Product Quality Management Research Articles

Mitigating Product Quality Risk under External Financial Pressure: Inspection, Insurance, and Cash/Collateralized Loan

We consider a single‐period manufacturing problem wherein a risk‐neutral manufacturer procures product components from an upstream supplier. Component quality is uncertain. Dysfunctional components result in defective products associated with an external failure cost. There is external financing pressure related to financial stress. The manufacturer can use the internal cash‐flow and a collateralized loan to manage product quality risk through incoming inspection, business insurance, and cash hoard. We find that there is no cash hoard if a collateralized loan is used, and the cash hoard's value increases as external financing pressure decreases. Interestingly, more initial internal cash‐flow does not always lead to more investments in inspection and insurance. We also find that business insurance may improve a manufacturer's inspection effort. Finally, we reveal that, as the initial internal cash‐flow increases, inspection and insurance first substitute and then complement each other.

Establishment of Body Auto Fitting Model “BAFM” Using “NJ-GPM” At Toyota

Abstract: The Toyota Production System (TPS) exemplifies Japanese manufacturing. It has been further developed and spread in the form of internationally shared global production systems. The author has proposed the New Japan Global Production Model “NJ-GPM”, a system designed to achieve worldwide uniform quality and production at optimal locations – the keys to successful global production at Toyota. Based on NJ-GPM, the author has further established the Body Auto Fitting Model “BAFM”. The author has realized innovative unmanning of a fitting line by integrating the technologies utilizing BAFM. The ability to automatically fit and tighten door, hood and luggage compartment panels to the car body was achieved, utilizing robotics, vision systems, bolt tightening and product quality management. This paper shows the development of the highly reliable production system combining the following three items: (1) panel fitting accuracy, (2) automatic bolt tightening, and (3) integration into flexible assembly line at Toyota.

The Quality Management of the Products Produced by the Enterprises for the Production of Metal Structures

Currently, it is necessary to build a product quality management system that ensures the smooth operation of the organization, the competitiveness of products, the development and maintenance of the organization's quality goals. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of quality management of manufactured products at the enterprise. The necessity of quality management of the enterprise's products as the basis of the competitiveness of the enterprise is substantiated. The concept of quality management is considered. The stages of development of the quality management system are given. The threats of defective goods and their impact on the economic condition of the enterprise are considered. At the research stage, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique. The quality control system of metal structures is analyzed. Losses from defects in the manufacture of metal structures were revealed. A Pareto diagram of the defected goods distribution is constructed, the data of which indicate that more than 55 % of the defects is caused by locksmiths, 17 % — undercuts, 13 % — displacement of holes and other reasons. The main reason was the insufficient level of qualification of locksmiths. In order to improve the quality of products, measures have been proposed concerning the retraining of workers, updating equipment. It is recommended at operational meetings to develop preventive and corrective measures to reduce defects, reduce the workload of engineers of the technical control department. The suggested measures will reduce the number of defective products, increase the competitiveness of the company's products.

Improvement of the Product Quality Management System in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Improvement of the Product Quality Management System in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Technical solutions for the implementation of a software and hardware complex for food quality management

The problem of technical solutions for the implementation of a software and hardware complex for food quality management is considered. The review and analysis of existing modern control systems is presented, which made it possible to conclude that today food enterprises need new effective solutions using highly efficient intelligent technologies. The analysis of the possibility of intellectualization of the food production quality management system is carried out. The main tasks of this system are presented. It is shown that a practical basis for the implementation of this problem can be the creation of a software and hardware complex for an automated food quality control system using artificial intelligence technologies, which includes neural network technologies, computer vision systems, simulation modeling and an effective combination of hybrid methods and technologies in its arsenal. Methods, algorithms and technologies for the development of the investigated software and hardware complex of an intelligent automated food quality control system are analyzed. The developed generalized functional structure of such an intelligent system and the main stages of its implementation are presented. The main types of support for this system have been developed: information, mathematical and software. The main stages of decision-making on the quality of finished food products have been developed. The necessary technical means are recommended for the implementation of the system. For the practical implementation of the developed intelligent system, the CP1EE14DRA controller from Omron was chosen - a modular programmable controller. As an operator's workstation, a choice should be made in favor of Siemens products - SIMATIC Panel PC. For the tasks of data storage and implementation of calculations, a conventional personal server equipped with a powerful processor, for example, IntelCorei7, has been proposed. It is shown that the implementation of the developed intelligent automated food quality management system makes food industry enterprises more efficient and safe.

