Abstract
The paper summarizes the 5-year experimental data of the authors on the study of various technologies for sunflower cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Particular attention is paid to improving the methods of rational use of modern technological means with regards to the biological characteristics of the studied culture. It has been established that the classical technology of sunflower cultivation with deepening of the arable layer, diagonal closing of moisture, presowing cultivation to the depth of 6-8 cm, placement of rows in the South-North direction pre- and post- sowing harrowing and inter-row cultivation provides 93 % of the planned yield. The profitability of oilseed production is 69.2 %, and net profit is 13.7 thousand rubles per hectare. 7.4 thousand rubles of proceedings in cash comes to an enterprise from the sale of 1 ton of grown products. In large holding agricultural entities of Tatarstan with sunflower areas of more than 250-300 hectares, weed control using the Clearfield system excludes harrowing of crops and inter-row cultivation. The use of selective herbicide intended only for a single hybrid allows the 70 to 100 % weeds destruction without damaging the main crop. The economic indicators of the mixture of the developed agricultural technology with chemical crops weeding are quite high. Specifically, the profitability is 59.6 % and the cost of production of 1 ton of oilseeds is lower than its sales price by 6.7 thousand rubles.
Highlights
IntroductionAccording to experts [1,2,3], 1 hectare of arable land is required for the production of 1 ton of sunflower oil, while 6 hectares of land must be allocated for the production of 1 ton of butter to contain 6 cows with a milk yield of 5 thousand liters per year, including 23 thousand dollars of capital costs and more than 300 people/hour of working time
According to experts [1,2,3], 1 hectare of arable land is required for the production of 1 ton of sunflower oil, while 6 hectares of land must be allocated for the production of 1 ton of butter to contain 6 cows with a milk yield of 5 thousand liters per year, including 23 thousand dollars of capital costs and more than 300 people/hour of working time.On the other hand, excessive consumption of animal fats is the main reason for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which significantly reduce the life expectancy of the population of the Russian Federation
Due to changes in the diet of people over the past 10 years, the gross harvest of oilseeds in our country has a steady growth trend, which is characteristic of the Republic of Tatarstan [4,5,6]
Summary
According to experts [1,2,3], 1 hectare of arable land is required for the production of 1 ton of sunflower oil, while 6 hectares of land must be allocated for the production of 1 ton of butter to contain 6 cows with a milk yield of 5 thousand liters per year, including 23 thousand dollars of capital costs and more than 300 people/hour of working time. Due to changes in the diet of people over the past 10 years, the gross harvest of oilseeds in our country has a steady growth trend, which is characteristic of the Republic of Tatarstan [4,5,6]. Due to the violation of the cultivation technology, the increase in the production of oilseeds is not due to the increased yields but to the expansion of the sown area of this crop. In our republic it is annually sown on an area of 100–120 thousand ha, and the yield is only 1.0–1.2 t/ha against the potential of modern varieties and hybrids being 2–3 times higher. The development of techniques for the study object cultivation is relevant and timely due to the fact that they provide at least 2.0 t/ha of oil seeds with low cost
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