Oilseed Production Research Articles

The development prospects for the raw material base and the edible vegetable oils production in the Krasnoyarsk territory

The article presents the research results on the market prospects of agricultural enterprises engaged in the oilseeds cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk territory. The role of oilseeds, in particular rapeseed, in the world production, the rapeseed industry condition and geography, the history of industrial production of edible oils in the Russian Federation, as well as the regional experience in the SFD and the problems that hinder the oilseeds production and processing are considered. The analysis of oilseeds production and processing in the Krasnoyarsk territory is presented. The assessment of the Krasnoyarsk territory export activity in the oilseeds market is given. The strategy of gradual development of the Asia-Pacific region target market – China and key marketing elements are defined. The strategy implementation is possible on the condition of support for investment projects implemented in the Krasnoyarsk territory for the development and strengthening of the raw material base, storage and industrial processing of oilseeds, the creation of production of various types of edible and technical oils, as well as cake production.

Oilseeds scenario in Himachal Pradesh: analysis and some reflections

Oilseeds are very important due to being an integral part of Indian kitchen and imports basket. The diverse agro-ecological conditions in India favour growing ofmanyoilseeds, whose demand goes unmet domestically. Area,production and yield of oilseeds in India have witnessed positive growth over time. But these appear to be missing crops in Himachal Pradesh. Sesamum in kharif and rapeseed & mustard in rabi are the most important crops. Thepresent study analysed the trends in area, production and yields ofthese two oilseed crops in Himachal Pradesh using time-series data for the period 1974-75 to 2016-17. The economics of cultivating these two crops was also studied to examine their profitability. The results revealed negative and significant growth rate for area under all oilseeds in the state, while the same for the yield was positive and significant. The growth in production of rapeseed & mustard was contributed both by acreage as well as yield during the study period. The area under sesamum observed a steep fall in the state, more so during the past two and a half decades. Human labour alone accounted for the highest cost in these crops on sample farms. The cost and returns analysis clearly brought out that the two oilseed crops were profitable only when paid out cost were considered. Also, sesamum turned out to be more profitable as compared to rapeseed & mustard due to higher output price. These results call for incentivized approach to re-popularize these crucial crops in the state through an appropriate mix of technology and extension services.

Productivity potential and profitability of whole package technology in oilseed crops

The productivity of oilseed crops in India is low due to rainfed cultivation, small operational land holdings, lack of varietal replacement (groundnut and sesame), losses due to biotic and abiotic stresses and low adoption of agronomic practices and other improved technologies. There is a potential to increase productivity of oilseeds by using best production practices and right combination of inputs at right time. Several technologies were developedby the All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRP) on oilseed crops that can significantly increase the productivity of oilseeds. Realizing the importance of extending these technologies to farmers, frontlinedemonstrations (FLDs) were conducted. Data from a total of 24,035 FLDs conducted on whole package technology over an area of 9727 ha in nine oilseed crops in different agro-ecological situations of the country during 2014-15 to 2018-19 were analyzed in this paper. The results showed increased yield, gross monetary returns and additional net returns with improved technologies (IT) as compared to farmers' practices. The benefit cost ratio was also higher indicating the profitability of improved technology. In order to speed up the adoption of improved technologies by farmers, there is a need to provide timely access to key inputs like, quality seeds of high yielding cultivars and availability of agro-chemicals in time at village level. There is also a need to forge required partnerships involving extension agencies, state departments of agriculture and input agencies in educating the farmers on the impact of improved technologies, organizing exposure visits to model farms and ensuring timely availability of quality inputsto enhance oilseed productivity and profitability.

Growth Performance of Oilseeds Among Leading States in India

The present study was conducted to estimate the growth & instability of major edible oilseeds production across major states in India. The time series secondary data on area, production and productivity of soybean, rapeseed, mustard and groundnut were collected for all the major states from the period 1995–96 to 2017–18. Statistical tools like compound growth rate for calculating annual growth rate and Cuddy-Della Valle Index for instability index were used. Results showed that the area and production of soybean in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra increased at a highly significant rate annually. Instability of area in both these states was found low. Production and productivity of rapeseed and mustard in Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh were found to be increased at highly significant annual growth rate but the area in Uttar Pradesh was declined at a highly significant rate per annum (−2.93%). Instability of area in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh was low and production instability was moderate in all four states whereas except Haryana, all three states showed low instability in productivity. In groundnut Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Karnataka showed a highly significant decline in the annual growth rate of area and production. Except for Rajasthan, all other five states showed low instability in the area under groundnut during the study period. Therefore, the study recommends adoption of site-specific scientific package of practices of the crop to avoid the prevailed instability.

