Productivity Of Plantations Research Articles

Pelatihan Budidaya Ikan Lele Kolam Terpal Di Kecamatan Seberang Musi Kabupaten Kepahiang

Seberang Musi sub-district launched a food security program through catfish farming using tarpaulins in 2020. This is one way for the sub-district government to socialize household-scale fish farming, especially catfish commodities, so that people get additional income benefits by utilizing the yard around the house. The problems that exist in the residents of Talang Babatan Village and Benuang Galing Village are the lack of technical skills in fish farming, because both villages are villages that produce plantation products. Therefore, the service team was invited to provide training in an effort to succeed the village development program. In addition to being an effort to alleviate poverty in rural communities, and accelerate poverty alleviation programs in rural areas. The purpose of this activity is to provide training in catfish farming in tarpaulin ponds as well as a medium for disseminating knowledge and transferring technology through community service activities. The methods used were: 1. counseling to participants about catfish farming in tarpaulin ponds; 2. demonstration of methods and practices by giving examples of how to assemble tarpaulins as maintenance containers and how to handle fish directly to participants; 3. evaluation. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The purpose of the evaluation was to assess the response of participants in the transfer of knowledge and skills. This was done by assessing the results of the initial and final questionnaires filled out by the participants. The results of the questionnaire showed that there was an increase in participants' knowledge by 12.5% with a minimum value in the pre-test of 37.5 and a maximum value of 87.5 while the minimum value in the post-test was 50.0 and a maximum value of 87.5.

Review of Climate Change's Impacts on Tea Quality


 
 
 Subsequent to water, tea is the most consumed beverage worldwide. Tea could be identified as one of the oldest drinks prevailing since prehistorical era. This article's objective is to expedite that there is any significant impact on the major four aspects of Tea namely quality—aroma, taste, color, and yield with climate change. While observing on how climate patterns affect the Tea yield and quality, Tea farmers who has long cultural traditions of managing tea plantations are among the most knowledgeable people according to the literature review. Warmer temperatures, increased weather unpredictability such as higher rain variability, and altered plant phenology, such as earlier bud burst, are just a few of the reported alterations. These tea growers assert that such weather variations directly affect commercial tea gardens. An early tea harvest is linked to higher temperatures. Extreme droughts, which are thought to have become more common recently, are associated with drier tea leaves with less blossoming. It is also said that tea harvested during a drought has a substantially stronger flavor and scent. Farmers report that tea harvested during exceptionally rainy periods has lovely leaves and increased blooming but a relatively watered-down flavor and scent. The drought this spring has benefited tea production since consumers enjoy the robust aroma and sticky-sweet aftertaste of the beverage. In the absence of any other changes, a rise in average temperatures imposed on by global warming will lessen the production of tea plantations. Climate change will have a higher impact on tea yield than any other tea characteristics, such as aroma, taste, or color. In addition to immediate benefits such research studies, actions to lessen the vulnerability of tea plantations to heat and precipitation variability will also aid in climate change adaptation.
 Keywords: Climate Change, Aroma, Color, Taste, Yield
 
 

Potentiality of Pressmud Application in Soil for Palm Oil Plantation Productivity

The agricultural sector in Malaysia is predominantly comprised of the oil palm and sugar refinery industries. Approximately 50% of the materials generated during palm oil and sugar production would result in organic waste that contains a high content of lignin and cellulose. Waste generated from the sugarcane industry can be used as a resource of another, bringing economic and environmental benefits. This study aims to provide useful insights into using sugarcane waste to enhance the sustainability of the agriculture industry in Malaysia, specifically palm oil plantations. It can also enhance the green knowledge in soil technology for a sustainable agriculture industry in this country. Based on the physico-chemical characteristics examined in this study, pressmud evidently emerges as a promising material with significant potential to serve as an admixture medium in soil for palm oil plantations, leading to a reduction in the application of chemical fertilizer. This waste material displayed a coarse texture, compared to the less coarse texture of the laterite soil. Its texture and surface of the object exhibited irregularities and were covered with pores. Incorporating pressmud into the soil has improved its capability to adsorb nutrients by facilitating the cation exchange process. The efficacy of the laterite soil-press mud mixture as a soil amendment in palm oil plantations can be determined through its Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), a key indicator of its ability to improve soil performance and enhance production.

