Production Situation Research Articles

Present situation of comprehensive utilization of coal-based solid waste

At present, the annual discharge of coal-based solid waste in China has exceeded 800 million tons, but the mainstream treatment methods are still simple treatment methods such as goaf backfilling and openpit stacking. The massive stacking of coal-based solid waste is not only a serious waste of resources itself, but also brings a series of problems such as environmental pollution. Under the “Carbon Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality” strategy in China, in order to achieve green and rapid development of the coal industry, it is necessary to solve the problem of coal-based solid waste treatment and achieve green and comprehensive utilization of coal-based solid waste. Taking coal gangue, gasification slag and fly ash as representative coal-based solid waste, the present situation of coal-based solid waste production in China and the basic properties of coal-based solid waste are introduced. The utilization status and application characteristics of coal-based solid waste in cement concrete, roadbed materials, soil improvement and so on are focused on, and the resource utilization potential of coal-based solid waste is analyzed and summarized. Then the application prospect of coal-based solid waste in high-value utilization in the future is analyzed and prospected.

Control Systems Based on Real-time Digital Predictive Models

The paper presents the methods for intelligent forecasting of the state of industrial processes, for scenario modeling of production situations, and for the intelligent synthesis of proactive management systems. Associative models based of inductive knowledge are used.

Organizational Ohm's Law—Case in Point: Engineering Velocity

Organizational productivity determines how fast an organization can utilize its resources to achieve desired outcomes. The ability to deliver is one of the most critical competitive advantages for any organization. Despite the well-proven empirical evidence and best practices to improve organizational productivity, it is still hard to comprehend the problem holistically because there are so many interdependent moving parts. In this article, we propose the concept of organizational Ohm's law inspired by Ohm's law in electrical engineering. Organizational Ohm's law is built upon well-proven empirical evidence. Organizational Ohm's law is a general descriptive model to comprehensively understand organizational productivity. We state that organizational velocity is proportional to outcome-output efficiency and organizational potential, and inversely proportional to organizational resistance. We then apply the model to understand engineering velocity, exploring factors that contribute to the parameters of organizational Ohm's law, and introducing an equivalent circuit approach to decompose organizational resistance. We show that the model is intuitive and effective when considering various engineering productivity situations. Furthermore, we share our stories of improving engineering velocity by transforming from a single product to a product platform, and by migrating from a monolith to microservices and macroservices. We also explain how to utilize organizational Ohm's law in practice using real-life examples from different companies. In the end, we give suggestions on how to use organizational Ohm's law as a both retrospective and predictive tool.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА МОЛОКА

A systematic analysis of the dairy market’s state and literature data reflecting the current milk production situation, as well as veterinary department’s statistics indicating low commercial quality of milk due to mastitis’ clinical and subclinical forms development had given. The Russian cows’ average age is 2,7 lactation. The decisive role in mastitis’ etiology depends on three interrelated factors - infectious agents, macroorganism’s protective properties and environmental influences. The mastitis’ incidence in dairy cows averages about 25%, but the latent mastitis’ form occurs in 50% of lactating cows. The legislative, regulatory and methodological framework for safety ensuring and milk and dairy products quality in our country is largely consistent with international requirements. At the same time some standards for Russian raw milk quality and safety assessing are significantly lower than European ones. The operating and logistics costs increasing, limited of foreign components availability and equipment have led to dairy producers’ costs increasing. High producing costs, the number of cows reducing, import prices rising and processing utilization capacities decreasing are important factors of raw milk prices’ dynamic changing. Measures of efficiency improving and competitive dairy cattle products’ producing volume and consumer’s market saturation increasing are proposed. The main directions of subindustry effective development creating, technical reequipment and dairy farms and complexes’ comprehensive modernization, that capable safe high quality milk producing are highlighted. The economical-and-biological, technical-and-technological, organizational-and-financial factors that dairy cattle breeding resourcesaving technologies development are determined. The reserves of milk production increasing and quality of milk improving, production costs in agricultural organizations’ conditions reducing are considered.