An Economic Analysis of Food Demand in Rural and Urban Households of Tamil Nadu

Food is a basic part of our existence and nourishes the body. The Indian consumer underwent a remarkable transformation in their consumption pattern. Food consumption and expenditure on different commodities is an important area of research for economists. The NSSO data (68th round) was used to derive different demand elasticity for different food groups in Tamil Nadu. The income elasticity derived from the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model revealed that the food group, milk and vegetables are necessary goods in rural households but luxury goods in urban households. The meat was necessary good in urban households but luxury goods in rural households. The uncompensated own price elasticity showed the demand reacted elastically to own price changes for meat, edible oils, and nuts in rural households, milk, egg, vegetables, fruits, nuts and oil in urban households. The uncompensated cross-price elasticity showed milk and beverages were substitutes in both rural and urban households. Similarly, meat and egg in rural, milk and egg, fruits and nuts in urban households were substitutes. The compensated own price elasticity showed nuts and oil in rural and urban households, meat in rural and milk, egg, vegetables and fruits in urban households, were elastic to the price change. The compensated cross-price elasticity showed, fruits, and nuts, egg and meat, meat and fish, appeared to be moderately strong substitutes, cereals and vegetables were complements in rural households, whereas vegetables and edible oils, fruits and vegetables, were substitutes, the commodity group’s fruits and nuts, milk, and egg, were complements in urban households of Tamil Nadu. The study recommended policies such as appropriate technology development to enhance the productivity of oilseeds and meticulous planning of the quantum of edible oil to be imported and rationalization of distribution of edible oils through Public Distribution System, exclusively to the households living under the poverty line to meet the growing demand for edible oil.

Scenario Method of Strategic Planning and Forecasting the Development of the Rural Economy in Agricultural Complex.

The purpose of the study is to justify the use of the universal scenario method of strategic planning and forecasting the development of the agroindustrial complex of the regional rural economy. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the application of a set of theoretical and methodological provisions for scenario planning and forecasting the development of agriculture in the regions, taking into account the assessment of their existing potential and constructing a territorial planning scheme for the priority of participation in the implementation of strategic directions of rural development in agricultural production. The paper presents a territorial model of the priority of participation of the municipal regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the implementation of strategic areas in the areas of development of production of grain crops, sugar beet, and oilseeds. The developed scenario method, reflecting the qualitatively heterogeneous directions of the development of enterprises, is formed taking into account the achievement of the strategic goal and potential opportunities of rural areas. This allows determining strategic decisions for the further development of rural areas and integrating them into a uniform industry development strategy. The developed approach is recommended to be used as a guideline in the development of long-term programs for the development of the crop production industry, as well as for adjusting the activities of ongoing programs.

The change in the yield structure elements of oilseed flax depending on hydrothermal conditions, the use of fertilizers, the seeding rates

The studies were conducted in the years of 2012–2017 in the zone of unstable moisture on leached blackearth (chernozem) in FSBSI FSC ARRIOC (Krasnodar). The object of research is the oilseed flax variety “ARRIOC 620”. In the variants of oilseed flax cultivation technology differing in the amount of fertilizer and the seeding rate, there were identified the biometric indicators and such yield structure elements as “plant height”, “length of a technical part of a stem”, “number of bolls per plant”, “number of plants”, “number of bolls”, “plant and seed weight per area unit”, “1000 seed weight”. There has been established that both fertilizers and seeding rate contributed to the variation of these indicators, which changed oilseed flax productivity. It has been found that productivity depends on moisture supply during the most important period of vegetation. In years with precipitation distribution characteristic for the arid zone of moistening (according to the STC), the productivity has been greatly affected by the moisture supply in May and June which corresponds to the growth stages “cotyledons – flowering”. In years with precipitation distribution characteristic for the humid and slightly arid zone of moistening (according to the STC), the productivity depended on the moisture supply in June, i. e. in the period “bud formation – flowering”.

Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

STUDY OF PRICE VOLATILITY OF SOYBEAN IN MAJOR MARKETS OF MAHARASHTRA STATE

Soybean is the leading oilseed produced globally. It paly significant role in total oilseed production of India. Maharashtra is the second largest producer of soybean after Madhya Pradesh in India. The present study aimed to study the price volatility of soybean among the major soybean markets of Maharashtra. For study purpose the data related to monthly modal prices of soybean were collected from major markets viz. Latur, Khamgaon (Buldhana), Nagpur and Higanghat (Wardha) for the period January, 2002 to December, 2018. There were persistent fluctuations over a period of time in the major markets and it was maximum in Nagpur market. KEY WORLDS: Markets, Price volatility, Modal prices JEL Key words: C49, E30, E37

Agri-innovations in oilseed crops for enhanced productivity and nutritional security

In order to enhance the productivity and production potential of oilseeds, Ministry of Agriculture and farmersWelfare, Government of India initiated organization of Cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) on oilseeds. Someinstitutional support programmes were introduced to attain self-sufficiency in oilseeds production. Agri-innovations aid in enhancing the productivity of oilseeds and in maintaining nutritional security

Performance of oilseeds in India: A temporal study

In India, oilseeds are cultivated on an area of 26 million ha with a production of 29.65 million tonnes primarilyunder rainfed conditions. Oilseeds production could not keep pace with the growing demands due to changing life style, increasing population and rising per capita income resulting to dependency on imports. The CAGR revealed that across different periods, despite fluctuations in the rate of growth in area, yield contributed to change in production thus suggesting the power of technologies operational at the farm. Multi-pronged strategy through institutional refurbishments for technology assemblage, favourable tariff policy and public private partnerships on seed production, output marketing and value chains needs strengthening for enhancing the domestic production and productivity.

Регуляторні інструменти стимулювання розвитку виробництва біопалив підприємствами АПК в Україні

The article deals with the legislative and regulatory acts governing the process of biofuels production by Ukrainian enterprises. A number of measures for state support of enterprises in the field of energy efficiency of Ukraine have been analyzed and reported. The main instruments for stimulating the development of biofuels production by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are outlined.On the basis of the conducted research, as a strategic direction, a number of advantages of the cluster organization for enhancing the competitiveness of biofuels enterprises implemented through the implementation of innovative developments in the field of bioenergy and included in clustersThe article deals with the interpretation of content filling of processes of cooperation, horizontal and vertical integration and cluster organization of production in the system of enterprises for the production of oilseeds and products of their processing.A system of measures on possible options for efficient production of biofuels and restraint of growing areas of oilseed crops is proposed.The prospects of building an effective entrepreneurial environment in the field of biofuel production have been determined, provided the formation of functional economic mechanisms for its stimulation, in particular: cheaper loans; exemption from taxation of a part of the profit received from the introduction of energy efficient and energy-saving technologies.The analysis of the literature has made it possible to determine that the problems of the efficiency of production of oilseeds in the context of systematic assessment of the ecological consequences of the processes of development of agricultural enterprises and export orientation of the oil and fat subcomplex remain insufficiently covered

An Overview of the Oil Palm Industry: Challenges and Some Emerging Opportunities for Nanotechnology Development

The increase in the world’s oil demand due to the rise of the global population urges more research into the production of sustainable vegetable oilseeds, among which palm oil is the most suitable candidate as it is the most efficient oilseed crop in the world. In an effort to drive the oil palm industry in the areas of food safety and security nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative. However, the utilization of nanotechnology in the oil palm industry is still limited. In this review, we aim to encourage the researchers to fully utilize nanotechnology as an alternative solution to tackle the challenges faced by the oil palm industry. Moreover, we also aim to highlight the opportunities for nanotechnology development in oil palm-based related research. The major points are as follows: (1) Nanosensing enables real-time monitoring of plantation status and crop progression, including soil, water and nutrient management, early pest/disease detection, and the spreading of pests/diseases. The use of nanosensing conveniently extends into advanced breeding topics, such as the development of disease-tolerant plants; (2) Nanotechnology could be the answer for the development of integrated management of pest and disease. Active agricultural ingredients can be entrapped or encapsulated into nanocarrier systems to improve their solubility, stability, enhance their efficient delivery to site-specific targets, with longer shelf life, and consequently improved efficacy; (3) Valuable nanomaterials can be isolated and generated from oil palm biomass waste. The utilization of oil palm biomass waste could overcome the issue of the massive production of waste in the oil palm industry and palm oil mills, where oil only accounts for 10% of the biomass, while 90% is comprised of the generated biowastes. (4) Palm oil can be utilized as a green alternative as a capping and stabilizing agent in the biosynthesis of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles. In addition, nanoemulsion formulations using palm oil in drug delivery systems offer advantages such as low toxicity, enhance bioavailability and solubility of the drugs, apart from being inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