Analysis of Local Regional Potential Empowerment as a Learning Resource in the Project for Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students (P5)

<em>This research focuses on empowering local regional potential as a source of P5 learning in elementary schools. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques, in-depth interviews with informants using snowball sampling, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by applying a descriptive qualitative interactive model approach through the steps of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the planning stages carried out in empowering local regional potential as a P5 learning resource are choosing a theme, choosing a coordinator, forming a team, determining a supervisory team, determining a topic, determining implementation time, and developing modules. Implementation of the use of local regional potential as a P5 learning resource is carried out in the form of Cultural Saturday programs and market days which display products from local agricultural and plantation products. Evaluation of the empowerment of local potential as a P5 learning resource pays attention to input and process aspects that focus on daily assessments and periodic assessments to obtain responses from teachers and students, and determine follow-up plans.</em>

Evaluation of the Agro-technological and Health Characteristics of Sugar Cane Varieties (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Rainfall Conditions

Sugar cane Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae) is an important industrial crop in the Ivory Coast. Cane production involves two types of culture. The irrigated cultivation of sugar cane which is that practiced by industrialists and the cultivation in rainy conditions which is that of village producers The study aimed to improve agricultural productivity in village sugar cane plantations by selecting varieties adapted to rain conditions. The trials carried out at the CNRA research station in Ferké (north of the Ivory Coast) in experimental plots were arranged in complete randomized blocks with 7 varieties, including two controls, repeated 6 times. These experiments were carried out on two consecutive harvest cycles, a virgin and a regrowth, with cane yield, extractable sugar content and tolerance to bio-aggressors as the main selection criteria. The varieties Co 997, M 1176/77 and M 2238/89 were found to be significantly superior to controls R 570 and SP 711406. As for the variety KnH 80412, it appeared equivalent to the best control R 570. Among these 5 varieties tested under rainy conditions, the most productive was Co 997 with 60.5 t of cane / ha after 2 consecutive harvest cycles since the new plantation. These best varieties Co 997, M 1176/77 and M 2238/89 are drought tolerant and can therefore replace obsolete varieties that have become too sensitive to the major enemies of sugar cane in village cultivation in the Ferkessédougou region.

Productivity of Clonal Teak Plantation Under Different Spacing and Thinning Intensity in Java Monsoon Forest

Intensive silviculture plays a crucial role in selecting superior clones with high productivity. The use of superior clones needs to be accompanied by appropriate environmental conditions. The arrangement of growing space is one way for teak clones to grow optimally and produce quality wood products. It can choose initial spacing in the early growth phase and thinning intensity in the later growth phase. This study aims to assess and determine the growth of superior teak clones with different thinning intensities at different planting distances to optimize the growing space. Optimizing growth space also has the potential for intercropping under the stand to produce more diverse products. The research design was a Split-plot design with three blocks as replications. The main plots had four spacings, including 3 m x 3 m, 6 m x 2 m, 8 m x 2 m, and 10 m x 2 m. Subplots were thinning intensity, including 0% thinning (control), 25% thinning (moderate thinning), and 50% thinning (heavy thinning). The results showed that spacing could significantly affect diameter growth. Silvicultural thinning showed significant differences in diameter growth, CADI, height, and volume per hectare. The diameter growth showed higher growth at larger spacing and higher thinning intensity, while the volume per hectare was low. The tree height parameter increased with the thinning intensity. The CADI after two years of thinning increased by 14–42% at 25% thinning intensity and increased by about 35–48% at 50% thinning intensity compared to no thinning at each spacing. Meanwhile, the volume per hectare was lower at wider spacing and decreased at a high thinning intensity. These results indicate an increase in spacing, and thinning accelerates diameter growth and provides better-growing space for intercrops.

EFFECT OF TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT ON THE EMPLOYER SETTING IN PTPN III MEDAN

This study was conducted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Medan, a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) Holding Plantation that is involved in the management, processing and marketing of plantation products. Crops include oil palm, rubber, sugarcane, tea, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, various timbers, fruits and many other crops. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of training, development and placement on orca performance on PT. Nusantara III Medan plantations, either partially or simultaneously. The method used in this work is a quantitative research method. The sample size of this study is 62 employees. As well as data collection through interview, observation and documentary research methods, i.e., primary and secondary documents. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression, while hypothesis testing tools are performed using f-tests, t-tests, and determinant tests. The results of the study are not known; if the results of this study produce equations, it is difficult to see that the variables of education, development and placement have a significant impact on the performance of PT workers. Nusantara Plantation. Here, partial test results for training and development variables are poorly known, and there may be other variables that may play a role in addition to training and development, such as Ork performance evaluation, motivation, selection, etc. This study is not known, after conducting the test method, whether Ho failed and Ha passed, which means that training, development and placement affect the performance of employees in PTPN III Medan.