Історичний досвід та перспективи корпоратизації Дніпровського електровозобудівного заводу (1988–2021)

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the historical experience and problems of corporatization of the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant – a leading domestic manufacturer of industrial electric vehicles and railway rolling stock. The author traces historical circumstances of development and preconditions of diversification of production activity of the enterprise on the background of market economy in Ukraine and decrease in demand for narrowly specialized products. It was found out that during the 1990s–2000s the staff of SPA «DEVZ», having a promising research and production potential, mastered a wide range of production of mainline equipment to meet the needs of railways for innovative electric vehicles. However, due to low product quality and inefficient management system, the company is currently on the verge of bankruptcy, and its outdated design and technological improvements are not able to ensure competitiveness in the global railway market. It is proved that given the strategic importance of SE «DEVZ» for the national economy as the last profile locomotive company, its corporatization can be a real alternative to privatization, providing effective capitalization, financial and technological recovery and improving the culture of production with a state guarantee of preservation of the enterprise, as well as obtaining additional funds through the placement of securities on stock exchanges, and attracting private investment and innovation from international manufacturers. Further research on the historical aspects of the development of domestic engineering enterprises and their impact on the fleet of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» should be carried out taking into account the achievements of domestic science on the problems of structural adjustment of the economy and the use of modern strategic management tools.

Quality assessment of cold chain storage facilities for regulatory and quality management compliance in a developing country context.

Supply chain management is essential for cold chain medicines since they are temperature-controlled and must be maintained within a specific temperature range to ensure product integrity and quality. In Nigeria, guidelines that address drug distribution do not adequately address the issue of cold chain management in addition to challenges in implementation. Given the chaotic medicines distribution system, this study examined the quality of practice of supply chain management of cold chain products in line with the World Health Organisation's Expert Committee report on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. The study was set in Abuja Nigeria and descriptive survey was used to explore cold chain supply management. A checklist developed from regulatory requirements stipulated by the World Health Organisation covering documentations, storage and distribution guidelines was used to assess supply chain management of cold chain medicines across various facilities. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The results from this study showed that most of the storage facilities assessed (66.7%) did not meet up to the required standards of quality management for cold chain products. In addition, 50.4% of retail and hospital pharmacy facilities performed poorly in cold chain management practices. Many of aspects of quality management guidelines and regulations were not met by the facilities. Most facilities (66.7%) do not have their equipment calibrated, 43.6% of the hospital and retail pharmacies assessed do not have an automated system to cater for power failure while 37.6% do not perform a temperature check on cold chain products before receiving from suppliers. The study has shown that the levels of the supply chain assessed for quality management and regulatory compliance performed poorly. There was limited availability and use of validated quality monitoring systems for cold chain medicines in these facilities.

TRAINING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTENSIVE MATERIALS IN THE DIGITAL ERA AS A SOLUTION TO FISHERIES EXTENSION ACTIVITIES WITH DIGITAL SUBMITTING OF INFORMATION

Background: snacks or fast food are currently favored by children's and even dominate the food market. This food has penetrated all regions and its development very fast from day to day. This increase in consumption of snacks is not followed by an increase in the nutritional value in them and most of the snacks as children's snacks that are currently circulating contain many substances that are harmful to health, such as dyes, preservatives and excessive MSG. This cannot be allowed to continue because it also affects the intelligence of children. This requires a media as the delivery of information to the public as a whole. One of the media that can convey information globally is information that is connected to the internet network, especially in streaming videos on social media channels. In order to raise awareness of the Indonesian people, especially the people of Tanjungbalai about the benefits and advantages of eating fish, so Department of Fish Processing Technology Polytechnic Tanjungbalai (TPHP POLTAN) carries out training activities for the creation of extension materials in the digital era. The desired result of this activity is that students can create counseling materials through video media, blogs/vlogs that are presented online. Method : The form of this activity consists of providing material and making video demos. The materials provided in this activity are: 1) Fish Product Diversification, 2) Processed Product Quality Management and 3) Video making and editing tutorials. Result : the training process in making video demos of making products from fishery products as a form of counseling material for the community to be able to make their own snacks that are more nutritious and have a delicious taste. The stages in this training are as follows: 1) Participants make video material to be made, 2) Shoot or record videos according to the material, and 3) Participants do video editing to get a good video.