Potential of China’s Agricultural Resources

The calculation of the agricultural potential of China, based on the production of grains, oilseeds (inputs are arable and irrigation areas, fertilizers) and meat (inputs are grains, oilseeds, and oilseeds derivatives (meal) production), according to FAO and USDA statistics. Based on the analysis of the relationships of these parameters, a mathematical model is developed (a system of equations of multiple regression). Growth in yield of cereal crops up to 6.1 t/ha, oilseeds crop yield grow to 2.7 t/ha, the proportion of grain sent to livestock feed up to 60%, the share of irrigated land up to 60% are the main input parameters. In this case potential production of food products, in particular, grain crops and meat, is potentially sufficient for the self-supply of the population of China of 1,600 million people. An acute problem for China will remain to provide the population with meat products, which will require the import of oilseed meal. This scientific and methodological toolbox makes it possible to obtain an objective quantitative assessment of the potential regional population

STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE OILSEED-PRODUCT SUBCOMPLEX OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The main oilseeds of Ukraine are sunflower, soybean and rapeseed (winter and spring) - in 2019, their share in the structure of oilseeds is 99.3% of the sown area. In different years, the profitability of their production ranges from 25 to 50%, providing one of the highest levels of cost recovery in domestic agricultural production. This is the main reason for the stable growth of sown areas under oilseeds. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and development prospects of the oil and food subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine in terms of the national economy increasing openness. Results. The article examines the state of agricultural production and industrial processing of seeds and oilseeds in Ukraine. There is a rapid growth of sown areas under the respective crops. Significant reserves of increase in production of sunflower, soybean and rapeseed due to increased yield are substantiated. The redundancy of the share of sunflower crops in the structure of sown areas is noted. It is assumed that a serious shortcoming in the development of the oil and food subcomplex is the excessive export volume of rapeseed, which is more appropriate to use for domestic processing to meet the needs of domestic consumers in scarce motor fuel. Conclusions. The main type of raw material in the field of industrial processing of oilseeds are sunflower seeds. Excessive sales of sunflower seeds abroad were redirected for domestic processing due to the introduction of export duties. Among the factors hindering the full development of the domestic oil market is its non-competitive structure. For the development of industrial processing of rapeseed, it is necessary to introduce an appropriate export duty of 10% and not to reimburse VAT on rapeseed exports. For the development of domestic biodiesel production, it is necessary to create clear and transparent legislation that establishes a long-term model of the industry, defining the basic rules of market participants, requirements for marketable products, creating conditions for the formation of logistics and infrastructure for collecting biological raw materials, transportation, production of second-generation biofuels. Keywords: sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, area, yield, oil, monopoly, export, raw materials, biodiesel.

Low Gossypol Containing Cottonseed: Not only a Fibre but also a Food Crop

We achieved self-sufficiency in food grains but are still deficient in pulses and oilseeds production. Cottonseed is a good source of quality oil and is rich in protein. But the presence of gossypol in the seed makes it toxic for human consumption. Therefore, low gossypol cultivars were developed either through genetic modification or screening and conventional breeding techniques. Texas A&M University patented the genetically modified ultra-low gossypol (< 450 mg kg−1) cultivar—TAM66274. Our breeders developed cultivars with gossypol content as low as 1100 mg kg−1 using conventional breeding techniques. Cottonseed meal, after oil extraction, can be used as a protein supplement similar to soybean. Cotton breeders need to screen the available germplasm and cultivars for low gossypol as well as high oil and fibre productivity. Thus, developing low and ultra-low gossypol cultivars will be a boon to our country.

