Solid Recovered Fuel produced from solid waste sites, proving the need to optimise the regulatory support for biogas production at solid waste sites storage sites in the national legislative field. The article emphasises the possibility of practical use of Refuse Derived Fuel and Solid Recovered Fuel, in a partial format, to offset the shortage of fossil fuels in Ukraine and actively implement the concept of a sustainable green course for rational waste management. The results obtained can be used to improve the optimisation of strategic programmes for solid waste management in terms of their bioenergy potential

Status and prospects of beef and veal production in Ukraine in the context of international economic integration

Beef production is driven by the need to ensure the country’s food security, meet the processing industry’s demand for raw materials, and increase state budget revenues from exports. The purpose of this study was to highlight the status and trends of production in the world and Ukraine, to identify issues and find areas of development considering international economic integration. The methods employed were analysis, synthesis, generalisation, specification, mathematical, and graphical. The study identified the upward trend in global beef and veal production, the main producing countries and the predominant stability of their share in global volumes over the decades. It was found that higher beef production does not always allow for higher per capita volumes (e.g., in China and India). Ukraine’s production and its share in global volumes are declining, although production exceeds consumption. It was found that the share of agricultural enterprises in the structure of economic entities is decreasing, and there is a direct dependence between their number and production volumes, which prevails in the Forest-Steppe zone. The largest producing regions (Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, Lviv) were highlighted, where priority development in the post-war period is expected. The study found the principal reasons for the decline in production, including a decrease in livestock numbers, negative profitability, and rising average consumer prices. Based on the SWOT analysis results, development prospects were identified and relevant proposals were developed. The reasons for the decrease in the number of cattle and beef were proposed to be distinguished as general, and those related to enterprises and household farms; their interdependence was emphasised. The study stressed the need for state support for producers by providing food aid to the population free of charge and by purchasing products at lower prices depending on their financial level. International economic integration was singled out as one of the key factors of increasing beef production. The study emphasised the need to consider the consumer preferences of the population of countries with which regional trade agreements have been concluded, specifically regarding the production of kosher and halal products. The findings of this study and the proposals provided can be used to develop government measures to increase beef production and increase its share in world exports

The Use of PGPB-based Bioformulations to Control Bacterial Diseases of Vegetable Crops in Ukraine

Ukraine is one of the largest producers of vegetable products in the world. The sustainable development of this industry in Ukraine is vital for the food security of many countries worldwide. Recently, farmers in Ukraine are facing the challenge of increasing the number and severity of bacterial diseases. This problem is getting particularly harsh in the production of vegetables. The changing climatic conditions in many regions contribute to the increase of the aggressiveness of bacterial pathogens. Ukraine is also experiencing the negative consequences of rising temperatures, changes in the amount and quality of precipitation, and stronger winds. These factors facilitate the changes of stable regions of the spread of bacterial pathogens. In Ukraine, they result in the emergence, successful acclimatization and spread of new bacterial pathogens of vegetable crops, in particular, Ralstonia solanacearum. The growing risk of bacterial diseases in vegetable production requires the development of new strategies to control their causative agents, which should, at the same time, meet the requirements of environmental safety. This paper is aimed to analyse the potential of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) based bioformulations to control bacterial diseases of vegetable crops in Ukraine. Farmers in Ukraine, who are engaged in growing vegetables, feel lack of biocontrol compositions against the causative agents of bacterial diseases because the range of biocontrol agents with antibacterial activity approved for use in the country is limited. The most commonly used plant protection products in Ukraine are represented by the preparations based on bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Most of such products on the market are those developed and manufactured in Ukraine. Under given circumstances, the use of inoculants based on PGPB to control bacterial diseases of vegetable crops in Ukraine, as well as globally, seems very promising. Such biocontrol agents prevent contamination of plants with phytopathogens by inducing acquired systemic resistance and stimulating their growth and better productivity. Seed inoculation is a promising way of using PGPB in crop production. The market of bioformulations for vegetable farming in Ukraine is represented by products with a limited shelf life. It still experiences a shortage of up-to-date preparation forms that would ensure the long-term viability of PGPB and a prolonged activity of the compositions based on them. Thus, the development and introduction of encapsulated PGPB nanopreparations may contribute to solving the problem of biological control of pathogens of bacterial diseases of vegetable crops in Ukraine.