Performance of innovative cropping systems diversified with oilseeds and protein crops: identification and resolution of methodological issues, using the Syppre experimental network as a case study

Agroecological transition requires that innovative and diversified cropping systems be developed. Conducting system experiments is an approach well-suited to the analysis of performance of cropping systems when subjected to soil, weather and biotic stresses. Conducting system experiments nevertheless gives rise to methodological challenges. Using the Syppre network of experiments, consisting of five sites in France, we present an original case study that provides valuable methodological and agronomic lessons on system experiments. The innovative cropping systems tested there are based on crop diversification (including oilseeds and protein crops), as well as flexible tillage, technical innovations and optimized crop management. From a methodological standpoint, we show that (i) mixed models are adapted to a range of experimental questions and constraints; (ii) multifactorial analysis enables the characterization of relationships between performance indicators; (iii) a multisite experimental network is an efficient approach not only for answering agronomic questions, but also for addressing methodological issues. From an agronomic standpoint, we showed that reconciling multiple indicators of performance is still challenging. Overall, innovative and diversified systems improved the performance of input utilization and environmental impacts, but with lower productivity and profitability. Introducing legume crops is a promising strategy because this contributes significantly to reductions in mineral N fertilizer use, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, without major trade-offs against other performance indicators. Finally, we showed that the nature of the production situation had a major influence on the performance profile. This led us to be cautious in making overall analyses especially with regard to general conclusions.

Online carbon emissions auto-accounting approach in aluminum casting production

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is driving national and international strategic shift towards new generation of innovative technologies. Electric vehicle is one of these technologies that revolutionizes the global automotive industry. It also triggers a consecutive surge of aluminum castings production. However, as a key lightweight-enabling process, aluminum casting is energy-intensive and accounts for significant carbon emissions. The arriving carbon tariff further challenges overseas aluminum casting suppliers. Accurate carbon emissions accounting in aluminum casting production can support the development of product carbon label, which is an essential step for manufacturing enterprises to tackle carbon tariff. Existing carbon emissions accounting in production normally uses life cycle assessment (LCA), but in the actual production situation, the LCA-required multi-source data, including materials, process parameters, energy, quality, and etc., as these data are widely sourced, heterogeneous and complex to correlate, remain difficult to be used in the accurate carbon emissions accounting directly. This leads to low creditability of the results and low efficiency of the accounting performance. To address this issue, an online carbon emissions auto-accounting approach in aluminum casting production is proposed. First, based on the minimum data collection unit in each process, the accurate production data related to carbon emissions (CEPD) is identified and gathered using Internet of Things technology. Subsequently, the activity level data of aluminum casting is calculated through the developed mathematical model. Finally, the multi-level carbon emissions of aluminum casting can be obtained employing the emission factor method. An aluminum casting workshop that produces electric vehicle subframes is taken as a case study to implement and validate this online auto-accounting approach. It shows that the carbon emissions accounting is feasible.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ТА ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В ІНТЕРАКТИВНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ WORKLAB-AUTO

Abstract. The general structure, principles of operation and application of the author's interactive learning envi-ronment Worklab-Auto for the organization of technological processes of diagnosis, maintenance and repair of cars and the design of pro-duction units of automobile transport enterprises are described. The software complex includes a fairly extensive data-base, server and client parts with a WEB interface and access via the INTERNET network. System modules provide inter-active implementation and simulation of production situations, which significantly improves the quality and realism of design. The environment contains modules for the analysis of the enterprise's production activity, which analyze the state of the production and technical base and the organization of work in production units, providing tech-nological equipment and tools. Calculation modules provide for the determination of the annual volume of work, the number of workers and the number of posts, as well as the distribution of work by types and place of execution. The pro-duction units of the enterprise are formed in the organizational modules. Technological equipment is selected from the database for each production unit. The organization of workplaces involves in an interactive mode fixing for each work-place works that are similar in execution technology, as well as the necessary technological equipment and tools. The types of diagnostic maintenance or repair posts are selected from the database which are equipped with an inspection ditch, a lift or stationary post equipment, respectively. The graphic window of the room plan makes it possible to display and move the selected equipment, service posts, workplaces, gates, doors, windows on a large scale. The development and optimization of route technology involves the visual division of a given technological process into separate operations. Keywords: design, automobile transport enterprise, technological process, education, interactive and distance learning.

