НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА МОЛОКА

Abstract

A systematic analysis of the dairy market’s state and literature data reflecting the current milk production situation, as well as veterinary department’s statistics indicating low commercial quality of milk due to mastitis’ clinical and subclinical forms development had given. The Russian cows’ average age is 2,7 lactation. The decisive role in mastitis’ etiology depends on three interrelated factors - infectious agents, macroorganism’s protective properties and environmental influences. The mastitis’ incidence in dairy cows averages about 25%, but the latent mastitis’ form occurs in 50% of lactating cows. The legislative, regulatory and methodological framework for safety ensuring and milk and dairy products quality in our country is largely consistent with international requirements. At the same time some standards for Russian raw milk quality and safety assessing are significantly lower than European ones. The operating and logistics costs increasing, limited of foreign components availability and equipment have led to dairy producers’ costs increasing. High producing costs, the number of cows reducing, import prices rising and processing utilization capacities decreasing are important factors of raw milk prices’ dynamic changing. Measures of efficiency improving and competitive dairy cattle products’ producing volume and consumer’s market saturation increasing are proposed. The main directions of subindustry effective development creating, technical reequipment and dairy farms and complexes’ comprehensive modernization, that capable safe high quality milk producing are highlighted. The economical-and-biological, technical-and-technological, organizational-and-financial factors that dairy cattle breeding resourcesaving technologies development are determined. The reserves of milk production increasing and quality of milk improving, production costs in agricultural organizations’ conditions reducing are considered.