Analysis of the use of selection achievements in the production of oilseeds

The availability of spare capacities for the production of vegetable oil in Russia and the increased demand in the world’s industrial markets stimulate the development of domestic competitive technologies for growing, storing and processing sunflower, soybean and rapeseed. Reducing the level of dependence of oilseeds on foreign analogues is considered as one of the key tasks. Currently, the share of foreign varieties in Russia occupies about 56 % of the acreage of spring rapeseed, 76% of winter rapeseed, 74% of sunflower and 26% of soy. It is shown that the inclusion of foreign varieties of oilseeds in the State register of varieties approved for use in the Russian Federation is not always justified. It is recommended to include in the state register only those varieties of foreign selection that have a statistically significant difference in the indicators of domestic and foreign varieties obtained as a result of their tests in the regions of Russia.

Analysis of canola (rapeseed) production cost and income in context of oilseeds production support policies: A case study from Trakya region of Turkey

The study aimed to analysis the cost and income of canola production in the context of support policies to oilseeds production in the Trakya region of Turkey. In this study, the average production costs of canola were calculated as 600.13 US$ ha-1. Gross profit and net profit excluding support payments were found as 515.98 and 310.32 US$ ha-1, respectively. It was determined that the gross profit and net profit including support payments were found to be 921.37 and 715.72 US$ ha-1. It was calculated that the share of supports is 44% in gross and 56.64% in net profits. The results indicated that the supports of diesel oil, fertilizer, certified seed usage and premium support have important increasing effects on farmer income and decreasing costs in canola production. As a result, it can be said that with the support policies applied in canola production, important increases have occurred in canola cultivation areas and production in Turkey. In order to have an efficient oilseed support policy, farmer’s extension service should develop various programs regarding sustainable canola production practices to educate farmers.

Techniques for rational use of technical equipment in sunflower oilseeds production

The paper summarizes the 5-year experimental data of the authors on the study of various technologies for sunflower cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Particular attention is paid to improving the methods of rational use of modern technological means with regards to the biological characteristics of the studied culture. It has been established that the classical technology of sunflower cultivation with deepening of the arable layer, diagonal closing of moisture, presowing cultivation to the depth of 6-8 cm, placement of rows in the South-North direction pre- and post- sowing harrowing and inter-row cultivation provides 93 % of the planned yield. The profitability of oilseed production is 69.2 %, and net profit is 13.7 thousand rubles per hectare. 7.4 thousand rubles of proceedings in cash comes to an enterprise from the sale of 1 ton of grown products. In large holding agricultural entities of Tatarstan with sunflower areas of more than 250-300 hectares, weed control using the Clearfield system excludes harrowing of crops and inter-row cultivation. The use of selective herbicide intended only for a single hybrid allows the 70 to 100 % weeds destruction without damaging the main crop. The economic indicators of the mixture of the developed agricultural technology with chemical crops weeding are quite high. Specifically, the profitability is 59.6 % and the cost of production of 1 ton of oilseeds is lower than its sales price by 6.7 thousand rubles.

ПРИЕМЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ФОТОСИНТЕЗА И УРОЖАЙНОСТИ МАСЛИЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В СТЕПНОМ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ

Studies have shown that along with sunflower in the steppe Volga region, it is necessary to cultivate other valuable oilseeds more widely, among which one of the most promising is dye safflower, the seeds of which contain up to 37% fat. Safflower oil is light yellow in color, is semi-drying, and in terms of taste is not inferior to sunflower oil. The sunflower greatly dries up and impoverishes the soil, it is harvested very late and therefore it is impossible to properly cultivate the field for the next crop rotation. After the sunflower, the field is removed in pairs, i.e. do not sow anything, and it will recover during the summer. Safflower, in contrast to sunflower, is a more favorable predecessor, because it is cleaned early - in favorable midsummer weather. After harvesting it, the soil can be well prepared for subsequent culture. The aim of the research was to improve the technological methods of sunflower and safflower cultivation in the steppe Volga region. It has been established that in order to increase the production of high-quality oilseeds while saving costs and stabilizing field agrocenoses of these crops in the steppe Volga region, it is necessary to: - optimize the placement of sunflower and safflower in microzones of the Saratov region; - when growing sunflower, treat the seeds before sowing with the Albit growth stimulator (200 ml / t) and treat the crops in the budding phase with the leaf fertilizer Polydon oilseed (1.0 l / ha); - when growing safflower, apply seed treatment with a Zircon growth stimulator (30 ml / t) and treatment of crops in the budding phase with Siliplant micronutrient fertilizer (1.0 l / ha).