Increasing stand age increases N deficiency but alleviates relative P limitations in Castanopsis hystrix plantations in Southern China

AbstractForest productivity usually declines with the increase in the age of stand, which may be associated with the disturbance in the balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients. However, the effects of stand age on plantation nutrient balance and productivity in plantation is still unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the influence of the increase in the age of stand (6‐, 10‐, 15‐, 25‐, 30‐, and 34‐year‐old stands) on plant growth and the dynamics of N and P in Castanopsis hystrix plantations of Southern China. The increase in the age of stand reduced plantation productivity and leaf N:P. Moreover, productivity was found to be positively correlated with leaf N:P, reflecting that the decrease in productivity was related to changes in N and P contents in leaves. Reduction in leaf N:P was associated with declining N content and stable P content in leaves. The decrease in leaf N content may be due to the declining –N and microbial biomass N contents in soil, although activities of N‐acetylglucosaminidase, cellobiohydrolase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased with the increase in stand age. The stability of leaf P content may be associated with the increase in soil total P and microbial biomass P, boosting P supply to plants. In contrast, decreased soil phosphatase activity with the increase in the age of stand likely suggests that no additional P was needed through P mineralization. The findings indicate that increasing stand age would improve N consumption but alleviate relative P limitations. Thus, more attention needs to be paid to N fertilizer management (e.g., 10–15‐year stages) to sustain C. hystrix productivity with stand age.

Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices

Abstract. Conventional management of oil palm plantations, involving high fertilization rate and herbicide application, results in high yield but with large soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to assess a practical alternative to conventional management, namely reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding, to decrease soil GHG emissions without sacrificing production. We established a full factorial experiment with two fertilization rates (conventional and reduced fertilization, equal to nutrients exported via fruit harvest) and two weeding methods (herbicide and mechanical), each with four replicate plots, since 2016 in a ≥ 15-year-old, large-scale oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes were measured during 2019–2020, and yield was measured during 2017–2020. Fresh fruit yield (30 ± 1 Mgha-1yr-1) and soil GHG fluxes did not differ among treatments (P≥ 0.11), implying legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment. Annual soil GHG fluxes were 5.5 ± 0.2 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1, 3.6 ± 0.7 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1, and −1.5 ± 0.1 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1 across treatments. The palm circle, where fertilizers are commonly applied, covered 18 % of the plantation area but accounted for 79 % of soil N2O emission. The net primary production of this oil palm plantation was 17 150 ± 260 kgCha-1yr-1, but 62 % of this was removed by fruit harvest. The global warming potential of this planation was 3010 ± 750 kgCO2eqha-1yr-1, of which 55 % was contributed by soil N2O emission and only < 2 % offset by the soil CH4 sink.

ИТОГИ НАУЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ АНАПСКОЙ ЗОНАЛЬНОЙ ОПЫТНОЙ СТАНЦИИ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ – ФИЛИАЛА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО НАУЧНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ «СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЦЕНТР САДОВОДСТВА, ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА, ВИНОДЕЛИЯ» ЗА 2023 ГОД

The article summarizes the main results of scientific research conducted by scientists of Anapa ZESV&W – branch of FSBSI NCFSCGVW in 2023 in the performance of the State task, aimed at the search, mobilisation, conservation, study and replenishment of gene resources of grapes, development of a method of analysis of vegetation indices of ampelocenoses according to long-term satellite data and obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of growing grapes, as well as technological methods of wine production on changes in the biochemical composition of grapes. The researches were carried out in plantations of the center of collective use Anapa ampelographic collection and production plantations of grapes of Krasnodar region by generally accepted and adapted methods. As a result of fulfilment of the thematic plan, 7 completed developments of fundamental and 4 of priority-applied importance were obtained, including: 5 sources of breeding-valuable traits, 2 elite forms, 1 standard operating procedure for growing hybrid grape seedlings (SOP 00668034-005-2023), 1 database (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application № 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 computer programme (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application №2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 technological instruction (Technology of production of wine and wine in bulk (wine material) dry white «Barkhatnyi Muscat» (TI 11.02.12-185-00668034-2023). 2 patents have been obtained based on the results of research. In general, the scientific institution maintains 21 objects of intellectual property, 14 of them – for varieties. The benchmark for fulfilment of the R&D plan on publication activity according to the state assignment for 2023 was a publication score of 7.0. The actual implementation was 11.6 points. The total number of published papers is 24, 11 of which were included in the RSCI core.