FISH FARMING IS A PROMISING BRANCH OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF THE EARTH'S POPULATION

Based on marketing research, it has been proven that aquaculture is one of the fastest growing branches of food production in the world. The main method of increasing fish productivity in ponds is fish feeding, which is an objective reality with high intensification of fish farming. With the intensification of production processes, the role of feeding is constantly increasing, and the cost of feeding in the cost price of fish is about 40% and has an upward trend. In this connection, the problem of rational feed use becomes extremely important. It is justified that the use of high-quality feed and feed additives in the diet of fattening animals significantly increases the productivity and profitability of the operation of livestock, poultry, and fish farms. 160 factories are engaged in the compound feeds production in Ukraine, the production capacity of which is 7.5 million tons per year. The specified indicator should be realistically increased to 15 million tons of finished products per year. It is established that we will need to produce 60 percent more food by 2050 to feed the world's 9.3 billion people according to estimates compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, animal protein production is expected to increase with this increase. According to IFIF estimates, the world production of compound feeds has reached more than 1 billion tons per year. Top 10 countries in world compound feed production in 2021–2022 are presented (according to Alltech Agri-Food Outlook 2023). The structure of compound feeds production by types of agricultural animals and poultry in the world in 2022 is summarized. It is proved that the production of fish compound feeds continues to grow in all the world regions. In the world (as well as in Ukraine), fishing and aquaculture play and will play a significant role in the coming centuries in ensuring the food security of the global population. It is necessary to make changes in policy, management, stimulate innovation and investment to the industry to ensure the food security of the planet through fisheries and aquaculture. It is established that the world volume of aquatic bioresources production is constantly growing and in 2022 reached the value of 176 million t/year. More than 150 million tons of aquatic biological resources were used for human consumption. In the conditions of the formation of market relations, against the background of significant costs for feed, feeding fish should be based on careful calculations, the logical conclusion of which should be economic expediency. On the basis of the marketing research of the situation on the market of feed supplements, a shortage of protein vitamin supplements and complete feeds for domestically produced fish was revealed. The restraining factors for the use of foreign supplements are their cost and interruptions in supply.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА НАПРЯМКИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЛОГІСТИКИ ОЛІЙНИХ КУЛЬТУР УКРАЇНИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ

Since the middle of 2020, global prices for oilseeds and grain crops have started to rise as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.Russia's unprovoked and unjustified aggression against Ukraine increased prices even more.Due to the war, Ukraine, one of the leading exporters of agricultural products, experienced exports significant decrease, by almost 30 %.At the current stage, the production and export of oil crops is not only the basis for the development of the economy of Ukraine, but also ensures and maintains global food security at an appropriate level. Provided that a full-scale russian invasion continues beyond 2024, the global food crisis will worsen, challenging many countries, especially those that rely on food imports, namely the Middle East and North Africa.Coupled with rising energy costs, developing countries have been pushed to the brink of debt default more and more people are on the brink of starvation.On July 22, 2022, the United Nations, Turkey and Ukraine agreed on the Black Sea Grain Initiative.The agreement allowed the resumption of exports from Ukraine of grain, other food products and fertilizers through a safe maritime humanitarian corridor from three key Ukrainian ports: Chornomorsk, Odesa and Pivdennyi, to the rest of the world.The aim of the paper is to study the problems of the oil crops’ logistics in Ukraine at the current stage and to determine the main directions for its improvement. The paper deals with the dynamics of sunflower production and productivity in Ukraine, analyzes the current state and dynamics of the export of oil crops.Special attention was paid to the import dependence of some countries of the world on Ukrainian oil.The impact of the Black Sea Grain Initiative on global oilseed export logistics is determined. Directions for improving the logistics of oilseed crops in Ukraine through the reorientation of the main export routes to the river ports of the Danube are proposed.Measures have been determined to increase cargo transshipment capacity and increase the draft of ships on certain sections of the Danube route, which will enable Ukrainian exporters of oilseeds to work with a sufficient level of profit.Keywords: export logistics, export of oil crops, Black Sea grain initiative, Danube river ports.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ВИНОГРАДАРСЬКО-ВИНОРОБНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ АПК УКРАЇНИ