The Integrated Approaches to the Productivity Management of the Grape Plantations of Different Ages

The article highlights the generalized research data of the Department of Horticulture, Viticulture, Biology and Chemistry of Odessa State University. The main direction of its work is to maintain the productivity of existing plantations and the formation of high-yielding plantations of grapes of technical varieties in the Northern Black Sea region of Ukraine. Based on many years of research, the productivity of vineyards of Aligote, Traminer pink, White fetish, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and many others has been established, as well as complex schemes of impact on young grape bushes and plantations older than 25 years. As a result of researches, the basic optimum terms for conditions of the South of Ukraine in which it is necessary to carry out processing by growth stimulators and root and foliar feeding are established. These terms are: the first treatment before flowering, the second when the berries reach the size of a pea and the third at the beginning of ripening berries. It is proved that the after-effect of application of fertilizing elements is intensified on old plantations after the renewal of the plantation and can last up to three years, depending on the wet supply of the territory. The main conclusions and proposals for the use of complexes of agricultural technology elements based on root and foliar nutrition with different substances, irrigation, periodic deep tillage is given. Based on the obtained results, a mathematical model of quality management of grape products and products of its processing is developed

Cloud-Based Analytics Module for Predictive Maintenance of the Textile Manufacturing Process

Industry 4.0 has remarkably transformed many industries. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) architecture is important to enable an intelligent and connected manufacturing factory. SCADA is extensively used in many Internet of Things (IoT) applications, including data analytics and data visualization. Product quality management is important across most manufacturing industries. In this study, we extensively used SCADA to develop a cloud-based analytics module for production quality predictive maintenance (PdM) in Industry 4.0, thus targeting textile manufacturing processes. The proposed module incorporates a complete knowledge discovery in database process. Machine learning algorithms were employed to analyze preprocessed data and provide predictive suggestions for production quality management. Equipment data were analyzed using the proposed system with an average mean-squared error of ~0.0005. The trained module was implemented as an application programming interface for use in IoT applications and third-party systems. This study provides a basis for improving production quality by predicting optimized equipment settings in manufacturing processes in the textile industry.

TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING NEW TYPES OF PRODUCTS

The article analyzes domestic and foreign approaches to determining the essence of «new production», «advanced production», «breakthrough production» technologies, analyzes the development and structure of advanced production technologies in Russia and in the Vladimir region for the period 2000– 2015. The question is raised about innovative production technologies representing a set of development and production processes at the current technological level with varying degrees of complexity of goods individualized for a specific consumer. It is concluded that they should include advanced marketing technologies. The philosophy of Agile methods is revealed, as well as criteria for its similarities and differences with the author's methodology for developing new products, which allows accurately transferring customer requirements into technical solutions of the product. The methodology is based on a structural approach to combining the customer's presentation with the development of a new product called the Quality House, or QFD (Quality function deployment). This approach will make it possible to make informed decisions in the production quality management system. At the same time, it will be possible to avoid numerous market failures and adapt the innovation to the needs of consumers after its appearance on the market, as well as at the same time guarantee a relatively low cost and high value of the product by minimizing out-of-production costs.

Analysis Atmosphere Management of Price Reduction and Product Quality on Consumer Buying Interest in the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research was conducted to look for the effect of store atmosphere, price discounts, and product quality on consumers buying the interest of RA Jeans at PT. Matahari Department Store Plaza Medan fair. The population in this research was unknown, so the number of samples was determined using the Zikmund formula the number of samples was 97 respondents. This research used an associative approach with quantitative data that was processed with SPSS application version 24.0. The Source of data used primary data taken directly from respondents. The analytical method used was multiple linear regression. The research was conducted from July to December 2019. The results showed that store atmosphere, price cuts, and product quality had a positive and significant effect both partially and simultaneously on consumer buying interest, where the discounted variable was the most dominant variable influencing consumer buying interest. Store atmosphere, price discounts and product quality contributed 86.6% in the formation of consumer buying interest. Store atmosphere, price discounts, and product quality also had a very strong relationship to consumer buying interest.