Development of a novel suction cylinder exploitation device for marine natural gas hydrate and the feasibility studies

Natural gas hydrate (NGH), a novel clean energy with enormous potential, has drawn the attention of many countries for research and development. In recent years, exploitation theories and technical capabilities have advanced quickly. However, commercial production, in terms of current exploitation equipment and tried tests, is still challenging to implement. In this paper, a novel suction cylinder exploitation device (SCED) was proposed based on marine NGH depressurization exploitation technology and suction anchor to replace conventional wellbore. The SCED is a prefabricated steel construction that enters the NGH reservoir by suction and gravity and has the potential to be recycled after exploitation. Through indoor experiments, the SCED penetration mechanisms and characteristics were investigated to confirm whether it can smoothly penetrate the NGH reservoir. Simultaneously, the gas production situation of the SCED was explored by CMG software. Results show that: (i) the super sizeable length-to-diameter ratio SCED model can complete the penetration from the experimental results. Although the “soil plug” height increases with the increase of the length-diameter ratio, it can be solved by taking appropriate methods for specific engineering; (ii) Due to the larger diameter and higher strength of the SCED, it can achieve greater pressure reduction and exploitation range, making the efficiency of gas production roughly 5.7–11.77 times greater than that of a conventional wellbore. In summary, it is anticipated that the SCED will open up new opportunities for the early commercial exploitation of marine NGH due to its advanced advantages of high equipment strength, big exploitation diameter, and easy construction.

Analisis Pengendalian Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dengan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) pada PT. ABC

PT. ABC is engaged in metal casting such as drinking water pipe connections and quality drainage components. Existing manufacturing processes involve direct interaction of workers with equipment in production situations that have sufficiently high safety risks. The research aims to identify the type or source of hazard, determine the value of high risk, and appropriate risk control measures. Using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to identify failures from facilities, systems or equipment that have an impact on work accidents. The results of the study found 48 hazards with identifying the risk of work accidents with categories are very low (7), low (48), medium (17), high (10) and there is no risk of work accidents with very high categories. Work accidents that have a high risk in the metal casting process at PT. ABC is at the die-making, smelting and pouring, roughing, and finishing work stations. Potential risks to work safety include dust from mixing, being crushed by solid iron, exposed to sparks, exposed to molten liquids, electrocuted, and exposed to odors from paint. Risk control measures are proposed in the metal casting process at PT. ABC is carried out with engineering control and the use of PPE according to the source of danger.

Ability of Agriculture in ANCs in Poland and Other EU Countries to Reconcile the Income Function with the Protection of the Natural Environment