Viticulture and winemaking are important components of Ukraine's agricultural sector, contributing to economic development and job creation in rural areas. The industry has significant export potential, which contributes to foreign exchange earnings and supports the domestic market. In the context of Ukraine's European integration, there is a need to adapt these sectors to European standards to increase their international competitiveness. The article is aimed at identifying and analysing trends in the development of the viticulture and wine industry as a component of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, as well as finding ways to improve it. The author analyses the dynamics of grape production, wine production and consumption in Ukraine in 2000-2022, and the structure of wine production in Ukraine in 2021-2023. The author identifies the problems of viticulture and winemaking in the context of Ukraine's European integration vector and the challenges of the post-war recovery of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex. The analysis of trends has shown that the viticulture and winemaking industry in Ukraine has not been properly developed and has not fully realised the existing potential of fertile and favourable for viticulture lands, as well as the technological potential of processing enterprises. It is substantiated that in the context of European integration, domestic producers have to compete with European ones, which necessitates strategic management of the development of Ukrainian viticulture and winemaking on the basis of innovations. This will help bring the industry's development indicators closer to global standards and European best practices. The digitalisation of production processes, the use of innovative technologies and global integration open up new opportunities and challenges for this industry. It is proved that the further development of viticulture should be based on innovative approaches, which will ensure the sustainable development of the industry and its integration into the European market. The scientific novelty of the study is to deepen the theoretical and practical foundations for assessing trends and critical evaluation of the problems of development of the viticulture and wine industry in Ukraine.

Exo- and endogenous factors of the development of organic production in ukraine

The article examines the restraining factors of the development of organic production in Ukraine. Two blocks of the main restraining factors that negatively affect the development and implementation of organic production are defined and summarized. Among the exogenous factors, the full-scale invasion of the aggressor country into Ukraine, as well as the price of organic products on the international market, are singled out. Endogenous restraining factors include legal, socio-economic, environmental, material and technical factors, as well as the irregularity of the lease model. It was determined that at the moment there is no clearly formed system of certification, standardization and labeling of organic products in Ukraine, but there are a number of legal acts, the norms of which create the basis for the development of the organic sphere. The legal, socio-economic, ecological and material-technical problems that restrain the development of organic production in Ukraine are identified and analyzed. It was determined that the existing system of land relations is built on the basis of a lease, and the production of organic products under lease conditions is risky, since a short-term lease contract is economically unprofitable for organic producers, because it is more aimed at the personal economic benefit of the owner of the land plot than the interest of the tenant in a good harvest. Another endogenous factor that restrains the development of organic farming in Ukraine is the manner in which the suitability of land plots for the production of organic products is established.

ВИРОБНИЦТВО ПРОДУКЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ

This article is devoted to the analysis of crop production in Ukraine. The article discusses the current state of crop production in Ukraine, analyzes the main trends and factors infl uencing the development of this industry. An assessment of the current production of key crops is carried out. Particular attention is paid to innovative technologies and their impact on increasing yields and product quality. It examines the challenges faced by the industry, including economic, environmental, and social aspects, and suggests possible solutions. The promising directions of increasing the production of crop production in Ukraine are considered. The carried out studies have shown that the production of crop products in Ukraine has a negative dynamics, the factors infl uencing the decrease in yields have been investigated. The growing role of the production of organic products is positive in Ukrainian agriculture. It should be noted the signifi cant dependence of agricultural enterprises on the infl uence of tax, credit, price and fi nancial factors of the macro environment. It is indicated that due to its huge potential, agriculture continues to be a key sector for investment. It was emphasized that Ukrainian agrotechnical companies are developing modern solutions aimed at improving traditional methods of farming and introducing the latest means for organic production. It is noted that at present, there are already new methods of work in agriculture, which involve digital and technological innovations that increase its effi ciency. It is indicated that the state fi nancial support of the agricultural industry is characterized by contradictory trends, and its volumes are insuffi cient and do not take into account the realities of the development of the industry. It was concluded that the signifi cant potential for the development of crop production lies in the combination of agricultural producers of Ukraine and the EU in production chains and sales channels. This will increase the productivity of the industry through the transfer of advanced EU technologies and practices, increase the scale of activities in the production and processing of agricultural products, and improve access to world markets.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE

The article considers the study of the theoretical foundations, implementation and prospects of innovative technologies in the market of agricultural products in Ukraine. The intensity of the development of digital trade in terms of volume and scale due to the introduction of artificial intelligence, which has the potential for the digital transformation of trade by significantly reducing geographical barriers, has been established. It is certain that a significant impetus to the development of innovations in trade in Ukraine, as well as in other countries of the world, was given by crisis events, namely, the pandemic, then military actions. In crisis conditions, digital technologies in trade have a significant advantage over traditional ones, because they allow the consumer to order goods without putting their life at risk. We studied the sector of domestic trade in agricultural products for the use of advanced technologies. The purpose of the work was to highlight the trends in the development of advanced technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine, to determine the influence of factors that shape the market and consumer trends on the innovative development of trading platforms, innovative challenges in the field of trade in agricultural products. Innovations in the trade of economically developed countries of the world and Ukraine are considered, in particular, the most developed and promising ones are highlighted. The main aspects of the state and trends of trade development in Ukraine are characterized. The analysis of statistical information and research has established the dominance of large business enterprises, although the trend of positive innovative movement of medium-sized businesses can be traced. It has been determined that in recent years, import operations significantly outweigh export operations, this is especially noticeable from the analysis of the results of 2022. The comparative analysis of indicators of the activity of trading enterprises in Ukraine for 2020-2023 using the example of the index of the physical turnover of retail trade proved its fluctuations depending on the crisis phenomena in the country. In particular, the export of goods decreased by 26.1%, and the import increased by 11.2%, which resulted in a negative balance. The largest share of trade during the studied periods was with EU countries, in 2023 it increased to 56%, while the share of exports decreased by 10%. Since the beginning of active hostilities, the country’s economic activity shows signs of stabilization, but this trend will depend on foreign economic relations with partner countries. It has been proven that the leading trend in the development of progressive technologies in the trade of agricultural products in Ukraine is the increase in the confidence of buyers in purchasing via the Internet. Furthermore, a critical element of digital commerce is an effective cybersecurity management plan that balances technology, geopolitical relations, government capacity; supports market reputation, and public-private cooperation.

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the problems of forming an effective mechanism of state regulation of the greening of agricultural production in Ukraine in accordance with global trends in the greening of public production and wartime problems in the country. The indicator of the degree of environmental friendliness of production is the main indicator of the degree of development of the corresponding modern economy, as well as the degree of safety of each country for people to live in it. The agricultural sector is the basic industry that forms the conditions for the development of the social economy and provides the population with the basic needs of food and clothing, therefore it requires a high degree of environmentalization in the first place. Unfortunately, the current market principles of management in Ukraine often place current benefits above the interests of future generations, which negatively affects public health. Accordingly, the task of effective long-term state regulation is the combination in the system of activity of the national economy, primarily the agricultural sector, the tasks of increasing environmentalization and economic benefit, creating socially useful, healthy food production as the basis of national security. In the peacetime state regulation of ensuring the ecological focus of agricultural production in Ukraine was focused on diversifying the ways of increasing the pace of production of ecologically clean products, the use of environmentally safe and energy-saving technologies in agriculture, the wide implementation of innovative developments capable of minimizing the negative impact of production and processing of products on the environment. The full-scale military invasion that began on February 24, 2022, crossed out all strategies for promoting the development of the ecological economy of Ukraine. Since the beginning of the war, our country has faced significant consequences of hostilities, which caused not only direct destruction, large-scale loss of life and economic losses, but also had an extremely negative impact on the ecological situation. The article outlines the necessary tasks of modern state regulation of the ecological situation in the region, its focus on the restoration of the natural environment and the return to world standards of the natural environment after the end of the war.