Implementation and improvement of the sailboat game: Evidence from two cities

The sailboat game is popular in supply chain management teaching. In the game, students play different roles in a supply chain and try to achieve better performance in terms of minimizing costs, while gaining knowledge in production processes, quality management, and inventory management. Despite its popularity, how the sailboat game is beneficial to different student groups is unclear. The current paper documents two sailboat games held in two cities, Macau and Zhuhai, respectively. We distribute anonymous questionnaires after the two games and compare the responses. Through the comparison, we contribute to the knowledge base of management education in the following ways. First, we identify statistically significant differences between students in the two cities, which provide implications for implementing the game in various cultural contexts, as well as the distinctions between the two education systems. Second, we collect comments from students, which hint at possible improvements of the game in the future.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH USE-STATE OF LEAN-TECHNOLOGIES AT REGIONAL AND STATE LEVELS

The article considers the strategic management of enterprise development on the basis of the latest technologies of lean production - lean technologies. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were established that the introduction of the "Lean Production" system is the transition of the enterprise to a new, better level, which involves the involvement of all employees of the construction company. At the same time, active participation is provided by both material incentives (for implemented or approved before implementation proposals) and intangible (for example, the opportunity to participate in the management of the enterprise, the implementation of their ideas, career growth, etc.). This should become a separate element of the system of incentives and motivation of staff operating in the enterprise. The main question that Ukrainian companies ask first of all when implementing the provisions of lean production within the quality management system is the choice of the necessary tools that will help achieve significant results and increase the efficiency of the enterprise. The structure of the Ukrainian economy is dominated by industries that are characterized by continuous production processes: metallurgy, oil and gas, mining, paper industry, etc. The success of any company is largely determined by the quality and value of goods and services provided. To succeed in its activities, to achieve competitive quality and competitive prices of manufactured goods and services, the company must ensure the creative work of the whole team, the interaction of its constituent elements. In modern conditions, the competitiveness of the company in the market is the main criterion for production efficiency, evaluation of the results of the management system, and it can be achieved only through the efforts of the company's staff as a whole. Product quality management of a production enterprise today is an extremely important issue for domestic enterprises and deserves special consideration. Thus, using one of the initial tools of "lean production", it was possible to increase the efficiency of the production process. As soon as the company correctly determines the value, diverts the entire flow of value creation, begins to continuously add value to the product at each stage of the flow, all participants in the process will understand that the process of improvement can be endless. You can reduce labor costs, time, production space, cost and number of errors, while creating a product that is closer and closer to the ideal, which is important for the construction of residential buildings. These measures will provide an opportunity to improve economic relations in enterprises.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE METROLOGICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM

The system of metrological support is the basis of product quality management at a machine-building enterprise. The most important element of metrological support is the real quality parameters. It was studied that the administrative management system does not create conditions for the implementation of objective technical management and, as a result, for the optimization of the management structure, reduction of production costs and quality assurance. This problem can be solved only through the development of appropriate mathematical models of metrological support systems and production process control. However, in order to build mathematical models of metrological support and production process control systems, it is necessary to establish functional and structural diagrams of the technological process and form a process for obtaining graphic models using product reliability parameters. A model is a simplified system that reflects individual elements and more important aspects of the process under study. The same process can be described by different models, and one model can describe different processes. One of the most important and difficult issues in modeling is the definition of key indicators of the system, which should more fully reflect the quality of the product. These parameters include failure, durability, time spent on product development and commissioning, etc. Thus, the problem of modeling a metrological assurance system can be formulated as follows: it is necessary to find a system that meets the aggregate requirements of the initial data, and in this case the quality indicators should have the best values in accordance with a previously selected higher criterion.

Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of fmea analysis (assembly of aircraft tail as-semblies at PJSC VASO)

The problems of improving the quality of technological processes in domestic enterprises due to their high relevance are reflected in numerous publications of both theoretical and practical nature. However, the performance assessment procedures in the standards are schematically not properly spelled out. This makes it difficult in practice to choose evaluation mechanisms and methods. The priority mechanism of improvement of the enterprise's activity in the field of quality is measurement of efficiency and efficiency of the current quality management system. In our opinion, any activity aimed at improving quality should be economically justified at the stage of its planning. The article proposes a mechanism for assessing the cost-effectiveness of using one of the tools of quality management – analysis of the types, consequences and causes of potential consequences of the industrial production process. The purpose of this analysis is to ensure that all process quality requirements with increased risk are met by developing corrective measures to eliminate the occurrence of probable failures. The article provides an example of such a process-specific analysis. The presented mechanism for assessing the economic efficiency of QMS is based on the real financial performance of the enterprise and can be used at domestic industrial enterprises to measure the costs and results of investments in product (work, services) quality management.