A necessary condition for agriculture to provide environmental public goods at the level desired by the society is the existence and compliance with appropriate “rules of the game” (institutions). Undoubtedly, institutions are of fundamental importance for agriculture in areas with natural or other specific constraints (ANCs), the new delimitation of which was recommended by the European Commission to all EU member states under the CAP 2014–2020 and which is valid under the CAP 2023–2027. The aim of the study is to indicate the role of institutions in the new institutional economics (NIE) approach in the context of supporting agriculture in ANCs. The specific goals consist of indicating a method for determining the current ANCs in the EU, including Poland; characterizing their current state in Poland, as compared to other EU countries; determining their role in the implementation of the agri-environment-climate (AECM) and organic farming measure under the EU CAP (they are particularly predestined to provide environmental public goods) and also specify the determinants encouraging farmers in ANCs to participate in these measures; assessing the production and economic situation of agriculture in these areas in individual EU countries. The data source was data from the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute in Puławy and the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics—National Research Institute, Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture, European Commission FADN—FSDN. Descriptive methods were used to analyze and present the materials. Tabular graphic logistic regression model, the Wald test, the Cox–Snell pseudo-R2 measure and its additional variant proposed by Nagelkerke were used. The study is intended to fill the research gap regarding the determination of the ability of agriculture in ANCs to reconcile the market function, which is reflected in its economic situation, with the provision of environmental public goods to the society. It was determined that in communes with a high saturation of lowland ANCs, farms achieving worse production results in the form of lower wheat yields and lower net income calculated without subsidies per 1 ha of utilized agricultural area (UAA) had a greater tendency to implement AECM and organic farming measure. In most EU countries, agriculture in ANCs is characterized by extensification of agricultural production compared to other agriculture. It generally incurs lower costs and, as a result, obtains lower production effects and income from agricultural activities per 1 ha of UAA. The study provides arguments supporting the thesis that for agriculture in ANCs to achieve satisfactory economic effects and at the same time be able to provide the public with environmental public goods to a wide extent, it is necessary to have public financial incentives in the form of subsidies from the EU CAP.

The importance of blackberry (Rubus spp.) production in Mexico

Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review about the current situation of the commercial production and the generation of blackberry varieties in Mexico.Approach: Based on the existent databases, a bibliographic review about the current blackberry production, production indicators, and generation of new varieties in Mexico was carried out. Berries have been produced in Mexico since the 19th century. The exportation of this product was a response to the North American market windows and generated new varieties adapted to the Mexican weather conditions. The USA market demands berries mainly in autumn, winter, and spring. During this period, prices are very attractive due to the lack of domestic American production. This situation causes a production increase in the berries sector,where innovative practices have been developed. In Mexico, the first commercial blackberry plantation was established in 1983, in Tetela del Volcán, Morelos. The Boysenberry (a raspberry-blackberry hybrid) was the chosen variety. The Brazos variety was the first blackberry variety that was planted and, in 1998, it was replaced by the Tupi variety, which has an excellent quality and shelf lifespan.Conclusions: The blackberry productive chain is a source of direct and indirect employment during itsproduction and commercialization. Mexico is one of the main blackberry exporters worldwide. Additionally,blackberry consumption has health benefits, because it prevents the development of several diseases.

정수 선형 분수 계획법 문제에 대한 파라메트릭 접근법

In this paper, we focus on the integer linear fractional optimization problem, a special case of fractional programming where all functions in the objective function and constraints are linear and all variables are bounded and discrete. To derive the optimal solution, the parametric algorithms are considered, and the efficiency of the algorithms is investigated computationally. Unlike traditional parametric algorithms such as Newton's method, which create a unidirectional sequence approaching the optimal function value, our proposed algorithm generates both upper and lower bounds converging to this value. To demonstrate its effectiveness across various production and operations management problems, the suggested algorithms are used to solve the fractional knapsack problem by comparison to other algorithms (e.g., Newton’s method) under the randomized experimental conditions. The relative practical performance measured by the number of function calls demonstrates that the proposed algorithms are fast and robust for solving the linear fractional programs with discrete variables. Leveraging this algorithm holds the potential to overcome situations in traditional production and operations problems where non-fractional objective functions were previously unconsidered, thereby expecting to derive new outcomes and significance.

Analysis of the charcoal production situation in Brazil and in the state of Pará

Charcoal is a product used for various purposes in the pharmaceutical, chemical, steel and metallurgical industries, as well as for domestic use, gasifiers for producing electricity in rural areas, among others. The aim of this study was to analyze the production of charcoal from planted and native forests in Brazil and in the state of Pará. The databases used to compile scientific articles were: Periódicos Capes, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Scielo, using the keywords: charcoal, production, economics, extractivism and forestry. Charcoal production in Brazil and Pará is mainly directed towards steel and metallurgical plants. In Brazil and Pará in the years studied, there was a reduction in the production of charcoal from extractivism, while the production of charcoal from planted forests increased.