Sistem Bagi Hasil Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Di Desa Sekutur Jaya Kecamatan Serai Serumpun Kabupaten Tebo

One of the systems for cultivating oil palm plantations used by residents in Allied Jaya is the profit sharing system (musaqah). For farmers who do not have garden land, they work to manage the gardens of other farmers who have land. All costs in terms of cultivating the land are borne by the land owner. Apart from that, the custom of the people of Aller Jaya Village in carrying out cooperation in sharing plantation products is not to set a time limit, not to write down a written agreement, and there are no witnesses in its implementation. The provisions in muamalah fiqh state that every time an agreement is made, a time limit must be set and it should be written down to avoid disputes between the two parties. However, this cannot be separated from the knowledge and understanding of the people of Aller Jaya Village. The aim of this research is to find out how the oil palm plantation profit sharing system affects the welfare of the community in the village of Allyr Jaya from an Islamic economic perspective. Checking the validity of the data using Triangulation techniques and data collection methods using observation, interviews and documentation. The informants for this research are land owners and land cultivators. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the existence of this profit sharing cooperation has an impact on the welfare of the community in terms of material needs, increasing income so that daily needs are met. However, not only material needs can be met, spiritual needs can also be met. However, the oil palm plantation profit sharing system in Allyr Jaya Village is not fully in accordance with Islamic economics in the musaqah agreement.

Physicochemical Soil Analysis of Rejuvenated Cocoa Plantation Farms in Obaagun Area of Osun State

Theobroma cacao, which is also known as cacao tree is an important commercial plantation crop of the world used in the production of a variety of products such as cocoa powder, chocolate products, beverages, butter, biscuits, wine, soap, cream, cocoa bread, livestock feeds among others. This study evaluated the soil quality of rejuvenated cocoa plantation farms in Obagun area of Osun state, it compares the soil qualities and properties of these cocoa plantations and determine if the soils in the area are well suitable for cocoa cultivation. Twenty-four (24) soil samples each were collected from 2 cocoa plantations (A and B) of similar ages and agricultural practices. The samples were collected from the depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm from the two sites respectively. The physical properties were analyzed to know the percentage of sand, clay and silt. The chemical properties were analyzed for particle sizes, pH, hydrogen, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the heavy metals were also analyzed for zinc, iron, manganese, copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, and cobalt. When analyzing the physical properties of the two sites, it was observed that silt as the highest percentage of soil particles with 79.72% on site B at a depth of 0-15cm and clay as the lowest percentage of soil particles of 6.58% at a depth of 0-15cm on site B. Analyzing the chemical properties on both sites, it was observed that base saturation as the highest percentage with a value of 96.94% on site B at a depth 0-15cm and Hydrogen as the lowest percentage of 0.10 on site B at a depth of 15-30cm. The presence of heavy metal was also evaluated, it was observed that zinc as the highest value of 0.93mgkg-1 on site A at a depth of 0-15cm and both copper and chromium are absent on site A at a depth of 15-30 cm. The long-term residence of the cocoa plantation on the soil resulted in the decline of micronutrients in the soil. There is need for the soil nutrients to be replenished to ensure continued good production of the cocoa plantation.

Mating System Analysis and Genetic Diversity of Parkia multijuga Benth. One Native Tree Species of the Amazon

The Amazonian native tree species Parkia multijuga has potential silvicultural characteristics that can be utilized to productive plantations. Understanding its mating system is necessary to delineate the methods for the breeding of the species, the collection of seeds for conservation, and the use of seedlings for production plantations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mating system and population genetic diversity of P. multijuga, using molecular markers. The DNA of 221 plants was extracted and genotyped with nine microsatellite loci using capillary electrophoresis in an automated DNA sequencer. The estimates for single and multilocus crossing rates were 0.998 and 1.0, respectively. The paternity correlation was low (r^p(m) = 0.307). The fixation index (f) showed values below zero, indicating an excess of heterozygotes. The cluster number K = 2 shows a better grouping among families for genetic structure. P. multijuga families consist mainly of half-sibs, and the reproductive strategy of the species is allogamy.

EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS AND WATER ALTERNATING GAS (WAG) CO2 INJECTION ON X FIELD RECOVERY FACTOR

Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. The wealth of Indonesia's natural resources is not only limited to agricultural and plantation products, but also from mineral and hydrocarbon mining or oil and gas. Indonesia's oil production has continued to decline in the last 10 years until the national consumption rate is much higher than national production. One of the causes of the decline in oil production in Indonesia is the condition of Indonesia's oil fields, which are currently mature fields. To overcome the problem of old fields that still have economic oil reserves, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can be used. One of the EOR methods that can be used is the CO2 injection method using continuous and WAG injection schemes. The study was conducted in X field with oil-wet carbonate rock composition with waterdrive and fluid expansion driving mechanism. The basecase production scheme using 5 production wells produces a recovery factor of 34.3%, while continuous CO2 injection produces a recovery factor of 32%, and CO2-WAG produces a recovery factor of 42%. Continuous CO2 injection has the lowest recovery factor because early gas breaktrough occurs due to a large mobility ratio and causes gas fingering, hindering the oil production process. The most suitable injection method is CO2-WAG 1 cycle using a 1:1 ratio, CO2 injection volume of 6.661 MSCF/D, injection water volume of 37.4 MBBL/D with a recovery factor of 43.46%.

Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

BackgroundStone pine (Pinus pinea), a drought-resistant species, has significant socio-economic benefits and increasing interest for the establishment of productive plantations in several countries, especially in a climate change context. Monitoring hourly stem diameter variations contributes to the understanding of the tree-growth response to changes in environmental conditions and management. By monitoring the diameter expansion of tree stems, high-resolution band dendrometers were used to study the development of adult trees growing in a semi-arid coastal environment of central Chile under fertilized and non-fertilized soil conditions through the span of a year.ResultsShort cycles (< 21 h) were few in fertilized and non-fertilized trees (6 and 4, respectively), whereas long cycles (> 28 h) occurred at a higher frequency in fertilized trees (16 vs 6). Most of the circadian cycles were regular (24 ± 3 h). The longest cycle duration (59 h) was observed in fertilized trees during spring. In all seasons, each phase of the circadian cycle, especially during the stem diameter increment phase (P3, irreversible growth), started earlier in fertilized than in control trees. P3 duration was significantly longer in fertilized than in control trees in springtime. The maximum shrinkage (P1) was observed in summer for both treatments. Stem diameter increased faster in fertilized than in control trees throughout the year, with the highest accumulation occurring in spring and the lowest in autumn. The daily variability pattern showed lower growth under high temperature across seasons.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of fertilization in enhancing stone pine diameter growth. This cultural practice should be further explored to contribute to the mitigation of climate change effects in semi-arid environments.

Profile and Development Agroindustry Strategy at Bone Regency

Over the past five years (2017-2021) the economic structure of Bone Regency has been dominated by 4 (four) business field category, namely agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the processing industry with a percentage of 48% of businesses (agriculture, forestry and fisheries) and 6.88% of the processing industry. To continue to spur the growth of the economic sector, especially after the pandemic, agroindustry development is the main choice. The purpose of this research is to build an agroindustry profile based on strong, medium, and weak criteria and develop an agroindustry development strategy according to the profile that has been built so that it can be useful as a source of information as well as a reference for relevant stakeholders. The categorisation of strong, medium and weak agroindustry is based on the analysis of industrial data obtained from both government and stakeholders complemented by literature study while for strategy formulation using SWOT analysis. The categorisation results place the agroindustry of forest products and livestock products into the category of weak agroindustry, agroindustry of horticultural and secondary crops and plantation products into the category of moderate agroindustry and for the category of strong agroindustry are Cereal Products and Fishery Products.

РАСЧЕТ ЗАПАСА УГЛЕРОДА В БИОМАССЕ ДРЕВОСТОЕВ ЗАЩИТНЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ ПО ГРУППАМ ВОЗРАСТА ПРЕОБЛАДАЮЩИХ ПОРОД