Common defects in injection molding of plastic products and their influence on product quality

The article deals with issues related to quality management and quality assessment in production of plastic articles in injection moulding. Expert knowledge collected in textbooks and literature allows to get acquainted with the characteristics of plastic article production and product quality defects arising in such processes. The characteristics and technology of plastics processing are discussed, the most frequent quality defects occurring in the production of articles made of plastics by injection molding are listed. On the basis of expert knowledge collected in the literature, a series of actions leading to the elimination of each of the mentioned quality defects has also been proposed.

Scientific approaches of a multi-level competitiveness assessment of quality assurance system for AIC products

High dependence of agri-food products competitiveness level on its qualitative parameters determines the need to orientate both the management of individual enterprises and the entire APC regulation system for formation of competitive advantages of domestic products in order to efficiently implement it in external and domestic markets. A prerequisite for reliably determine the direction of efficient solution to solve such a task is availability of a mechanism for objective assessment of the current product quality management system from the point of view of providing sustainable production of competitive product according to quality parameters. In connection with these objectives of the study were substantiation and development of practical oriented scientific approaches to assessment of competitiveness of the system for ensuring quality of agri-food products in modern conditions, taking into account the multi-levelness of the APC regulation system in the Republic of Belarus. As a result, system of principles of assessing competitiveness of system for ensuring quality of agri-food products has been developed. Targeted estimated criteria specifying the level of competitiveness of the system for ensuring quality differentially according to AIC regulation levels have been specified (republican, sectoral, individual business entities). Priority estimates of competitiveness of the quality assurance system for agri-food products have been developed, classified depending on the criteria of quality and safety assurance system, as well as the level of regulation of AIC and their area of application (national, regional and international markets). Implementation of proposals for assessing the competitiveness of the product quality assurance system at all levels of AIC management in practical activities will allow substantiating the most relevant areas for improving the existing quality management mechanisms, increase competitiveness of products in terms of quality parameters and strengthen the position of domestic manufacturers by increasing the confidence of potential and actual consumers in the supply system quality and safety of agri-food products.

Implementing Hoshin Kanri in small manufacturing companies

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to develop knowledge on the implementation of Hoshin Kanri (HK) in small manufacturing companies. Two research questions are addressed: (1) what factors influence the implementation of HK in small manufacturing companies? (2) How do the factors influence the implementation of HK in small manufacturing companies?Design/methodology/approachThe research presented in this paper is based on an extensive literature review and data from the implementation process in five small manufacturing companies. In the literature review, factors influencing the implementation of HK, lean production and total quality management (TQM) in small manufacturing firms are identified. Thereafter, five implementation cases are analyzed. Findings from the cases are then contrasted with the factors identified in the literature and further theorized.FindingsSeven factors were found to either enable or hamper HK implementation in small manufacturing companies. Management involvement was identified as a critical factor. Management involvement can be typologized as collaborative or demanding, and the types of involvement is decisive in implementation processes within the small manufacturing company context.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors focus on small manufacturing companies as the starting point and relate theoretical and practical results to the implementation processes in this defined target group. Conceptualizing implementation as a learning process, this research contributes to this emerging perspective on small firm development.

ON THE APPLICATION OF DISPERSION ANALYSIS FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A QUARTZ UV IRRADIATOR

Ensuring and improving the quality of products is currently an urgent task implemented through product quality management. In connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus, Rospotrebnadzor recommends the use of quartz lamps when disinfecting premises. The article discusses the issue of assessing the quality of a device for home use of a quartz ultraviolet irradiator OUFK-01. In accordance with the WHO recommendations, the irradiation indicator became the main one for the study. The study was carried out using an ANOVA model with several iterations. Purpose of the study: to study the variability of the irradiance index in different UV ranges depending on the source of UV radiation (UV lamp) of the ultraviolet irradiator OUFK-01. The main advantage of the analysis of variance was used – the ability to consider the interaction of various factors. The conclusions that were formulated based on the results of analysis of variance suggest that the quality of the OUFK-01 irradiator has changed. Data processing was carried out using the MS EXCEL software package. The article provides a rationale for what is meant by “quality improvement”, namely, in order not to violate the bactericidal effect, it is necessary to reduce the UV-A and UV-B ranges to acceptable values, since the effect of UV-C rays has not been fully studied, then the irradiance should be increased to the permissible wavelength range. A comparative analysis of successively modified products showed that the quality of the device increased with the replacement of the UV lamp.