Talabalarning kredit tizimi bo'yicha individual ishlarini tashkil etishda portfolio usulidan foydalanish

Kazakhstan has been carrying out cardinal reforms in the higher education system in recent years. One of them is the introduction of a credit system of education in universities. In the modern world, the main goal of the transition to a credit system of education is the integration of the education system with the global educational space and the creation of opportunities to increase competitiveness, global demand for professionals in changing times of production and market situation. The problem of improving the individual work of students in pedagogical universities has formed the basis for the research of many specialists, including teachers and methodologists [1]

POLISH FOREIGN TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

In the research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic situation in agriculture, the demand and supply channels are distinguished. They indicate how restrictions on economic activity translate into the volume and structure of production and the demand for agricultural products. The aim of the research was to identify and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Polish agriculture through the transmission channel of foreign trade. The research period covered the years of 2017-2022. The primary research tool used was time series indicator analysis. During the pandemic, changes in foreign trade were limited only to short-term disruptions, which intensified in the first wave of COVID-19 (2020, second quarter). Trade in agri-food products turned out to be more resistant to shocks caused by the pandemic compared to trade in non-agricultural sectors. Therefore, disruptions on foreign markets did not significantly affect the production and economic situation of Polish agriculture. In the second quarter of 2020, the value of exports of agri-food goods decreased by 2.8% compared to the previous quarter. As it comes to other groups of goods, export values were lower by 7.2-40.1%. At the same time, the value of imports of agri-food goods was lower by 6.1% compared to the previous quarter. Imports of other goods collapsed much more severely as decrease in the value of imported goods ranged from 8.4 to 47.4%.

Influence of production situation on the incidence of brown spot of rice (Oryza sativa) caused by Bipolaris oryzae in the Philippines

AbstractBrown spot, caused by Bipolaris oryzae, is becoming more prevalent and important in the Philippines but risk assessment is limited. Surveys of 2186 farmers' fields were conducted in the major rice‐growing areas in the country from 2015 to 2018 to analyse the components of production situation (PS) that contribute to the area under the progress curve of brown spot incidence (aBS). Based on lasso regression, the components of PS that influence aBS, in decreasing order, are ecosystem (irrigated vs. rainfed), crop establishment method (direct seeding vs. transplanting), variety type (hybrid vs. inbred), rate of phosphorus fertilizer, rate of potassium fertilizer, application of organic fertilizer (with vs. without organic fertilizer) and frequency of fungicide application. Pairwise comparisons showed that aBS is positively associated with direct‐seeded rice, rainfed ecosystem, hybrid rice, moderate to high P and K rates and spraying of fungicide. Correspondence analysis and chi‐squared tests showed that the class with highest aBS is closely associated with the production situation characterized by rainfed ecosystem, direct‐seeded rice, fungicide application, moderate nitrogen and moderate to high phosphorus and potassium rates; and weather pattern (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, rainfall and wind speed) that occurs during the wet season. These results confirm previous studies showing that increased adoption of water‐saving technologies and direct seeding for adaptation and mitigation to climate change and reduction of agricultural labour, will most probably favour brown spot. Strategies to manage the disease under these production situations should be implemented in government programmes and considered in future research agendas.