Increasing the productivity and efficiency of protective forest plantations, taking into account their impact on solving the carbon neutrality of regions, is an urgent problem of modern agroforestry science. Based on the importance of solving the problem of reducing the volume of carbon dioxide, the purpose of the research is to assess the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide in protective forest plantations (HLN) in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga upland. The paper uses methods for calculating the regional estimate of the carbon budget. The formation of a functionally targeted "carbon fiber" system of WLD facilities is carried out using a systematic priority-target method based on the basic forestry classification of protective forest plantations by age groups and breed composition. The distribution of protective forest stands by age group and breed composition made it possible to calculate the carbon reserve in the biomass of stands of protective forest stands. The calculation of the biomass of stands of coniferous and hardwoods made it possible to identify and establish for each age group the potential ability to effectively deposit carbon in the soil. Based on the carbon reserves established for each age structure and rock composition in the biomass pool of coniferous and hard-leaved stands by soil and climatic subdistricts, it becomes possible to regulate the carbon balance at the level of a separate region, a separate forestry enterprise. Taking into account the agroecological conditions of the sites – objects of protective afforestation, their main purpose, it is possible to use ZLN to include them in the long-term target "carbon" system of the region, with the development of measures for the regime of their use and increase their protective functions.. The accumulation of biomass of stands of different age groups depends on the soil and climatic disparity of slopes of different exposures and different agro-climatic subdistricts. Losses of carbon reserves in pools of protective forest plantations due to external influences as a result of economic activity or lack of care for these plantations reduce their protective effectiveness and productivity. Carbon reserves in the biomass of a stand of coniferous and hardwoods depend on their age structure.

Морфологические характеристики растений-регенерантов малины при хемотерапии от Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in vitro

Field and micropropagated plants were tested for the presence of RBDV by DAS-ELISA and PCR. For in vitro therapy, plants with a proven absence of ArMV, ApMV, RpRSV, TBRV, TomRSV, SLRV, CMV, TRSV and infected with Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) were selected.Virazole and salicylic acid at concentrations of 30, 50 and 70 mg/l were used as antiviral preparation.Low phytotoxicity of salicylic acid and high phytotoxicity of virazole were established. Long-term use of virazole, at concentrations of 50 and 70 mg/l, by the end of the 3rd passage leads to the complete death of microshoots. The studies were carried out within the framework of the project „Development of biotechnological methods (in vitro and ex vitro) obtaining virus-free material from the raspberry bushy dwarf virus” in order to increase the productivity of industrial raspberry plantations.

Design and synthesis of novel N, N′-substituted benzamide derivatives as potential insecticidal agents against the white mango scale insect, Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

The white mango scale insect Aulacaspis tubercularis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), which causes defoliation, drying out of young twigs, dieback, poor flowering, and decreased fruit output, causes serious damage to mango trees in Egypt. Attacks on mango fruits result in pink imperfections that lower their value as a commercial and export item. The current report aims to support the development of integrated management plans to combat A. tuberculosis and to identify more effective, eco-friendly insecticides. The bug may cause a considerable decrease in mango production and jeopardize the sustainability of mango plantation production if no management measures are taken. Currently, the application of a small number of insecticides—the majority of which have poor performance and are disruptive is the primary method used to manage A. tubercularis. In order to suppress this insect, we created novel pesticides called insect growth regulators (N, N′-substituted benzamide derivatives). By using both traditional and elemental spectroscopic investigations (IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR), these synthesized compounds which are linked to the most well-known insect growth regulator insecticides had their structures validated. The findings showed that A. tubercularis nymphs were more responsive to the evaluated treatments than adult females. After one day of application, all tested treatments resulted in a sizable proportion of mortality; the percentage of mortality increased with time for both A. tubercularis nymphs and adult females. Furthermore, the treatment with compound 3b was more effective than other synthesized compounds, with a LC50 of 0.318 ppm against nymphs and a LC50 of 0.993 ppm against adult females of A. tubercularis. While the treatment with compound 5 was the least toxic for controlling this pest, many assessments are essential to studying the efficacy of these treatments on advantageous insects.

Morphology of Kisaran City: The Circulation System in Urban Transformation 1929-2022

The rapid economic growth and significant urbanization in Kisaran City have posed several challenges in urban planning, including adequate housing, health facilities, education, and transportation. The city's development was also influenced by its colonial history, with the dominance of colonial power regulating the production and trade of plantation products as well as the lives of local people. The morphological transformation of the city from 1929 to 2022 reflects the challenges related to infrastructure, visual appearance, and the growth of the commercial sector, which have affected the lives of citizens and demanded the city's adaptation to the development of the times. Historical events, such as colonization by foreign powers and Chinese immigration, have affected the population growth of Kisaran and caused pressure on infrastructure and socio-economic inequality. This study aims to understand the morphology of Kisaran City and the factors that influence its transformation by using the methods of literature study, synchronic approach, and diachronic approach. The results of the study concluded that the morphological transformation of Kisaran City was influenced by the circulation system, which adapted to the needs and trends of society, and interacted with each other in forming the morphology of Kisaran City that continues to develop over time.