Soluble solids profile of Brazilian Vitis labrusca and hybrid grape musts, from the 2012–2022 harvest

The increase in the production, marketing and consumption of grape juices has been constant in recent years. This is directly related to consumers' search for products with proven health benefits, due to their characteristics and nutritional properties. Grape juice produced from Vitis labrusca L. and hybrids thereof is significantly different from those produced from Vitis vinifera L., being the soluble solids content as one of the most relevant parameters. Data collected in real Brazilian production situations demonstrate that the soluble solids content of juice from V. labrusca L. is below the minimum Brix level of 16.0 established at the General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars (CXS 247–2005) for a representative portion of the production (around 44%), varying mainly due to the variety, vintage, edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to verify the soluble solids profile, expressed in ºBrix (at 20 ºC), in grape musts of Vitis labrusca L. and hybrids thereof, produced in Brazil, from the 2012–2022 harvest. In this sense, experimental musts of the main grapes used in the elaboration of grape juices in Brazil were analyzed, totalling 1624 samples. Modelling these data by a normal distribution, it is observed that 33.8% of the production is in the range of 14–16°Brix, 10% is below 14°Brix and 56.2% is above 16°Brix. However, for some varieties in some years, more than half of the production is in the range between 14° and 16°Brix, which points to the need to re-discuss the 16°Brix limit of CXS 247–2005.

Risk pre-control mechanism of mines based on evidence-based safety management and safety big data.

The overexploitation of mineral resources and the heavy use of mineral resources have caused serious environmental damage. The growing problem of mine safety also directly threatens the personal safety of the surrounding population and hinders the development of the local economy. Evidence-based safety eliminates the reliance on intuition and unsystematic aspects of traditional safety management systems by taking into account the actual production situations on site, making safety decision-making activities more scientific. However, there is frequently a lag in the transformation and feedback of evidence information, which obstructs the realization of effective safety decision-making activities. From the perspective of process safety management risk analysis and the transformation of safety big data and safety evidence, this paper proposes a new mine risk pre-control mechanism. First and foremost, based on process safety management, evidence-based safety is successfully applied to mine risk control. Secondly, from the perspective of information transformation, a mine risk pre-control mechanism based on evidence-based safety management and safety big data is established. Finally, taking mine open area monitoring as an example, the application analysis of the mine risk pre-control mode constructed above is carried out. The risk pre-control mechanism proposed in this paper provides a new idea for the practice of mine risk management.

PRODUCT QUALITY (PQ) IDENTIFICATION IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES: THE PERSPECTIVE OF MANAGERS AND EXECUTIVES

Pursuing quality as one of the main goals of a competitive manufacturing company is very important. The quantity of features and characteristics of a product reflects its quality. One of the most important aspects is that managers and executors (team members) must understand the importance of quality and know what factors affect it and what solutions take place with identified problems. Based on the identification of product quality from the point of view of managers and executives, problems are identified, and solutions are provided to change the situation. If they do not have a common understanding of product quality issues, the situation in production only worsens. Decision-making often requires access to real-time data, analytics, and resources that are typically managed by relevant departments or MANAGERS. Expected, that EXECUTORS follow established procedures and report issues to their MANAGERS. Organizations must empower their frontline employees with the authority and training to make decisions related to equipment operation and maintenance. The results of the Exploratory research revealed that the work of managers and executives with product quality has a lot of disadvantages. The general perspective of managers and executors in solving product quality problems and making decisions to eliminate them include a shared understanding of quality standards, effective communication, data-driven decision-making, empowerment, a commitment to continuous improvement, problem-solving skills, resource allocation, risk management, ongoing training, customer focus, and documentation. Organizations must empower their frontline employees with the authority and training to make decisions related to equipment operation and maintenance. In such cases, EXECUTORS are expected to exercise their judgment and expertise to keep operations running smoothly. The general perspective of managers and executors in solving product quality problems and making decisions to eliminate them include a shared understanding of quality standards, effective communication, data-driven decision-making, empowerment, a commitment to continuous improvement, problem-solving skills, resource allocation, risk management, ongoing training, customer focus, and documentation. By working collaboratively and emphasizing these factors, organizations can effectively address and prevent quality issues.

Current situation of hazelnut production in Slovenia

Current situation of hazelnut production in Slovenia